A Dictionary of the Art of Printing/Indian Scripts

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Bengalese

page 33

Uh-oh, looks like my computer doesn't speak Bengali, though it has no trouble with Devanagari. Some vowels may be mispositioned.

[**Please note that some of the conjuncts here are typographical, and cannot reliably be reproduced in Unicode, as they would require uncommon font variants. I suggest using illustrations in those cases. Furthermore, the common shape for anusvara is with a diagonal stroke under the circle, I have used that here.--jhellingman]

First Series.

অ o আ aa ই ee ঈ ee
উ oo ঊ oo ঋ ree ৠ ree
ঌ lee ৡ lree এ a ঐ i
ও o ঔ ou [অং] ung অঃ oh

Second Series.

ক ko খ k,ho গ go ঘ g,ho ঙ ngoo-o
চ cho ছ ch,ho জ jo ঝ j,ho ঞ gnee-o
ট to ঠ t,ho ড do ঢ d,ho ণ aano
ত to থ t,ho দ do ধ d,ho ন no
প po ফ p,ho ব bo ভ b,ho ম mo
য jo র ro ল lo [ব] wo ----
শ sho ষ sho স so হ ho ক্ষ khy-o

... as ক and গ always stand for ko, and go

page 34

A Table of the corresponding Vowels.

অ o ক ko (the included vowel.)
আ aa কা kaa এ a কে ka
ই ee কি kee ঐ i কৈ ki or ko-i
ঈ ee কী kee ও o কো ko
উ oo কু koo ঔ ou কৌ kou
ঊ oo কূ koo [অং] ung [কং] kung
অঃ oh কঃ koh

... characters were invented, called ফলা

... joined to ক ko

... the letter র ro

pages 34-35

The twelve P,holas.

Figure. Name. Power.
ক্য ky-o ky-o
ক্র koro kro
ক্ন kono kno
ক্ল kolo klo
ক্ব koo-o kwo, or sometimes koo.
ক্ম komo kmo
কৃ kirree kree
কৢ killer klee
র্ক arko rko
ঙ্ক ungko ungko
ষ্ক ashko 8hko
সিদ্ধি sheedd,hee ----

page 35

সিদ্ধি sheedd,hee, called the twelfth

The Series Sheed,hee.

সি shee দ্ধি dd,hee র ro স্তু stoo
অ o আ aa ই ee ঈ ee
উ oo ঊ oo ঋ ree ৠ ree
ঌ lee ৡ lee এ a ঐ i
ও o ঔ ou [অং] ung অঃ oh

অ o, is always an initial letter.

আ aa, is also initial.

ক্র kro, stands for [ক্র][**This symbol can not be reproduced in a standard way in Unicode] the kirro Pholaa.

[#] okto, is ও to blended with ক ko; its regular form is [#].

[#] koo, stands for কু ko with hroswookaar.

[#] ungo, is compounded of ঙ ngoo-o with [#] go subjoined.

page 36

[#] oggyo, is another figure for the Pholaa [#];

[#] moo, is ম mo and [#] wo compounded. The simple form is [#]

[#] oshno, for [#] e. [#] aano subjoined to ষ sho.

[#] shoo, initial and medial, [#] shoo, final; two figures for [#].

[#] This figure stands for both [#] otto and [#] too.

[#] goo, is used for [#].

[#] hoo, stands for [#].

[#] ohro, is kro Pholaa subjoined to হ ho.

[#] tro, stands for [#].

[#] roo, is used instead of [#].

[#] ohlo, is ল lo subjoined to হ ho.

[#] ondo, compounded of [#] aano and ড do.

[#] ohjo, is হ ho and [#] jo blended together.

[#] ohmo, a compound of হ ho and ম mo.

[#] ostoo, is স so and [#] to, with hroswookaar subjoined.

[#] ostro, is the letter স so compounded with [#] to, and the kro Pholaa.

[#] joo, stands for [#].

[#] ogd,ho, [#] odd,ho, [#] ond,ho, represent [#] d'ho severally subjoined to গ go, দ do, and ন no.

[#] this figure is called ordd,ho-to

... the letter [#] to

... represented by [#]

[#] otyo, is the preceding [#].

[#] This figure ... the letter [#] aleph

_ঁ Chaandboondaa [shown above lowline because of character position]

৺ Eeshwor

page 37

[#] Sree properly signifies

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
১০ 10

Sanskrita

Throughout this section, combinations such as क्ष and मणि are typed correctly but will not display as intended in all browsers.

page 722

अ a आ ā इ i ई ī उ u ऊ ū ऋ ri ॠ ṛī ऌ ḷri
ॡ ḷrī ए ē ऐ ai ओ ō औ au ं am : ah

"am" = anusvara, "ah" = visarga

क k ख kha ग ga घ gha ङ nga
च cha छ ch'ha ज ja झ jha ञ ṅya
ट ṭa ठ ṭha ड ḍa ढ ḍha ण ṇa
त ta थ tha द da ध dha न na
प pa फ pha ब ba भ bha म ma
य ya र ra ल la व va
श ṣa ष sha स sa ह ha क्ष ksha

ṣa, sha are now normally written ś, ṣ

the term कार: kārah

... vowel अ a, is called अकार: a-kārah; and the consonant क ka, ककार: ka-kārah.

अ a, इ i, उ u, ऋ ri, ऌ ḷri

आ ā, ई ī, ऊ ū, ऋ ṛī, ॡ lrī

page 723

As Initials.

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ -- ऴ -- ए ऐ ओ औ

As Medials and Finals.

ा ि ी ु ू ृ -- -- -- े ै ो ौ

अक आका इकि ईकी उकु ऊकू ऋकृ ॠकॄ
aka, ākā, iki, īkī, uku, ūkū, ṛikṛi, ṛīkṛī,
ऌकॢ ॡकॣ एके ऐकै ओको औकौ
ḷrikḷri, ḷrīkḷrī, ēkē, aikai, ōkō, aukau.

आ काल ा

इ ई

page 724

ि ी मणि: देवी

उ ऊ पुत्र: भू:र रु रू last two may not display correctly

ऋ ॠ ऋत रि री नृ नॄ

ऌ ॡ कॢप्त

ए देव: अ इ

ऐ रै:

ओ अ उ

औ हौ

ं : ह

pages 725-728

अनुस्वार: विसर्ग:

अहं त्वं स:

वर्गा:

कवर्ग: क

चवर्ग: च

उ कु चु टु तु पु

क ख ह घ ङ

च छ ज छ ञ

ज्ञा ज्ञ ज ञ

ग्या

ट ठ ड ढ ण

मूर्द्धन्य

त थ द ध न

संवत्

यरलव

य इ ई ज

र कार्य्य प्रकार रेफ

व उ द्वौ

श ष स ह

वाक् वाक क्ष ज्ञ क ष ज ञ द्ध

कार्त्स्न्यं र त स न य

Tamul

This is the standard spelling used in the book.

As with Sanskrit, letter combinations are typed correctly (I think) but will not display as intended in all browsers.

page 792

a ā i ī u ū e ē ei o ō ou
ka கா கி கீ கு கூ கெ கே கை கொ கோ கௌ
nga
cha சு சூ
nya ‹ ஞ
Cerebral ḍa டி டீ டு டூ
Cerebral ṇa ணா ணி ணீ ணு ணூ ணெஇ ணொ ணோ
ta தா
na [#]


page 793

pa         பு பூ        
ma மு மூ
ya யு யூ
ra ரு ரூ
la லு லூ லை
va ‹ வ வு வூ
Cerebral ṛa ழு ழூ
Cerebral ḷa ளு ளூ ளை
Cerebral rra றா று றூ றொ றோ
na னா னு னூ னை ?னொ னோ


page 794

க--As a medial, this letter has, when single, the sound of gk; when double, of kk. As an initial also it represents gh in certain words derived from the Sanscrit.

ச--This letter has, when single, the sound of s, sh, and the French g in âge; when double, it has the sound of ch. In words of Sanscrit origin, it represents the ja and cha of the Sanscrit alphabet.

த--This letter, when combined with ச, has the sound of the French n in Ange.

ட--This letter has, when single, the sound of d; when double, of ṭṭ, with a strong cerebral articulation.

த--As a medial, this letter has, when single, the sound of d; when double of tt. As an initial, also, it represents d in certain words of Sanscrit origin.

ந--This is the initial n. It is medial only before த.

ப--As a medial, this letter has, when single, the sound of b; when double, of pp. And in certain words of Sanscrit origin it has, as an initial also, the sound of b.

ழ--This letter is articulated somewhat like the hard ṛ of the Hindustani alphabet. It may be said to possess generally as a medial, the sound of r, and as a final, that of l, with a cerebral articulation.

ற--This letter has, when single, the sound of rr; and, when double, the sound of a double tt.

.... as ன் (n), ர் (r).

In the elegant dialect, a character written thus ஃ, and termed āyadam, is used in addition to the ordinary letters of the alphabet. It is not, strictly speaking, either a vowel or a consonant; but it has the power of a consonant; it is pronounced gutturally, and it lengthens the preceding syllable if short by nature: as இஃது (ighdu) "this," instead of இது (idu).

இ before the cerebrals, viz. ட [**assuming typo], ண, ழ, ள, ற, has an obscure sound, best expressed by a short u, and may be considered as nearly lost.

ஈ before the cerebrals, possesses nearly the sound of long u, though a practised ear distinguishes a peculiarity in its utterance.


page 795

The character [#] is the consonant s of the Grandonic alphabet.

Cardinal Numbers.

Figures.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
௰௧ 11
௰௨ 12
௰௩ 13
௰௪ 14
௰௫ 15
௰௬ 16
௰௭ 17
௰௮ 18
௰௯ 19
௨௰ 20
௨௰௧ 21
௨௰௨ 22
௨௰௩ 23
௨௰௪ 24
௨௰௫ 25
௨௰௬ 26
௨௰௭ 27
௨௰௮ 28
௨௰௯ 29
௩௰ 30
௩௰௧ 31, &c.
௪௰ 40
௫௰ 50
௬௰ 60
௭௰ 70
௮௰ 80
௯௰ 90
100
௱௧ 101, &c.
௨௱ 200
௩௱ 300
௯௱ 900
௲ or [#] 1,000
௲௧ or [##] 1,001, &c.
௲௱ or [##] 1,100, &c.
௨௲ 2,000
௰௲ 10,000
௨௰௲ 20,000
௱௲ 1,00,000
௨௱௲ 2,00,000
௨௱௱௲ 20,00,000
௱௱௲ 100,00,000, or10,000,000