Aelfrics Grammatik

Notes for Ælfrics Grammatik und Glossar. If you see gibberish, make sure your browser is set for Unicode (UTF-8).

Cross-reference: EETS Proofing Guidelines

Weird Characters

No, not the editor, the letters he chose to use.

Looks Like	Means
ד	⁊	Tironian ampersand represented by Hebrew letter Dalet
đ	ð	letter eth represented by d with line
ʒ	ȝ/ᵹ	looks like an ezh, but means yogh, or possibly insular g

Critical Apparatus

Primary Rule: In critical apparatus there are no flyspecks.

Numbers

Superscript numerals mean line numbers. Full-size numerals mean pages. So the form ¹⁶-22³ means "from line 16 through line 3 of page 22". Full-size numerals followed by a period 2. are ordinals: "the second occurrence of..."

For proofing/formatting purposes, lone superscripts are treated as plain numbers, as if they were footnote references. Only the superscripts attached to page numbers get the superscript ^ treatment

Abbreviations and Symbols

For reasons best known to himself, Zupitza (Our Editor) chose to write his critical apparatus in German instead of the normal Latin. He apparently assumed we know what all his abbreviations stand for. The following list is not carved in stone.

Abbrev.	German	English
a.	1) anderer	(an)other, different
	2) auf	on (in a. r(asur), "on an erasure")
	3) am	at/on the (in a. rande, "in the margin")
abgek.	abgekürzt	abbreviated
abl.	ablativus	ablative
abs.	absatz	paragraph(-break)
acc.	accusativus	accusative
ae.	altenglisch??	Old English (i.e. insular, of letter-forms, as opposed to Frankish or continental)??
and.	anderer	same as a. (1)
anm.	anmerkung	note
b.	buchstabe?	same as buchst.?
bem.	bemerkung	comment
bez.	beziehungsweise	respectively
buchst.	buchstabe	letter
cas. obl.	casus obliqui	oblique cases
corr.	corrector, correctur	corrector, correction; normally denotes the hand of a scribe who systematically corrected a MS; 1. corr., 2. corr. etc. if more than one such hand is identifiable
d.	1) der, die, das ...	the
	2) dinte	ink; also tinte
dah.	dahinter	after it
dar., darü., darüb.	darüber	above it
dat.	dativus	dative
dem., demonstr.	demonstrativ	demonstrative
ders.	derselbe	same as ds.
drgl.	dergleichen	such
ds., dsb.	derselbe	the same
durchstr.	durchstrichen	crossed out
e.	etwas	something
eingefl.	eingeflickt	patched in
eingekl.	eingeklammert	bracketed
engl.	englisch	English
erg.	ergänzt	expanded
f.	1) fehlt	missing (i.e. omitted by the scribe)
	2) feminin	same as fem. (less commonly)
fem.	feminin	feminine
ff.	folgende	following (plural)
fg.	folgend	following
fol.	folio	folio (i.e. leaf)
fr.	fränkisch	same as fränk.
fragm.	fragment	fragment
fränk.	fränkisch	Frankish (i.e. continental, of letter-forms, as opposed to Old English or insular)
frz.	französisch	French
geb.	gebessert	improved
gen.	genitiv	genitive
get., getilg.	getilgt	deleted (by e.g. expunctuation, underlining or crossing out; but not, I think, by erasure)
gl.	glossator, glosse	glossator, gloss; normally denotes the hand of a scribe who systematically added glosses to a MS. (Gloss—a translation, especially a word-by-word translation written in the margin or between the lines.)
gleichz.	gleichzeitig	same as gz. (2)
Gr. lat. ed. Keil		Grammatici latini, ed. H. Keil, 8 vols., Leipzig 1855-1880
gz.	1) ganz	completely
	2) gleichzeitig	contemporary (less commonly, in gz. hd. "contemporary hand")
h.	1) hinter	after
	2) hand	same as hd. (less commmonly, in a. h. andere hand, "another hand")
hd.	hand	hand = scribe (does not mean that the scribe switched between his right and his left hand!)
hs(s).	handschrift(en)	manuscript(s)
i.	in	in (i. d. z. in der zeile, "inline")
jhd. (genitive jhds., jhdts.)	jahrhundert	century
k.	kein	no
lat.	latein	Latin
les., lesa.	lesart	reading
m.	1) mal	time
	2) mit	with
mod.	modern	modern
n.	neutrum	same as neutr.
nachgetr.	nachgetragen	added
nachtr., nachträg., nachträgl.	nachträglich	later (but I don't know how, say, foo nachtr. X differs from (foo) X or foo v. a. hd. X)
neutr.	neutrum	neuter
nom.	nominativus	nominative
o.	oder	or
part.	partizip	participle
perf.	perfekt	same as pf.
pers.	person	person
pf.	perfekt	perfect
pl.	plural	plural
possessivpron.	possessivpronomen	possessive pronoun
pron.	pronomen	pronoun
ps.	person	person
r.	1) rasur	erasure
	2) radiert	erased (less commonly)
	3) rot	red (perhaps at 18.21, 36.1 and 39.4 only, I think)
rad.	radiert	erased (i.e. scraped off the parchment with a knife)
rubr.	rubricator	rubricator (the scribe who filled in the large coloured initials)
s.	siehe	see
sg., sing.	singular	singular
sp.	später	later
st.	statt	instead of
sup.	supinum	supine
t.	1) teil	part (z. t. zum teil, "partly")
	2) tinte	ink (a. t. andere tinte, "different ink"); also dinte
u.	1) und	and
	2) unten	below (v. u. von unten, "from the bottom"); perhaps only at 158.11
ü.	1) über	over, above
	2) übersetzung	translation (ü. f. übersetzung fehlt, "translation missing", i.e. this MS has the Latin text without the Anglo-Saxon part; not to be confused with überschrift f. written out, meaning that the section header is missing in this MS)
übers.	übersetzung	same as ü. (2)
überschr.	überschrift	heading
übr.	übrigen	remainder, all the other MSS
undeutl.	undeutlich	indistinct
unlesb.	unlesbar	unreadable
unt.	unterer	lower
unvollst.	unvollständig	incomplete(ly)
urspr., ursprüngl.	ursprünglich	original(ly)
usw.	und so weiter	et cetera
v.	1) von	of, by, from
	2) vor	before (very occasionally: I've noticed only 133.6 and 136.1)
verb., verbess.	verbessert	improved
verbl.	verblasst	faded
verweisungsz.	verweisungszeichen	direction sign
vgl.	vergleiche	compare
voc.	vocativus	vocative
vollst.	vollständig	complete
vor.		(at 65.1, typo for vor without dot; cf. other examples of vor ü. W)
vorh.	vorhergehend?	same as vorherg.?
vorherg.	vorhergehend	preceding
w.	1) wort	word
	2) weiteres	further (bis auf w., "until further notice"); perhaps only at 165.1
weggeschn.	weggeschnitten	cut away
z.	1) zeile	line (in d. z. in der zeile, "inline"; ü. d. z. über der zeile, "above the line")
	2) zu	to (z. t. zum teil, "partly")
zw.	1) zweiter	second
	2) zwischen	between
(text)		text at first omitted by the scribe then added above the line
[text]		text missing because of damage to the manuscript: [foo--17 b]ar Q: everything from foo on the current line to the first letter of bar on line 17 is missing from MS Q
:		a letter erased by the scribe
|		("pipe" character or single vertical line) denotes a line end in the MS: gað | gað R: the scribe of R wrote gað at the end of a line and then (mistakenly) repeated it at the start of the next line.

The Manuscripts

Our Editor gives the following list in his Vorläufiges Vorwort. He does not seem to have gotten around to writing the real Vorwort; the text we have is labeled Erste Abteilung: Text und Varianten.

A = hs. von All Souls' College zu Oxford;
C = hs. von Corpus Christi College zu Cambridge;
D = hs. der Cathedral Library zu Durham;
F = hs. der Cottonschen sammlung, Faustina;
H = hs. der Harleyschen sammlung;
h = eine zweite hs. derselben sammlung;
J = eine zweite hs. der Cottonschen sammlung, Julius;
O = hs. von St. John's College zu Oxford;
P = Pariser hs.;
R = ein codex regius des Brit. Museums;
r = ein zweiter codex regius;
S = hs. zu Sigmaringen;
T = hs. von Trinity College zu Cambridge;
U = hs. der University Library zu Cambridge;
W = hs. der Cathedral Library zu Worcester.

In more detail:

• A: Oxford, All Souls' College MS. 38; 11th c.; ff. I-VI and i-vi, leaves from the same copy as r, reused as flyleaves (97.14-105.7, 120.3-152.8)
• C: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS. 449; early 11th c.; ff. 42-96, incomplete (111.16-end)
• D: Durham Cathedral Library MS. B. III. 32; 11th c., Canterbury; ff. 56-127, grammar only without glossary (up to 296)
• F: London, British Library MS. Cotton Faustina A. x; 11th c., with 12th c. Norman French glosses; ff. 3-101, incomplete (3.20-252.16, 256.7-277.5, 280.13-end)
• H: London, British Library MS. Harley 107; 11th c., ??Worcester; ff. 1-71v, incomplete (start-264.2, 282.13-299.11, 318.7-end)
• h: London, British Library MS. Harley 3271; early 11th c.; ff. 7-90, grammar only without glossary (up to 296)
• J: London, British Library MS. Cotton Julius A. ii; 11th c.; ff. 9-134, incomplete (6.4-18.11, 20.18-end)
• O: Oxford, St. John's College MS. 154; early 11th c., Durham; ff. 1-160, complete
• P: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale MS. anglais 67; early 11th c.; ff. 1-2v, one bifolium (193.13-202.4)
• R: London, British Library MS. Royal 15 B. xxii; 11th c.; ff. 5-70v, grammar only without glossary, incomplete (up to 295.19)
• r: London, British Library MS. Royal 12 G. xii; 11th c.; seven leaves and part of an eighth, from the same copy as A (ff. 2-3 = 194.1-201.13; ff. 4-5 = 217.17-226.3; f. 6 = 236.12-240.3; ff. 7-8 = 48.11-58.2; f. 9 = 246.4-6, 18-20, 247.10-12, 248.4-5)
• S: Formerly Sigmaringen, now Bloomington, Indiana, Lilly Library MS. Add. 1000; early 11th c.; one cropped leaf (201.6-202.6, 202.12-203.14)
• T: Cambridge, Trinity College MS. R. 9. 17; 11/12th c., with 12th c. Norman French glosses, and the prefaces in a 16th c. hand; ff. 1-44v, grammar only without glossary, incomplete (4.3-6.3, 8.6-191.5, 197.1-242.8, 249.2-280.15)
• U: Cambridge University Library MS. Hh. 1. 10; 11th c., Exeter; ff. 1-93v, incomplete (up to 298.7)
• W: Worcester Cathedral Library MS. F. 174; early 13th c., Worcester; ff. 1-63, incomplete (4.6-8.9, 30.15-end)

Not used by our Editor is:

• London, British Library MS. Harley 5915; early 11th c.; ff. 8-9, one cropped bifolium from the same copy as S

Images of the MSS:

C: all page images available online!
h: all page images available online!
O: all page images available online!
H: f. 63r = 252.9-254.10
R: f. 65r = 289.6-290.3, on page 2 of this document
U: one page = 151.4-20

A Sample Page

Page 33: main text and critical apparatus.

Main Text

Formatting

The first few lines of the main text, proofed and formatted. This is not carved in stone. If you think you know a better way to format it, it may be because you do. The “translation” and “expanded” sections are included purely for the proofer/formatter’s information. You do not have to do this in the actual project!

geendjað grêcisce naman and <sc>NEVTRI GENERIS</sc>: <sc>NOMINATIVO</sc>
<i>hoc poema</i> <g>ðes lêoðcræft</g>, <sc>GENITIVO</sc> <i>huius poematis</i>
<g>ðises lêoðcræftes</g>, <sc>DATIVO</sc> <i>huic poemati</i> <g>ðisum lêoðcræfte</g>,
<sc>ACCVSATIVO</sc> <i>hoc poema</i> <g>þisne lêoðcræft</g>, <sc>VOCATIVO</sc>
<i>o poema</i> <g>êalâ ðû lêoðcræft</g>, <sc>ABLATIVO</sc> <i>ab hoc poemate</i>      5

Translation

Greek nouns of the neuter gender end with it: nominative
hoc poema "this poem", genitive huius poematis
"of this poem", dative huic poemati "for this poem",
accusative hoc poema "this poem", vocative
o poema "O thou poem!", ablative ab hoc poemate
"from this poem"; and in the plural nominative
haec poemata "these poems", genitive horum poematum
"of these poems", dative his poematibus "for these
poems", accusative haec poemata "these poems",
vocative o poemata "O ye poems!",
ablative ab his poematibus "from these poems".
These nouns go likewise: hoc cauma "heat", thema "subject",
scema "form", onoma "name", malagma "poultice",
agalma "image", aenigma "riddle", plasma "creation",
baptisma "baptism", dogma "teaching", scisma "split" et his similia
and the like.

Critical Apparatus

Formatting

1 nama <i>J</i> || -tiuus <i>O</i> 2 ti <i>ü. d. z. hinter</i> poema <i>a. hd. (aber wider
ausradiert) h</i> || þis <i>U, f. T</i> || leoðcr. <i>gl. T</i> || -tiuus <i>H,</i> geniter <i>urspr.
(corr. v. a. hd.) J</i> 3--11 <i>ü. f. T</i> 3 þisses <i>J</i> || iuo <i>v.</i> dat. <i>a. hd.
ü. radiertem</i> er <i>O</i> || þissum <i>J</i> 4 -cræft <i>F</i> || accusater <i>urspr. (corr.
v. a. hd.) J,</i> acu- (a <i>auf r.</i>) <i>F,</i> -ussa- <i>Fh</i> || uocatur <i>(von a. hd. corr.)
bis 5</i> l. <i>hinter dem nominativ J</i> || <i>erstes</i> a <i>in</i> abl. <i>auf r. F</i> || poema
<i>J</i> 6 þissum <i>J</i> || nomen <i>v. a. hd. zu</i> nominatiuo <i>O,</i> nominater <i>zu</i>
nomina[=t] <i>(v. a. hd.) J, f. T</i> 7 poema <i>DH</i> || --11 <i>ü. f. W</i> || genitiuo] <i>wie 2
J</i> 8 þisra <i>J</i> || dater <i>J</i> || his [p.--9 poemata] <i>W</i> || þissum <i>JU</i> 9 acu-
<i>DF,</i> -ussa- <i>U,</i> accusater <i>J</i> 10 -craftas <i>O</i> || uoc. <i>bis</i> -cræftas <i>f. O</i> || uocatiuus
<i>H</i> 11 abblatiuo <i>U,</i> ablater <i>urspr. (corr. v. a. hd.) J</i> || p[oematibus--12]
hoc <i>W</i> || þissum <i>J,</i> ðisum <i>ü. getilgtem</i> ðam <i>1. corr. h</i>
12 nama <i>J, f. T</i> || <i>über</i> hoc c. sw. <i>steht</i> urens ardor. i. hal hlea
<i>gl. U</i> || swolað <i>U,</i> þes swolaþ <i>J,</i> swoli <i>W,</i> w <i>(von a. hd.?) auf r.
F,</i> <g>["c]alur</g> <i>gl. T</i> || <i>über</i> thema <i>noch</i> uel materia <i>gl. U, dahinter</i> i.
materia <i>W</i> || ontimber <i>F,</i> mæiri[=e] <i>gl. T</i> 13 [scema--onoma] <i>W</i> || --15
<i>stehen ü. den lat. w. der reihe nach</i> figura, nomen, supersanatio,
imago, obscura, creatura <i>(über</i> baptisma <i>nichts),</i> dogctrina, discordia
<i>gl. U</i> || --cliða <i>ü. als gl. T</i> || maligma <i>H</i> || cllþa (?) <i>W</i> 14 [anl.--pla]sma
<i>W</i> || -nyss <i>oder</i> -nys <i>DFhJRU,</i> <g>imagine</g> <i>gl. T</i> || enigma
problema rædels <i>J</i> || ræd. <i>u.</i> gesc. <i>gl. T</i> 15 fulwiht <i>H, f. T</i> || [dogma--sim]ilia
<i>W</i> || dohma <i>h</i> || lâr <i>f. T</i> || geflit <i>gl. T</i> || his <i>f. T</i> || a. þ. g.
<i>f. TW</i> 16 þyssum <i>J</i>

Expanded

Here, each item is shown on a separate line, and all abbreviations have been expanded.

1	nama J
	-tiuus O
2	ti über der zeile hinter poema anderer hand (aber wider ausradiert) h
	þis U, fehlt T
	leoðcræft glosse T
	-tiuus H, geniter ursprünglich (corrigiert von anderer hand) J
3—11	übersetzung fehlt T
3	þisses J
	iuo von datiuo anderer hand über radiertem er O
	þissum J
4	-cræft F
	accusater ursprünglich (corrigiert von anderer hand) J, acu- (a auf rasur) F, -ussa- Fh
	uocatur (von anderer hand corrigiert) bis
5	lêoðcræft hinter dem nominativ J
	erstes a in ablativo auf rasur F
	poema J
6	þissum J
	nomen von anderer hand zu nominatiuo O, nominater zu nomina[=t] (von anderer hand) J, fehlt T
7	poema DH
	—11 übersetzung fehlt W
	genitiuo] wie 2 J
8	þisra J
	dater J
	his [poematibus—9 poemata] W
	þissum JU
9	acu- DF, -ussa- U, accusater J
10	-craftas O
	uocatiuo bis -cræftas fehlt O
	uocatiuus H
11	abblatiuo U, ablater ursprünglich (corrigiert von anderer hand) J
	p[oematibus—12] hoc W
	þissum J, ðisum über getilgtem ðam 1. corrector h
12	nama J, fehlt T
	über hoc cauma swôloð steht urens ardor. i. hal hlea glosse U
	swolað U, þes swolaþ J, swoli W, w (von anderer hand?) auf rasur F, ["c]alur glosse T
	über thema noch uel materia glosse U, dahinter i. materia W
	ontimber F, mæiri[=e] glosse T
13	[scema—onoma] W
	—15 stehen über den lateinischen wörtern der reihe nach figura, nomen, supersanatio, imago, obscura, creatura (über baptisma nichts), dogctrina, discordia glosse U
	—cliða über als glosse T
	maligma H
	cllþa (?) W
14	[anlîcness—pla]sma W
	-nyss oder -nys DFhJRU, imagine glosse T
	enigma problema rædels J
	rædels und gesceaft glosse T
15	fulwiht H, fehlt T
	[dogma—sim]ilia W
	dohma h
	lâr fehlt T
	geflit glosse T
	his fehlt T
	and þisum gelîce fehlt TW
16	þyssum J

Translation

Line 1	nama J
	-tiuus O
2	ti above the line after poema in another hand (but then erased again) h
	þis U, omitted from T
	leoðcræft gloss in T
	-tiuus H, geniter originally (corrected by another hand) J
3—11	translation omitted from T
3	þisses J
	iuo of datiuo in another hand above an erased er O
	þissum J
4	-cræft F
	accusater originally (corrected by another hand) J, acu- (a over an erasure) F, -ussa- Fh
	uocatur (corrected by another hand) up to ...
5	lêoðcræft after the nominative J
	the first a in ablatiuo over an erasure F
	poema J
6	þissum J
	nomen changed by another hand to nominatiuo O, nominater to nomina[=t] (by another hand) J, omitted from T
7	poema DH
	—line 11 translation omitted from W
	genitiuo] as for line 2 J
8	þisra J
	dater J
	his [poematibus—line 9 poemata] W (i.e. everything from poematibus on l. 8 to poemata on l. 9 missing because of damage to the manuscript)
	þissum JU
9	acu- DF, -ussa- U, accusater J
10	-craftas O
	uocatiuo to -cræftas omitted from O
	uocatiuus H
11	abblatiuo U, ablater originally (corrected by another hand) J
	p[oematibus—line 12] hoc W (i.e. everything after the first letter of poematibus on l. 11 and before hoc on l. 12 missing because of damage to the manuscript)
	þissum J, ðisum above a crossed out ðam 1st corrector of h
12	nama J, omitted from T
	above hoc cauma swôloð is urens ardor. i. hal hlea gloss in U
	swolað U, þes swolaþ J, swoli W, w (in another hand?) over an erasure F, ["c]alur gloss in T
	above thema also uel materia gloss in U, after it i. materia W
	ontimber F, mæiri[=e] gloss in T
13	[scema—onoma] W (i.e. those words missing because of damage)
	—line 15 above the Latin words are respectively figura, nomen, supersanatio, imago, obscura, creatura (nothing above baptisma), dogctrina, discordia gloss in U
	—cliða above as a gloss in T
	maligma H
	cllþa (?) W
14	[anlîcness—pla]sma W
	-nyss or -nys DFhJRU, imagine gloss in T
	enigma problema rædels J
	rædels and gesceaft gloss in T
15	fulwiht H, omitted from T
	[dogma—sim]ilia W
	dohma h
	lâr omitted from T
	geflit gloss in T
	his omitted from T
	and þisum gelîce omitted from TW
16	þyssum J