BAE/Formatting
The BAE was ahead of DP in some aspects of proofing. In particular, page numbers in the Contents and Index were always preserved, and unusual letters were retained. Some aspects of proofing and formatting still have their own rules.
Proofing
Diacritics and Extra Characters
What to Expect
The full range of DP diacritical marks shows up in BAE projects.
In addition, the BAE created its own system for recording non-English languages and used it in most articles. The accompanying chart, adapted from two different articles by James Owen Dorsey, gives a fairly complete list of the characters used. If you get hooked on BAE articles, you may want to download the bigger version, or look at this passage for straight-from-the-horse’s-mouth background information. For still more BAE characters, try This Page from Social condition, beliefs, and linguistic relationship of the Tlingit Indians by John R. Swanton (Report 26)-- also good for any article by Franz Boas.
An introductory paragraph from an earlier article shows some of the most widely used characters, and the special sounds given to some ordinary letters:
c = ch in chin ¢ = th in this ç = th in think j = z in azure q = German ch in machen
Other common letters include χ (greek chi) and a small superscript "n".
Unfortunately this system had little in common with other phonetic systems, and many of the characters have never made it into unicode. At DP, the "cents" sign ¢ is used as a stand-in for the c-with-slash characters ȼ (lower-case) and Ȼ (upper-case, proofed [¢]).
How to Proof Them
Upside-down letters are generally proofed as [k], [t] and so on. Pairs of upside-down letters like [t][c] should be separately bracketed, even if they represent a single sound. Older BAE projects may have [c] (upside-down c) proofed as [open-o]; change it to [c]. Beware of [s] and [p] (upside-down s and p).
Superscripts: With rare exceptions, the only superscripted letter is n. It can be proofed in {braces}, but in practice it will never be followed by another superscript, so the braces aren’t strictly necessary. Alternatively you may proof it as [n], since there is no upside-down n.
Exception #1: Some articles have a superscript t. There is no danger of mistaking this for n.
Exception #2: All of Annual Report 35 (below) and its friends.
Watch out for ṵ (u with line under, shown here with a wiggly tilde for readability). Thanks to the BAE font, it looks just like an n; luckily u is the only letter that has an underline. Post-processors may choose to render this character as u with under-tilde for better font support.
| Diacritic | Examples | How to Proof | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| macron (“long” mark) |
ā ē ī | [=x] | only on vowels |
| breve (“short” mark) |
ă ĕ ĭ | [)x] | only on vowels |
| hacek (“caron”) | š č | [vx] | only on consonants |
| BAE breves tend to look pointy, like haceks. If it’s on a vowel it’s a breve; if it’s on a consonant it’s a hacek. | |||
| over-dot | ġ ḣ | [.x] | Watch out for h with over-dot: it often looks like “li”. |
Apostrophe-Like Symbols
Some texts include up to three different symbols that look like apostrophes, representing glottal stops or features like syllable stress. In proofreading they are handled like this:
' = normal apostrophe, printed ’
(curls to left = single close quote)
` = backwards apostrophe representing glottal stop, printed ‘
(curls to right, similar to single open quote)
['] = simple line showing pronunciation, printed ' or ´
(straight slanted line)
For example, the word
would be proofed as
Ä[']-t'a`ka[']-i
Annual Report 35 and Its Allies
The 35th Annual Report consists of a single two-volume, 1400-page monster article whose author did not choose to use BAE phonetic notation. When your name is Franz Boas, you can do what you like. Be especially alert for superscripts:
u and o (superscript n doesn’t seem to occur) ε epsilon (used for glottal stop, so it can be proofed as either ^e or `)
In addition to Annual Report 35, these characters may also show up in these places: 6:399-669; Report 31 (all of it); 41:119-484; 45:23-440.
They will also show up in General Index references to anything in these page ranges, but especially Report 35.
Watch Out!
BAE articles were printed in small type in a serif-heavy font. The standard scannos like n:u and h:b are common. Also watch out for spurious punctuation marks: periods . or commas , after letters with "hooks" (dhilmnux), and apostrophes or single quotes next to tall letters like l, N or W.
Also look out for stealth scannos. Words like arid, bead, clay, hut, bear show up unusually often in BAE articles.
Formatting
Inline Format
Most BAE projects went through the rounds before the current <sc>small caps</sc> markup existed. Even if all other markup is in place, you will need to be alert for small caps, generally treated as ALL CAPS. Another potential trouble spot is punctuation inside or outside closing markup.
Table Format
Early BAE projects had tables formatted with a special Latex-style markup. This is no longer in use, but you may find it in Post-Processing. Proofers may delete it if it distracts you; formatters should definitely remove it.
Index
These notes apply only to the Index at the end of an ordinary Annual Report. They do not apply to Annual Report 48, the General Index covering all previous volumes.
Each volume contains a full index for all papers in that volume. Annual Reports published in two parts have a separate index for each volume. To make the Index usable, all BAE post-processors include page anchors in a consistent format, using the physical page number.
The index itself requires special handling by proofers and formatters. Since it will be both split into different papers, and merged with the index of the other volumes, the individual items have to be complete. Any dashes or indentation (representing one or more words repeated from a previous item) must be replaced by the item itself, in brackets. If there is more than one repeated element, make sure each [....] takes the place of one indent.
| No. | Image | Remarks |
| Correctly Formatted Text | ||
| 1. | Dall, W. H., Burial boxes 156
|
An easy one, only one omitted element. |
| Dall, W. H., Burial boxes 156 [Dall, W. H.], Cave burial 129
| ||
| 2. | Tree and scaffold burial 158
|
This is another, more complex case, with several levels of nesting. Note that it's important to define what's in the brackets so that individual pieces make sense. Rather than bracket [Tree and scaffold burial] as a whole, it's broken into pieces so that [Tree] and [burial] can be used as separate elements in the following lines. |
| Tree and scaffold burial 158 [Tree] [and scaffold] [burial], Brulé Sioux 158, 160
|
