User:Solol/Guidelines Sandbox/Proofreading on the Paragraph Level

Warning This is a draft of the revised proofreading guidelines. When proofreading at PGDP you should use the current proofreading guidelines located here.

Proofreading Guidelines
Proofreading Summary
Proofreading on the Character Level
Proofreading on the Paragraph Level
Proofreading on the Page Level
Miscellany
Common Problems
Index
Version TBAdded.

Line Breaks

Leave all line breaks in so that later in the process other volunteers can easily compare the lines in the text to the lines in the image. Be especially careful about this when rejoining hyphenated words or moving words around em-dashes. If the previous proofreader removed the line breaks, please replace them so that they once again match the image.

Extra blank lines that are not in the image should be removed except where we intentionally add them for proofreading. But blank lines at the bottom of the page are fine—these are removed when you save the page.

Chapter Headings

Proofread chapter headings as they appear in the image.

A chapter heading may start a bit farther down the page than the page header and won't have a page number on the same line. Chapter Headings are often printed all caps; if so, keep them as all caps.

Watch out for a missing double quote at the start of the first paragraph, which some publishers did not include or which the OCR missed due to a large capital in the image. If the author started the paragraph with dialog, insert the double quote.

Paragraph Spacing/Indenting

Put a blank line before the start of a paragraph, even if it starts at the top of a page. You should not indent the start of the paragraph, but if it is already indented don't bother removing those spaces—that can be done automatically during post-processing.

See the Sidenotes image/text for an example.

Page Headers/Page Footers

Remove page headers and page footers, but not footnotes, from the text.

The page headers are normally at the top of the image and have a page number opposite them. Page headers may be the same all through the book (often the title of the book and the author's name), they may be the same for each chapter (often the chapter number), or they may be different on each page (describing the action on that page). Remove them all, regardless, including the page number.

Page footers are at the bottom of the image and may contain a page number or other extraneous marks that are not part of what the author wrote.

A chapter heading will start further down the page and won't have a page number on the same line. See the example below.

Original Image:
Correctly Proofread Text:
In the United States?[*] In a railroad? In a mining company? In a bank? In a church? In a college? Write a list of all the corporations that you know or have ever heard of, grouping them under the heads public and private. How could a pastor collect his salary if the church should refuse to pay it? Could a bank buy a piece of ground "on speculation?" To build its banking-house on? Could a county lend money if it had a surplus? State the general powers of a corporation. Some of the special powers of a bank. Of a city. A portion of a man's farm is taken for a highway, and he is paid damages; to whom does said land belong? The road intersects the farm, and crossing the road is a brook containing trout, which have been put there and cared for by the farmer; may a boy sit on the public bridge and catch trout from that brook? If the road should be abandoned or lifted, to whom would the use of the land go? CHAPTER XXXV. Commercial Paper. Kinds and Uses.--If a man wishes to buy some commodity from another but has not the money to pay for it, he may secure what he wants by giving his written promise to pay at some future time. This written promise, or note, the seller prefers to an oral promise for several reasons, only two of which need be mentioned here: first, because it is prima facie evidence of the debt; and, second, because it may be more easily transferred or handed over to some one else. If J. M. Johnson, of Saint Paul, owes C. M. Jones, of Chicago, a hundred dollars, and Nelson Blake, of Chicago, owes J. M. Johnson a hundred dollars, it is plain that the risk, expense, time and trouble of sending the money to and from Chicago may be avoided, * The United States: "Its charter, the constitution. * * * Its flag the symbol of its power; its seal, of its authority."--Dole.

Illustrations

Proofread any caption text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks. If the caption falls in the middle of a paragraph, use blank lines to set it apart from the rest of the text. Treat lines such as "See Page 66" as part of the caption.

Most pages with an illustration but no text will already be marked with [Blank Page]. Leave this marking as is.

Original Image:
Correctly Proofread Text:
Martha told him that he had always been her ideal and that she worshipped him. Frontispiece Her Weight in Gold

Original Image: (Illustration in middle of paragraph)
Correctly Proofread Text:
such study are due to Italians. Several of these instruments have already been described in this journal, and on the present FIG. 1.--APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF HORIZONTAL SEISMIC MOVEMENTS. occasion we shall make known a few others that will serve to give an idea of the methods employed. For the observation of the vertical and horizontal motions of the ground, different apparatus are required. The

Footnotes/Endnotes

Proofread footnotes by leaving the text of the footnote at the bottom of the page and placing a tag where it is referenced in the text.

In the main text, the character that marks a footnote location should be surrounded with square brackets ([ and ]) and placed right next to the word being footnoted[1] or its punctuation mark,[2] as shown in the image and the two examples in this sentence. Footnote markers may be numbers, letters, or symbols. When footnotes are marked with a symbol or a series of symbols (*, †, ‡, §, etc.) we replace them all with [*] in the text, and * next to the footnote itself.

At the bottom of the page, proofread the footnote text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks. Be sure to use the same tag before the footnote as you used in the text where the footnote was referenced. Use just the character itself for the tag, without any brackets or other punctuation.

Place each footnote on a separate line in order of appearance. Separate each footnote with a blank line if there is more than one.

In some books, footnotes are separated from the main text by a horizontal line. We don't keep this so please just leave a blank line between the main text and the footnotes.

Endnotes are just footnotes that have been located together at the end of a chapter or at the end of the book, instead of on the bottom of each page. These are proofread in the same manner as footnotes. Where you find an endnote reference in the text, just surround it with [ and ]. If you are proofreading one of the pages with endnotes, put a blank line after each endnote so that it is clear where each begins and ends.

Footnotes in Tables should remain where they are in the original image.

Original Image:
The principal persons involved in this argument were Caesar*, former military leader and Imperator, and the orator Cicero† . Both were of the aristocratic (Patrician) class, and were quite wealthy. * Gaius Julius Caesar. † Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Correctly Proofread Text:
The principal persons involved in this argument were Caesar[*], former military leader and Imperator, and the orator Cicero[*]. Both were of the aristocratic (Patrician) class, and were quite wealthy. * Gaius Julius Caesar. * Marcus Tullius Cicero.

Original Footnoted Poetry:
Mary had a little lamb1     Whose fleece was white as snow And everywhere that Mary went     The lamb was sure to go! 1 This lamb was obviously of the Hampshire breed, well known for the pure whiteness of their wool.
Correctly Proofread Text:
Mary had a little lamb[1] Whose fleece was white as snow And everywhere that Mary went The lamb was sure to go! 1 This lamb was obviously of the Hampshire breed, well known for the pure whiteness of their wool.

Paragraph Side-Descriptions (Sidenotes)

Some books will have short descriptions of the paragraph along the side of the text. These are called sidenotes. Proofread the sidenote text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks (while handling end-of-line hyphenation and dashes normally). Leave a blank line before and after the sidenote so that it can be distinguished from the text around it. The OCR may place the sidenotes anywhere on the page, and may even intermingle the sidenote text with the rest of the text. Separate them so that the sidenote text is all together, but don't worry about the position of the sidenotes on the page.

Original Image:
Correctly Proofread Text:
Burning discs thrown into the air. that such as looked at the fire holding a bit of larkspur before their face would be troubled by no malady of the eyes throughout the year.[1] Further, it was customary at Würzburg, in the sixteenth century, for the bishop's followers to throw burning discs of wood into the air from a mountain which overhangs the town. The discs were discharged by means of flexible rods, and in their flight through the darkness presented the appearance of fiery dragons.[2] The Midsummer fires in Swabia. In the valley of the Lech, which divides Upper Bavaria from Swabia, the midsummer customs and beliefs are, or used to be, very similar. Bonfires are kindled on the mountains on Midsummer Day; and besides the bonfire a tall beam, thickly wrapt in straw and surmounted by a cross-piece, is burned in many places. Round this cross as it burns the lads dance with loud shouts; and when the flames have subsided, the young people leap over the fire in pairs, a young man and a young woman together. If they escape unsmirched, the man will not suffer from fever, and the girl will not become a mother within the year. Further, it is believed that the flax will grow that year as high as they leap over the fire; and that if a charred billet be taken from the fire and stuck in a flax-field it will promote the growth of the flax.[3] Similarly in Swabia, lads and lasses, hand in hand, leap over the midsummer bonfire, praying that the hemp may grow three ells high, and they set fire to wheels of straw and send them rolling down the hill. Among the places where burning wheels were thus bowled down hill at Midsummer were the Hohenstaufen mountains in Wurtemberg and the Frauenberg near Gerhausen.[4] At Deffingen, in Swabia, as the people sprang over the mid-* Omens drawn from the leaps over the fires. Burning wheels rolled down hill. 1 Op. cit. iv. 1. p. 242. We have seen (p. 163) that in the sixteenth century these customs and beliefs were common in Germany. It is also a German superstition that a house which contains a brand from the midsummer bonfire will not be struck by lightning (J. W. Wolf, Beiträge zur deutschen Mythologie, i. p. 217, § 185). 2 J. Boemus, Mores, leges et ritus omnium gentium (Lyons, 1541), p. 226. 3 Karl Freiherr von Leoprechting, Aus dem Lechrain (Munich, 1855), pp. 181 sqq.; W. Mannhardt, Der Baumkultus, p. 510. 4 A. Birlinger, Volksthümliches aus Schwaben (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1861-1862), ii. pp. 96 sqq., § 128, pp. 103 sq., § 129; id., Aus Schwaben (Wiesbaden, 1874), ii. 116-120; E. Meier, Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben (Stuttgart, 1852), pp. 423 sqq.; W. Mannhardt, Der Baumkultus, p. 510.

Multiple Columns

Proofread ordinary text that has been printed in multiple columns as a single column. Place the text from the left-most column first, the text from the next column below that, and so on. Do not mark where the columns were split, just join them together.

See also the Index and Table sections of the Proofreading Guidelines.

Tables

A proofreader's job is to be sure that all the information in a table is correctly proofread. Provide enough space between entries on a line to clearly indicate where each item ends and begins. Retain line breaks (while handling end-of-line hyphenation and dashes normally). Ignore any periods or asterisks (leaders) used to align the items.

Footnotes in tables should remain where they are in the image. See footnotes for details.

Original Image:
Correctly Proofread Text:
TABLE II. Flat strips compared Copper. Copper. with round wire 30 cm. Iron. Parallel wires 30 cm. in Iron. in length. length. Wire 1 mm. diameter 20 100 Wire 1 mm. diameter 20 100 STRIPS. SINGLE WIRE. 0.25 mm. thick, 2 mm. wide ...... 15 35 0.25 mm. diameter .... 16 48 Same, 5 mm. wide .... 13 20 Two similar wires ...... 12 30 " 10 " " 11 15 Four " " 9 18 " 20 " " 10 14 Eight " " 8 10 " 40 " " 9 13 Sixteen " " 7 6 Same strip rolled up in Same, 16 wires bound the form of wire .. 17 15 close together ..... 18 12

Original Image:
Correctly Proofread Text:
Agents. Objects. { 1st person, I, me, { 2d " thou, thee, Singular { " mas. { he, him, { 3d " fem. { she, her, { it, it. { 1st person, we, us, Plural { 2d " ye, or you, you, { 3d " they, them, who, whom.

Poetry/Epigrams

Insert a blank line at the start of the poetry or epigram and another blank line at the end, so that the formatters can clearly see the beginning and end.

Leave each line left justified and maintain the line breaks. Insert a blank line between stanzas, when there is one in the image.

Footnotes in poetry should be treated the same as regular footnotes during proofreading. Line Numbers in poetry should be kept.

Check the Project Comments for the specific project you are proofreading.

Original Image:
Correctly Proofread Text:
THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS This is the ship of pearl which, poets feign, Sails the unshadowed main,-- The venturous bark that flings On the sweet summer wind its purpled wings In gulfs enchanted, where the Siren sings And coral reefs lie bare, Where the cold sea maids rise to sun their streaming hair. Its webs of living gauze no more unfurl; Wrecked is the ship of pearl!

Line Numbers

Line numbers are common in books of poetry, and usually appear near the margin every fifth or tenth line. Keep line numbers, using a few spaces to separate them from the other text on the line so that the formatters can easily find them. Since poetry will not be reformatted in the e-book version, the line numbers will be useful to readers.

Single Word at Bottom of Page

Proofread this by deleting the word, even if it's the second half of a hyphenated word.

In some older books, the single word at the bottom of the page (called a "catchword", usually printed near the right margin) indicates the first word on the next page of the book (called an "incipit"). It was used to alert the printer to print the correct reverse (called "verso"), to make it easier for printers' helpers to make up the pages prior to binding, and to help the reader avoid turning over more than one page.