A Dictionary of the Art of Printing/Indian Scripts
Bengalese
page 33
Uh-oh, looks like my computer doesn't speak Bengali, though it has no trouble with Devanagari. Some vowels may be mispositioned.
[**Please note that some of the conjuncts here are typographical, and cannot reliably be reproduced in Unicode, as they would require uncommon font variants. I suggest using illustrations in those cases. Furthermore, the common shape for anusvara is with a diagonal stroke under the circle, I have used that here.--jhellingman]
First Series.
অ o | আ aa | ই ee | ঈ ee |
উ oo | ঊ oo | ঋ ree | ৠ ree |
ঌ lee | ৡ lree | এ a | ঐ i |
ও o | ঔ ou | [অং] ung | অঃ oh |
Second Series.
ক ko | খ k,ho | গ go | ঘ g,ho | ঙ ngoo-o |
চ cho | ছ ch,ho | জ jo | ঝ j,ho | ঞ gnee-o |
ট to | ঠ t,ho | ড do | ঢ d,ho | ণ aano |
ত to | থ t,ho | দ do | ধ d,ho | ন no |
প po | ফ p,ho | ব bo | ভ b,ho | ম mo |
য jo | র ro | ল lo | [ব] wo | ---- |
শ sho | ষ sho | স so | হ ho | ক্ষ khy-o |
... as ক and গ always stand for ko, and go
page 34
A Table of the corresponding Vowels.
অ o | ক ko (the included vowel.) | ||
আ aa | কা kaa | এ a | কে ka |
ই ee | কি kee | ঐ i | কৈ ki or ko-i |
ঈ ee | কী kee | ও o | কো ko |
উ oo | কু koo | ঔ ou | কৌ kou |
ঊ oo | কূ koo | [অং] ung | [কং] kung |
অঃ oh | কঃ koh |
... characters were invented, called ফলা
... joined to ক ko
... the letter র ro
pages 34-35
The twelve P,holas.
Figure. | Name. | Power. |
---|---|---|
ক্য | ky-o | ky-o |
ক্র | koro | kro |
ক্ন | kono | kno |
ক্ল | kolo | klo |
ক্ব | koo-o | kwo, or sometimes koo. |
ক্ম | komo | kmo |
কৃ | kirree | kree |
কৢ | killer | klee |
র্ক | arko | rko |
ঙ্ক | ungko | ungko |
ষ্ক | ashko | 8hko |
সিদ্ধি | sheedd,hee | ---- |
page 35
সিদ্ধি sheedd,hee, called the twelfth
The Series Sheed,hee.
সি shee | দ্ধি dd,hee | র ro | স্তু stoo |
অ o | আ aa | ই ee | ঈ ee |
উ oo | ঊ oo | ঋ ree | ৠ ree |
ঌ lee | ৡ lee | এ a | ঐ i |
ও o | ঔ ou | [অং] ung | অঃ oh |
অ o, is always an initial letter.
আ aa, is also initial.
ক্র kro, stands for [ক্র][**This symbol can not be reproduced in a standard way in Unicode] the kirro Pholaa.
[#] okto, is ও to blended with ক ko; its regular form is [#].
[#] koo, stands for কু ko with hroswookaar.
[#] ungo, is compounded of ঙ ngoo-o with [#] go subjoined.
page 36
[#] oggyo, is another figure for the Pholaa [#];
[#] moo, is ম mo and [#] wo compounded. The simple form is [#]
[#] oshno, for [#] e. [#] aano subjoined to ষ sho.
[#] shoo, initial and medial, [#] shoo, final; two figures for [#].
[#] This figure stands for both [#] otto and [#] too.
[#] goo, is used for [#].
[#] hoo, stands for [#].
[#] ohro, is kro Pholaa subjoined to হ ho.
[#] tro, stands for [#].
[#] roo, is used instead of [#].
[#] ohlo, is ল lo subjoined to হ ho.
[#] ondo, compounded of [#] aano and ড do.
[#] ohjo, is হ ho and [#] jo blended together.
[#] ohmo, a compound of হ ho and ম mo.
[#] ostoo, is স so and [#] to, with hroswookaar subjoined.
[#] ostro, is the letter স so compounded with [#] to, and the kro Pholaa.
[#] joo, stands for [#].
[#] ogd,ho, [#] odd,ho, [#] ond,ho, represent [#] d'ho severally subjoined to গ go, দ do, and ন no.
[#] this figure is called ordd,ho-to
... the letter [#] to
... represented by [#]
[#] otyo, is the preceding [#].
[#] This figure ... the letter [#] aleph
_ঁ Chaandboondaa [shown above lowline because of character position]
৺ Eeshwor
page 37
[#] Sree properly signifies
১ | 1 |
২ | 2 |
৩ | 3 |
৪ | 4 |
৫ | 5 |
৬ | 6 |
৭ | 7 |
৮ | 8 |
৯ | 9 |
১০ | 10 |
Sanskrita
Throughout this section, combinations such as क्ष and मणि are typed correctly but will not display as intended in all browsers.
page 722
अ a | आ ā | इ i | ई ī | उ u | ऊ ū | ऋ ri | ॠ ṛī | ऌ ḷri |
ॡ ḷrī | ए ē | ऐ ai | ओ ō | औ au | ं am | : ah |
"am" = anusvara, "ah" = visarga
क k | ख kha | ग ga | घ gha | ङ nga |
च cha | छ ch'ha | ज ja | झ jha | ञ ṅya |
ट ṭa | ठ ṭha | ड ḍa | ढ ḍha | ण ṇa |
त ta | थ tha | द da | ध dha | न na |
प pa | फ pha | ब ba | भ bha | म ma |
य ya | र ra | ल la | व va | |
श ṣa | ष sha | स sa | ह ha | क्ष ksha |
ṣa, sha are now normally written ś, ṣ
the term कार: kārah
... vowel अ a, is called अकार: a-kārah; and the consonant क ka, ककार: ka-kārah.
अ a, इ i, उ u, ऋ ri, ऌ ḷri
आ ā, ई ī, ऊ ū, ऋ ṛī, ॡ lrī
page 723
As Initials.
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ -- ऴ -- ए ऐ ओ औ
As Medials and Finals.
ा ि ी ु ू ृ -- -- -- े ै ो ौ
अक | आका | इकि | ईकी | उकु | ऊकू | ऋकृ | ॠकॄ |
aka, | ākā, | iki, | īkī, | uku, | ūkū, | ṛikṛi, | ṛīkṛī, |
ऌकॢ | ॡकॣ | एके | ऐकै | ओको | औकौ | ||
ḷrikḷri, | ḷrīkḷrī, | ēkē, | aikai, | ōkō, | aukau. |
अ
आ काल ा
इ ई
page 724
ि ी मणि: देवी
उ ऊ पुत्र: भू:र रु रू last two may not display correctly
ऋ ॠ ऋत रि री नृ नॄ
ऌ ॡ कॢप्त
ए देव: अ इ
ऐ रै:
ओ अ उ
औ हौ
ं : ह
pages 725-728
अनुस्वार: विसर्ग:
अहं त्वं स:
वर्गा:
कवर्ग: क
चवर्ग: च
उ कु चु टु तु पु
क ख ह घ ङ
च छ ज छ ञ
ज्ञा ज्ञ ज ञ
ग्या
ट ठ ड ढ ण
मूर्द्धन्य
त थ द ध न
संवत्
यरलव
य इ ई ज
र कार्य्य प्रकार रेफ
व उ द्वौ
श ष स ह
वाक् वाक क्ष ज्ञ क ष ज ञ द्ध
कार्त्स्न्यं र त स न य
Tamul
This is the standard spelling used in the book.
As with Sanskrit, letter combinations are typed correctly (I think) but will not display as intended in all browsers.
a | ā | i | ī | u | ū | e | ē | ei | o | ō | ou | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
அ | ஆ | இ | ஈ | உ | ஊ | எ | ஏ | ஐ | ஒ | ஓ | ஔ | |
ka | க | கா | கி | கீ | கு | கூ | கெ | கே | கை | கொ | கோ | கௌ |
nga | ங | |||||||||||
cha | ச | சு | சூ | |||||||||
nya | ஞ | |||||||||||
Cerebral ḍa | ட | டி | டீ | டு | டூ | |||||||
Cerebral ṇa | ண | ணா | ணி | ணீ | ணு | ணூ | ணெஇ | ணொ | ணோ | |||
ta | த | தா | ||||||||||
na | ந | [#] |
pa | ப | பு | பூ | |||||||||
ma | ம | மு | மூ | |||||||||
ya | ய | யு | யூ | |||||||||
ra | ர | ரு | ரூ | |||||||||
la | ல | லு | லூ | லை | ||||||||
va | வ | வு | வூ | |||||||||
Cerebral ṛa | ழ | ழு | ழூ | |||||||||
Cerebral ḷa | ள | ளு | ளூ | ளை | ||||||||
Cerebral rra | ற | றா | று | றூ | றொ | றோ | ||||||
na | ன | னா | னு | னூ | னை | ?னொ | னோ |
க--As a medial, this letter has, when single, the sound of gk; when double, of kk. As an initial also it represents gh in certain words derived from the Sanscrit.
ச--This letter has, when single, the sound of s, sh, and the French g in âge; when double, it has the sound of ch. In words of Sanscrit origin, it represents the ja and cha of the Sanscrit alphabet.
த--This letter, when combined with ச, has the sound of the French n in Ange.
ட--This letter has, when single, the sound of d; when double, of ṭṭ, with a strong cerebral articulation.
த--As a medial, this letter has, when single, the sound of d; when double of tt. As an initial, also, it represents d in certain words of Sanscrit origin.
ந--This is the initial n. It is medial only before த.
ப--As a medial, this letter has, when single, the sound of b; when double, of pp. And in certain words of Sanscrit origin it has, as an initial also, the sound of b.
ழ--This letter is articulated somewhat like the hard ṛ of the Hindustani alphabet. It may be said to possess generally as a medial, the sound of r, and as a final, that of l, with a cerebral articulation.
ற--This letter has, when single, the sound of rr; and, when double, the sound of a double tt.
.... as ன் (n), ர் (r).
In the elegant dialect, a character written thus ஃ, and termed āyadam, is used in addition to the ordinary letters of the alphabet. It is not, strictly speaking, either a vowel or a consonant; but it has the power of a consonant; it is pronounced gutturally, and it lengthens the preceding syllable if short by nature: as இஃது (ighdu) "this," instead of இது (idu).
இ before the cerebrals, viz. ட [**assuming typo], ண, ழ, ள, ற, has an obscure sound, best expressed by a short u, and may be considered as nearly lost.
ஈ before the cerebrals, possesses nearly the sound of long u, though a practised ear distinguishes a peculiarity in its utterance.
The character [#] is the consonant s of the Grandonic alphabet.
Cardinal Numbers.
Figures. | |
---|---|
௧ | 1 |
௨ | 2 |
௩ | 3 |
௪ | 4 |
௫ | 5 |
௬ | 6 |
௭ | 7 |
௮ | 8 |
௯ | 9 |
௰ | 10 |
௰௧ | 11 |
௰௨ | 12 |
௰௩ | 13 |
௰௪ | 14 |
௰௫ | 15 |
௰௬ | 16 |
௰௭ | 17 |
௰௮ | 18 |
௰௯ | 19 |
௨௰ | 20 |
௨௰௧ | 21 |
௨௰௨ | 22 |
௨௰௩ | 23 |
௨௰௪ | 24 |
௨௰௫ | 25 |
௨௰௬ | 26 |
௨௰௭ | 27 |
௨௰௮ | 28 |
௨௰௯ | 29 |
௩௰ | 30 |
௩௰௧ | 31, &c. |
௪௰ | 40 |
௫௰ | 50 |
௬௰ | 60 |
௭௰ | 70 |
௮௰ | 80 |
௯௰ | 90 |
௱ | 100 |
௱௧ | 101, &c. |
௨௱ | 200 |
௩௱ | 300 |
௯௱ | 900 |
௲ or [#] | 1,000 |
௲௧ or [##] | 1,001, &c. |
௲௱ or [##] | 1,100, &c. |
௨௲ | 2,000 |
௰௲ | 10,000 |
௨௰௲ | 20,000 |
௱௲ | 1,00,000 |
௨௱௲ | 2,00,000 |
௨௱௱௲ | 20,00,000 |
௱௱௲ | 100,00,000, or10,000,000 |