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.dt The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mysteryes of Nature and Art, by John Bate
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[Illustration]
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.bn 001.png

.h1
THE|MYSTERYES OF|NATVRE AND ART

.sp 4
.if h
.il fn=cover.jpg w=541px alt='THE MYSTERYES OF NATVRE AND ART'
.if-

// .if t
.nf c
THE
MYSTERYES OF
NATVRE AND ART:
<i>Conteined in foure
severall Tretises, The first of </i>water<i>
workes, The second of </i>Fyer<i> workes,
The third of </i>Drawing<i>, Colouring,
</i>Painting<i>, and Engrauing, The
fourth of divers Experiments, as wel
serviceable as delightful: partly
Collected, and partly of the Authors
Peculiar Practice, and
Invention</i>
<i>by</i>
<i>I . B</i>

<i>Imprinted at London for Ralph Mab and are to be sold by John Jackson
and Francis Church at the Kings armes in Cheapeside 1634.</i>
.nf-
// .if-

.bn 002.png
.bn 003.png
.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_003.png 367px 'TO THE READER'

.nf c
<l><i>TO THE READER.</i></l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.di drop_cap_003.png 160 153 0.7
Courteous Reader, this
ensuing Treatise hath
lien by mee a long time,
penned, but in a confused
and undigested manner,
as I gathered it, practised, or found
it out by industry and experience. It
was not in my minde to have as yet exposed
it to the publique view: but being
sollicited by the intreaties of some, and
those not a few, to impart to each particular
person what his <i>Genius</i> most affected;
I was enforced as well for the satisfying
of their requests, as for the avoydance
.bn 004.png
of many inconveniences, to
dispose in some order such Experiments
as for the present I was content to impart.
Expect no elegancy of phrase, for
my time would not afford that, (nor
indeed my selfe to be the transcriber.)
I endeavored as much as I could, to
write in plaine termes, that in regard of
the easinesse thereof it might suit with
the meanest capacity. The whole book
consisteth of foure parts: The first
whereof treateth of Water-workes.
The second of Fire-workes. The third
of Drawing, Painting, Graving, and
Etching. The fourth and last part treateth
of severall Experiments, as well serviceable
as delightfull: which because
they are confusedly intermixed, I have
entituled them <i>Extravagants</i>.

Now my chiefest ayme and end being
the generall good, I could wish a generall
.bn 005.png
acceptance, but that is too uncertaine
to expect: I will content my selfe
that I am already certaine that these my
first and weak endeavours will finde acceptance
with some, and I hope also
with all honest and indifferent Readers;
as for others, hap as hap may be, it is
not to be doubted, but that I shall scape
as well as many my betters have done
before me. Farewell.

.nf b
<i>Your Wellwiller</i>,
.rj
<i>I. B.</i>
.nf-
.bn 006.png
.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_006.png 464px alt='To my friend the Authour'

.nf c
<l>To my friend the Authour, upon his Mysteries
of Nature and Art.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.nf b
<i>When I scan over with a busy eye
The timely fruits of thy vast industry,
Observing how thou searchest out the heart
Of Knowledge, through th' untrodden pathes of Art,
How easily thy active minde discries
Natures obscure and hidden rarities,
No greater wonder than thy selfe I finde,
The chiefest rarity's thy active minde,
Which so fore-runs thy age. Thy forward spring
Buds forth betimes, and thou art publishing
Ev'n in the morning of thy day, so soone,
What others are to learne till th' afternoone.
Now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast
To publick censure, and the Dy is cast,
Doubt not of good successe: the early rose
(Thou knowst) is snatcht at, ev'n before it blowes.
Climbe higher yet; let thy quick-sighted eyes
Venture againe for new discoveries:
Nor be thou mizer-like, so envious,
As to detaine what ere thou find'st, from us;
No, make the world thy debtor; be thou still
As open-handed to impart thy skill,
As now thou art; and may thy teeming braine
Bring often forth such lusty Births againe.</i>

.rj
R. O.
.nf-
.bn 007.png
.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_007.png 444px 'Of Water-works.'

.nf c
<l><i>Of Water-works.</i></l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.di drop_cap_007.png 120 112 0.7
It hath been an old saying amongst
Philosophers, and experience doth
prove it to be true, <i>Non datur vacuum</i>,
that is to say, Nature will not
admit of any vacuity, or emptinesse. For some
one or other of the Elements, but especially
Ayre, and Water doe insert themselves into all
manner of concavities, or hollownesses, in, or
upon the earth, whether they are such as are
formed either by Art or Nature. For the one it
is so obvious, and manifest, as that it needs not
any proofe at all. As for the other, I shall make
it manifest unto you by easie demonstration.
Let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse, or
other, having besides the mouth another
hole (though but a little one) at the top: poure
water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into
the mouth of it, and you shall finde that as the
water runneth into the vessell, a winde will
.bn 008.png
come forth of the little hole, sufficient to blow
out a candle being held over it. This proveth,
that before the water was poured into the vessell
(though to our sight it appeared to bee empty)
it was full of ayre, which forced out of the vessell
as the water ran in; and the reason hereof
is, because the water is by nature of a massie, subtill,
substance; and the ayre of a windy, light, evaporative
nature: The knowledge of this, with
the rarifaction of inclosed ayre, is the ground
and foundation of divers excellent experiments
not unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious
Artist whatsoever.
.bn 009.png
.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_009.png 455px 'Contents of the first booke.'

.nf c
<l>The order of the things contayned in
the first booke.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.nf b // ids are created
<i>#Experiments of drawing water by the Crane.:drawing_crane#</i>
<i>#Experiments of drawing water by Engins.:drawing_engins#</i>
<i>#Experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed.:forcing_ayre#</i>
<i>#Experiments of forcing water by Engins.:forcing_engins#</i>
<i>#Experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water.:sounds_ayre_and_water#</i>
<i>#Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire.:sounds_evaporation#</i>
<i>#Experiments of producing sounds by Engins.:sounds_engins#</i>
<i>#Experiments of motions by evaporating water.:motions_water#</i>
<i>#Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre.:motions_ayre#</i>
.nf-
.bn 010.png
.bn 011.png
.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_011_a.png 423px 'Of Water-workes.'

.nf c
<l>Of Water-workes.</l>
.nf-

<target id='drawing_crane'>
.pm cho
<i>To draw water by a Crane.</i>
.pm chc

.di drop_cap_011.png 120 111 0.7
Take any vessell, of what bignes you please,
fill it with water, then take a Crane (that
is a crooked hollow Cane) one end wherof, let
be somewhat longer then the other;
put the shorter end of it into the vessell of
water, and let the longer end hang out of
the vessell, unto which longer end, put your mouth, and
draw in your breath, and the water
will follow; then withdraw your
mouth, and you shall see the water
runne so long, till it come equall to
that end of the Cane which is within
the vessell.

.il fn=illustration_011_b.png w=142px alt=''
// .ca Water Vessel and Crane

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a deep vessel, having two loopes on one of the
sides, fill it nigh full with water: then take a hollow
Cane, like unto the aforesayd, but let there bee fastned
unto the shorter end a wooden dish; put the longer end
.bn 012.png
heereof through the loopes on the
side, and that end that hath the dish
fastned unto it into the vessell of water,
with your mouth as you did in the
former, draw out the ayre, and you
shall see that as the water runneth out,
the Crane will sinke lower and lower,
and so will continue running untill the
vessell bee drawen empty.

.il fn=illustration_012_a.png w=137px alt=''
// .ca Water Vessel and Floating Crane

.pm cho
<i>How to make a conceited pot, which being filled with
water, will of it selfe run all out; but not being
filled will not run out.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Make, or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best
liketh your mind, and make a large hollow cane to
stand up in the midst thereof; having at the bottome 2
or 3 small holes; let the top of this cane be close: then
make a hole in the bottome of the vessell, and put up a
little cane hollow at both ends, into the other cane, so that
the one end therof may almost touch the top of the great
cane, and it is done. Note, that if you put into this vessel
so much liquor, that it swimme above the top of the cane,
it will of its owne accord, run and never cease so long as
there is any liquor in the vessell; but if you
fill it below the cane, it will not run at all of
it selfe: the reason whereof is this; the ayre
being the lighter element, doth ascend into
the higher place, but being drawne as in
the two first demonstrations out of the
Crane, or forced, as in this, by the weight of the water in
the vessell, the water then tendeth downewards unto its
proper place.

.il fn=illustration_012_b.png w=70px alt=''
// .ca Conceited Pot

.bn 013.png

.pm cho
<i>How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot, that so much
wine may runne out of the one, as you shall put
water into the other.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let A, B, C, D, be the foot, at each end whereof, place
a vessell equall in bignesse, the one to the other; as
D, E; also let there passe a hollow cane from the one to
the other, as A, R, A, the ends whereof must almost touch
the tops of the sayde
vessels; in the vessell
D, there must bee a
hollow pipe, as F,
whereby you may by
help of a tunnel powr
water into the vessell:
also in the vessell E,
there must be a crane,
as G; now if you fill
the vessel E with wine
almost unto the top
of the crane, and afterwards
stoppe the
mouth of the vessell,
that the ayre may not
breath foorth, it will not run of it selfe: but if you put
water into the vessell D, the ayre contayned in it, will
passe through the hollow pipe, A, R, A, into the vessel E,
where striving for a greater quantity of roome, it presseth
the wine out of the vessell E, (by the crane) answerable
in quantity unto the water powred into the vessell D.

.il fn=illustration_013.png w=286px alt=''
// .ca Two Vessels

.bn 014.png

.pm cho
<i>How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot, the one being
empty, and the other almost full of wine, and yet shall
not runne out of the vessell, unlesse you fill the
empty vessel with water, and then the
one shall run pure wine, the other
fayre water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there bee 2 vessels placed upon one foot, having a
hollow cane passing from one to the other (as I taught
in the precedent probleme) but let there bee 2 cranes as
F, G, one in each vessell; then fill one of the vessels with
wine, but
not above
the crane, so
it will not
runne of it
selfe: but if
you powre
water into
the other
vessell, untill it bee full, it will cause that wine shall runne
out of the one, and cleare water out of the other.

.il fn=illustration_014.png w=368px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>To make that the water conteined in one vessell, shal
ascend into another vessell placed above it.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let A, B, C, D, bee a vessell having a partition in the
middle, as E, F, let there be placed upon this vessell, a
Cylinder of Glasse cleare, and very transparant, that will
contayne the same quantity of water, that one of the partitions
.bn 015.png
will, as I, G, H; in the lowermost partition towards
the bottome, let there bee a cocke, and out of the
same vessell let two pipes be made to passe, the one wherof
reacheth almost unto the top of the Cylinder, the other
must come out by the side of the Cylinder: also out
of the upper partition
there must come
another pipe. Moreover
there must be a
hole, through the
top of the uppermost
partition as Y.
Fill the lower partition
at the pipe, also
the upper partition
by the hole Y: note
then that if you turn
the cocke as the water
runneth out of
the lower partition,
the water contained
in the upper partition
wil ascend throgh
the pipe into the glasse Cylinder. When all the water in
the lower partition is runne out at the cocke, then the water
which before did ascend into the Cylinder, will fall
backe againe into the upper partition: after this manner
may you compose an artificiall water clocke, if you note
the howres upon the Cylinder, and make the cocke after
such manner, as that the water may issue out but by
droppes.

.il fn=illustration_015.png w=292px alt=''

.bn 016.png

.pm cho
<i>To make a cup or vessell that so oft as you take the
liquor out of it, so oft it shall fill it selfe,
but never runne over.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Svppose A to bee a vessell full of water, having a pipe
comming from the bottome, and rising up into a cup
of the just height that the vessell is of; over the vessell fild
with water, let there be placed another vessel, as E. From
this vessell
must come
a pipe, and
reach with
in the other
vessell.
Now ouer
this vessell
there hangeth,
as it
were, the
beame of a
scale; at the
one ende
whereof, is
fastened a
peece of
boord, hauing
a leather
nayled
upon the
top; at the
.bn 017.png
other end of this beame must hang a weight, but not full
so heauie as the peece of boord lethered is. Fill both these
vessells with water, and the cup also; note then, that if you
sucke out the water in the cup by the pipe on the side of
it, the water in the vessell will come into it, untill it is in
both of equall height: now as the water falleth downe in
A, the peece of boord that is hanged unto one end of the
beame falleth after it (because it is heauier then the
weight) and so giueth way unto the water in E, which
runneth into it; and when the vessell is filled againe with
water, it beareth up the sayd peece of boord against the
pipe of the vessell E, so that the water can run out thereat
no longer, except the water bee againe drawne out of the
cup.

.il fn=illustration_016.png w=361px alt=''

<target id='drawing_engins'>
.pm cho
<i>Of drawing water by Engines.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Before I begin with these, take a word or two by the
way. Let it bee a generall notion that no engine for
water workes of what sort soeuer, whether for seruice, or
meere pleasure, can be made without the help of Succurs,
Forcers, or Clackes; euery of which, I haue orderly explayned
both by words and demonstratiue figures.

.il fn=illustration_018_a.png w=39px alt=''

A Succur is a box, which is made of brasse (hauing no
bottome) in the middest of which, there is a small bar goeth
crosse, the same hauing a hole in the middle of it; this
box hath a lid so exactly fitted unto it, that being put into
it, no ayre nor water can passe betweene the creuise: this
couer hath a little button on the top, and a seame that goeth
into the box, and so through the hole of the aforesayd
crosse barre, and afterwards it hath a little button riueted
.bn 018.png
on it, so that it may with ease flip up and downe,
but not be taken, or flip quite out.

.il fn=illustration_018_b.png w=107px alt=''

A Forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered
about; the end that goeth into the barrell,
is semicircularly concaue.

.il fn=illustration_018_c.png w=61px alt=''

A Clacke is a peece of Leather nayled ouer any hole,
hauing a peece of lead to make it lie close, so that
the ayre or water in any vessell may thereby bee
kept from going out.

.pm cho
<i>How to harden Leather, so as the same shall last much
longer in succurs of Pumps, then it doth
unprepared.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Lay such Leather as is well tanned to soake in water,
wherein there hath beene store of iron filings a long
time, or else in the water that hath lien a long time under
a grindstone, into the which such yron as hath beene from
time to time ground away, hath fallen and there setled.

.pm cho
<i>The making of a Pumpe to draw water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Svppose A B C were a deepe Wel, wherein you would
make a Pumpe to draw water to the surface or superficies
of the earth. First therefore you must prouide a pipe
of Lead, or a peece of timber bored through, so long as
will reach unto the bottome of the Well: that part that
standeth in the water must bee cut with two or three
arches, as it were, if it be wood; if Leade, it must haue
somewhat to beare it a little from the bottome, that the
water may thereby bee let into the pipe. Towards the
.bn 019.png
bottome of the pipe in the water there must bee fastned a
succur; also another of these succurs must be fastned about
two foot aboue the top of the
ground; then haue a bucket
fitted unto the hole of the wood
or leaden pipe; let it bee well
leathered about, and haue a
clacke at the bottome of it, and
let it bee hanged with a sweepe
as the figure sheweth: note that
after you haue filled the distance
betweene the lower succur, and
the bucket with water, that if
you lift up the sweepe, it will
thrust downe the bucket upon
the water, and presse it, the water
being pressed upon by the
bucket, beareth up the clacke,
and comes into the bucket; then
if you pull downe the sweepe,
the clacke shutteth, and so the
water remaynes in the bucket,
which being drawen upward,
there being nothing to follow
but water, both the succurs
open, and there commeth into
the pump so much water as the
buckets drew out.

.il fn=illustration_019.png w=218px alt=''

.bn 020.png

.pm cho
<i>The making of an Engin, whereby you may draw water
out of a deepe Well, or mount any River water,
to be conveyed to any place within three or foure
miles of the same. Also it is used in great
ships which I have seene.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Svppose A B C D to be a deepe Well, and E F to be a
strong peece of timber fastned athwart the same, a
good way in the water. In this
planke let there bee fastened a
peece of timber with a strong
wheele in it, as G H, hauing
strong yron spikes droue athwart
the wheele within the
creuise, and strongly riueted on
each side: let them be three or
foure inches distant from each
other. Let there bee likewise
made in the sayde planke two
holes, in which set two hollow
posts, that may reach to the top
of the Well, or so much higher
as you desire to mount the water;
let them bee made fast that
they stirre not. In the bottom
of one of these posts, there must
be fastned a barrell of brasse, as
G H, made very smooth within,
and betwixt those two posts
at the top; let there bee fastned unto them both another
.bn 021.png
peece of strong timber to hold them fast, lest they start asunder;
and in the midst of that make a mortice, and in it
fasten a strong peece of timber with a wheele like to the
former mentioned; the pin whereof ought to bee made
fast unto the wheele, and haue a crooked handle to turne
about, that by turning of it, you may turne the wheele
also. Then prouide a strong yron chayne of length sufficient,
hauing on euery third or fourth linke a peece of
horne, that will easily goe through the brasse barrell, and
a leather of each side of it, but somewhat broader then
the horne; put this chayne under the lower wheele in
the Well upon both the hollow posts, draw it ouer the
upper wheele, and linke it fast and straight. Turn then the
handle round, and it will turne the chayne round, whose
leathers comming up the brasse barrell, will beare the water
before them; this goeth very strongly, and therefore
had neede bee made with wheeles and wrought upon by
horses, for so the water is wrought up at Broken Wharfe
in London.

.il fn=illustration_020.png w=212px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>To make an Engin, which being placed in water will
cast the same with violence on high.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be prepared a strong table, with a sweepe fastened
at the one end thereof, to lift up and downe;
unto the end of the sweepe, let there be linked a peece of
yron hauing two rods of length sufficient; let there bee
made a hole quite through the midst of this table, whose
diameter let be about fiue or six inches; then prouide two
peeces of brasse in forme of hattes, but let the brim of the
uppermost be but about one inch broad, and haue diuers
little holes round about it; also in the crown of this must
.bn 022.png
bee placed
a large succur,
and ouer
it a half
globe, from
the top of
which,
must proceed
a hollow
trunke
aboute a
yard long,
and of a
good wide
bore; then
take good
liquored
leather, 2
or 3 times
double, &
put betweene
the
board and the brims of this, and with diuers little screws
put through the holes of the brimme, screw it fast unto
the top of the table. Note that the table must bee leathered
also underneath the compasse of the brimme of the
lower brasse. Now the lowermost brasse must be of equal
diameter (in hollownesse) unto the other, but it must be
more spirall towards the bottome, and must haue eyther
a large clacke or succur fastned in it; also the brim of this
must be larger then that of the uppermost, and haue two
holes made about the midst on each side one; bore then 2
.bn 023.png
holes in the table, on each side of the brasse one, answerable
unto the holes of the brim of the lower brasse, throgh
which holes put the two rods, of the yron hanged unto
the sweepe through them, and riuet them strongly into
the holes of the lower brasse. Place this in water, and by
mouing the sweepe up and downe, it will with greater violence
cast the water on high.

.il fn=illustration_022.png w=382px alt=''

<target id='forcing_ayre'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of forcing water by ayer
compressed.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there bee a large pot or vessell, hauing at the side a
peece of wood made hollow, hauing a clacke of leather
with a peece of lead upon it, within the vessell also
let there be a pipe through the top of the vessell, reaching
almost to the botom of
it: at the top of which
let there be a round hollow
ball, and on it a
small cocke of brasse.
Note that if you fill the
said vessell halfe-full of
water, and blow into
the hole of the pipe, at
the side, your breath
will lift up the clack,
and enter the vessell, but
when it is in, it will
presse down the clack: blow into it oftentimes, so shall
there bee a great deale of ayre in the vessell, which will
presse so hard upon the water, that if you turne the cock
at the top, the water in the vessell will spin out a good
while.

.il fn=illustration_023.png w=163px alt=''

.bn 024.png

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let A, B, C, D, be a great vessell, having a partition
in the middle: let there bee a large tunnell at the top
of it, E, F, whose neck must go into the bottom almost of
the lower vessell: let there be a hollow pipe also coming
out of the partition,
and almost touch the
top of the upper vessell.
In the top of the
upper vessell let there
bee another pipe,
reaching from the
bottom of the upper
vessell, and extending
it selfe out of the
vessell a good way:
let the top of it hang
ouer the tunnell. In the top of the upper vessell let there
be a hole besides, to be stopped with cork, or otherwise:
when you will use it, open the cork-hole, and fill the upper
vessel with water: then stop it close againe, and poure
water into the tunnell, and you shall see that the water in
the upper vessell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell
againe and so will continue running untill all the water
in the upper vessell be run out. The reason thereof is this;
the water in the tunnell pressing the ayre in the lower
vessell, maketh it ascend the pipe in the partition, and
presse the water in the upper vessell, which having no other
way but the pipe, it runneth out thereat.

.il fn=illustration_024.png w=264px alt=''

.bn 025.png

.pm cho
<i>The forcing of water by pressure, that is the naturall
course of water in regard of its heavinesse
and thinnesse, artificially contrived to
break out of what image
you please.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let A, B, C, D, bee a cestern placed upon a curious
frame for the purpose, let the bottom of this frame be
made likewise in the form of a cestern: Through the pillers
of this frame let there passe hollow pipes from the
bottom of the upper cestern, and descend to the bottom
of the lower cestern, and then run all to the middle thereof,
and joyne in one, and turne up into the hollow body
of a beast, bird, fish, or what your fancy most affecteth:
let the hole of the image whereat the water must break
out, be very small, for so it will run the longer. Fill the
upper cestern with water, and by reason of the weight
thereof it will passe through the pipes, and spin out of the
hole of the image.

<target id='forcing_engins'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of forcing water by Engins.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there bee an even streight barrell of brasse of what
length and bignesse you please: let the bottom of it
be open, and let the top be closed, but so that it be hollow
on the outside like a basin: in the midst whereof let there
bee a straight pipe erected, open at both ends, also let
there be another short pipe at the side of it, which let bee
even with the top of the basin on the outside, but stand a
.bn 026.png
little from it on the side.
Having thus prepared
the barrell, fit a good
thick board unto it, so
that it may slip easily
up and down from the
top of the barrell unto
the bottom, nayle a
lether about the edges
of it, and another upon
the top of it: on the
underside of it let there
be fastned a good stiffe,
but flexible spring of steele, which may thrust the board
from the bottom to the top of the barrell: let the foot of
this spring rest upon a barre fastned acros the bottom of
the barrell; let this board also have tied at the middle a little
rope of length sufficient. When you use it, bore a little
hole in the table that you set it on, to put the rope thorow,
and pull the rope down, which will contract the
spring, and with it draw down the board: then poure in
water at the basin untill the vessell be full: Note then, as
you let slack the rope, the water will spirt out of the pipe,
in the middle, and as you pull it straight, the water will
run into the vessell againe. You may make birds, or divers
images at the top of the pipe, out of which the water
may break.

.il fn=illustration_026.png w=188px alt=''

.bn 027.png

.pm cho
<i>Another manner of forcing water, whereby the water
of any spring may be forced unto
the top of a hill.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be two hollow posts, with a succur at the
bottom of each, also a succur nigh the top of each:
let there be fastned unto both these posts a strong peece of
timber, having, as it were, a beame or scale pinned in it,
and having two handles, at each end one. In the tops of
.bn 028.png
both these hollow posts fasten two brasse barrels, made
very even and smooth within, unto these two barrels let
there be fitted two forcers, lethered according to art, at
the tops of these forcers must be fastned two yrons, which
must bee linked unto the aforesaid beam; from each post
below towards the end of the barrels, let there bee two
leaden pipes, which afterward meet in one, to conduct
the water up to the place desired, which if it bee very
high, there will be need of some succurs to catch the water
as it cometh.

.il fn=illustration_027.png w=596px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>The description of an Engin to force water up to a
high place: very usefull for to quench
fire amongst buildings.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be a brasse barrell provided, having two succurs
in the bottom of it: let it also have a good large
pipe going up one
side of it with a succur
nigh unto the
top of it, and above
the succur a hollow
round ball, having a
pipe at the top of it
made to screw another
pipe upon it, to
direct the water to
any place. Then fit
a forcer unto the
barrell with a handle fastned unto the top; at the upper
end of this forcer drive a strong screw, and at the lower
.bn 029.png
end a screw nut, at the bottom of the barrell fasten a screw,
and at the barre that goeth crosse the top of the barrell,
let there be another screw nut: put them all in order, and
fasten the whole to a good strong frame, that it may stand
steddy, and it is done. When you use it, either place it
in the water, or over a kennell, and drive the water up to
it, and by moving the handle to and fro, it will cast the
water with mighty force up to any place you direct it.

.il fn=illustration_028.png w=301px alt=''

<target id='sounds_ayre_and_water'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of producing sounds by
ayer and water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there bee had in a readinesse a pot made after the
forme of the figure following, having a little hole at
the top, in the which
fasten a reed or pipe, also
another little hole at
the bottom: presse this
pot into a bucket of water,
and it will make a
loud noyse.

.il fn=illustration_029.png w=176px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be a cestern of lead or such like, having a tunnell
on the top: let it bee placed under the fall of a
.bn 030.png
Conduit, and at the one end of the top, let there come
out of the vessell a small pipe, which let bee bent into a
cup of water, and there will be heard a strange voice. Over
this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with diuers
birds made to sit therein.

.il fn=illustration_030_a.png w=416px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make that a bird sitting on a basis, shall
make a noise, and drink out of a cup of water,
being held to the mouth of it.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Provide a cestern,
having a tunnell at
the one end of the top,
and a little cane coming
out of the other
end of the vessell; on
the top of which let
there be a bird made to
sit, also at the bottom
of the cestern, let there
bee a crane to carry away
the water as it
.bn 031.png
runneth into the vessell. Place this vessell with its tunnell
under the fall of a conduit of water, and the bird will
sing; and if you hold a cup of water under his bill, hee
will drink and make a noise.

.il fn=illustration_030_b.png w=281px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>A device whereby severall voyces of birds
cherping may be heard.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare a cestern having divers partitions, one above
another; let them all have cranes in the bottoms to
carry the water from one to another; also let each cestern
have his severall pipe,
all of them coming out
at the top of the cestern,
on whose tops let birds
bee artificially made,
with reeds in them:
also in the top of the
upper cestern let there
bee a tunnell. Place it
under the fall of a conduit
of water, and you
shall heare so many severall
voyces as there
are birds.

.il fn=illustration_031.png w=251px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>A device whereby the figure of a man standing on
a basis shall be made to sound a trumpet.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare a cestern having within on the lid fastned a
concave hemisphere, in whose bottom let there bee
.bn 032.png
made one or two holes: let there also be a hole in the top
of the sayd cestern, whereby it may bee filled with water
as occasion serveth.
Also let there bee
made to stand on
the top of this cestern
the image of a
man holding unto
his mouth a trumpet:
this image must
likewise have a slender
pipe coming out
of the cestern unto
the trumpet, in this
pipe or cane there
must be a cock, nigh
unto the cestern. Also
there must come
out of the concave
hemisphere at the side of the cestern, a little short pipe,
having a clack on it within the vessell. Fill the cestern about
two thirds full of water, and then cork it up fast,
blow then into the vessell at the pipe on the side divers
times, and the ayer will force the water out of the hemisphere,
and make it rise up on the sides of it; turne then
the cock, and the weight of the water will force the ayer
out of the pipe, and so cause the trumpet to sound.

.il fn=illustration_032.png w=297px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Hercules shooting at a Dragon, who as soone as
he hath shot, hisseth at him.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be a cestern having a partition in the midst,
in the partition let there bee a deep succur, having a
.bn 033.png
small rope fastned unto the top of it: let the one end of
the rope come out of the upper lid of the cestern, and bee
fastned unto a ball, the
other part thereof let it
be put under a pulley
(fastned in the partition)
and let it be carried
also out of the upper
cestern, and be fastned
unto the arme of
the image, which must
bee made to slip to and
againe, and to take hold
of the string of a steele
bow that is held in the
other hand. At the other end of the cestern let there bee
made an artificiall image of a Dragon, through whose
body must come a small pipe with a reed artificially fastned
in the upper part thereof. Note then, that when you
put up the ball, the image will draw his bow, and when
you let it fall, the Dragon will hisse.

.il fn=illustration_033_a.png w=230px alt=''

<target id='sounds_evaporation'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation
of water by ayer.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare a round vessell of
brasse, or latin, having a crooked
pipe or neck, whereto fasten
a pipe: put this vessell upon a
trevet over the fire, and it will
make a shrill whistling noyse.
.bn 034.png

.il fn=illustration_033_b.png w=196px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>To make two images sacrificing, and a
Dragon hissing.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare a cestern having an altar of brasse or tin upon
it, let there be in the cestern a hollow pipe turning up
out of the cestern at each end; also in the middle within
the altar, also on the
side of the altar into
the body of a dragon
artificially made,
with a reed in the
mouth of it. Let
there bee two boxes
at the tops of the
pipes, on the ends of
the cestern, having
two crooked pipes
or cranes comming
out of them. Fill the
boxes with water
when you occupy it,
also put fire upon
the altar, and the
dragon will hisse, and the water in the two boxes being
wrought upon by the heat of the fire comming thorow
the pipes, will drop into the fire. These two boxes ought
to be inclosed in the bodies of two images, and the two
short cranes comming out of them in her armes and
hands.

.il fn=illustration_034.png w=235px alt=''

.bn 035.png

<target id='sounds_engins'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of producing sounds by Engins.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare a vessell after the forme of the figure marked
with the letters A, B, C, D, place it upon a frame, as
F, G, H; this vessell must have a hole in the bottom, with
a pipe fastned in it, as Q, to convay the water conteyned
in it into a vessell or tub set under
it, marked with the letters
R, S, T, also a frame must bee
fastned at the top of it, as G, H,
L, having so many bels with
little beaters or hammers to
them (artificially hanged) as
are requisit to expresse your desired
tune. Lastly provide a
sollid peece of timber, whose
lower part must bee fitted unto
the aforesayd vessell, so that it
may easily slip up and down,
and so high as that its foot
resting upon the bottom of the
vessell, the upper part thereof
may stand somewhat above all
the bels. Note likewise that
that part of this wood aboue
its bottom or foot must be cut
away about three quarters of
an inch. Vpon this wood thus fitted must bee fastned
severall pins equall unto each bell, from the top unto the
foot thereof, so disposed that they may orderly presse
down the inward ends of the hammers of each bell, according
.bn 036.png
as the tune goeth: when you use it, fill the cestern
almost with water, and put the fitted peece of timber
into it, and as the water runneth out at the bottom,
it will play upon the bels: note that it were very requisit
to haue a cock fastned to the pipe on the bottom of
the vessell, that therewith you might at your pleasure stay
the water. The like engines might be made to play upon
wyer strings disposed upon a concavous water, to make
the musick resound, but because this description giueth
light enough for the framing of diuers other, I thought
good here to omit them.

.il fn=illustration_035.png w=211px alt=''

<target id='motions_water'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of motions by rarifying
water with fire.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be an altar having a pipe comming out of it,
and entring the body of a hollow ball, let there come
out of the same ball
a crane, whose lower
end make to hang
ouer a bucket fastned
to a rope, and hanging
ouer a pulley, of
which rope the other
end must bee
wound about two
spindles, hauing two
doores fastned unto
them, and at the
end of the same rope let there bee a waight fastned. So
the fire on the altar will cause the water to distill out of
the ball into the bucket, which when by reason of the
.bn 037.png
water it is become heuier then the weight, it will draw it
up, and so open the said gates or little doores.

.il fn=illustration_036.png w=283px alt=''

<target id='motions_ayre'>
.pm cho
<i>Experiments of motions by rarifying
ayre by fire.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be a round vessell of glasse, or horn, and on
the top of it a vessell of brasse, and in the midst a hollow
pipe spreading it
selfe into foure seuerall
branches at the bottom:
the ends of two
of the branches must
turn up, the ends also
of two must turn down;
upon these foure branches
fasten a light cord,
with seuerall images set
upon it. Rarifie the ayre
then by laying a red-hot
iron upon the top of
the brasse or tin vessell, and it will turn the wheele about,
so that you would think the images to bee living creatures.

.il fn=illustration_037.png w=168px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Another way.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First prepare a round peece of wood, hauing a brasse
box in the midst, such as they make to hang the mariners
compasse with, but a good deale bigger, round about
this peece of wood fasten divers shreds of thin lattin,
.bn 038.png
standing obliquely or ascew, as the figure doth represent;
round about these fasten a coffin of thin pastbord, cut into
seuerall formes of fishes, birds,
beasts, or what you please. Prepare
a lantern with oyled parchment,
sufficient to conteine it, in the midst
of whose bottom must bee erected a
spindle with a narrow point, to
hang the pastbord cut into formes
upon: upon each side let there be a
socket for to set a candle in, also let
there bee made a doore in the bottom to put the candles
in at, and after to be shut, and it is done. If you set two
candles in the sockets, the heat of them will turne the
whole pastbord of formes round.

.il fn=illustration_038.png w=140px alt=''

.tb

Amongst all the experiments pneumaticall, there is
none more excellent than this of the Weather-glasse:
wherefore I haue laboured to describe the making thereof
as plainly as it possibly might be.

.pm cho
<i>What the Weather-glasse is.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
A Weather-glasse is a structure of, at the least, two
glasses, sometimes of three, foure, or more, as occasion
serueth, inclosing a quantity of water, and a portion
of ayre proportionable, by whose condensation or rarifaction
the included water is subject unto a continuall
motion, either upward or downward; by which motion
of the water is commonly foreshewn the state, change,
and alteration of the weather. For I speak no more than
what mine experience hath made me bold to affirme;
.bn 039.png
you may (the time of the yeere, and the following obseruations
understandingly considered) bee able certainly to
foretell the alteration or uncertainty of the weather a
good many houres before it come to passe.

.pm cho
<i>Of the severall sorts and fashions of
Weather-glasses.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
There are diuers seuerall fashions of Weather-glasses,
but principally two.

1 The Circular glasse.

2 The Perpendicular glasse: The Perpendiculars are
either single, double, or treble.

The single Perpendiculars are of two sorts, either fixt
or moueable.

The fixt are of contrary qualities; either such whose
included water doth moue upward with cold, and downward
with heat, or else upward with heat, and downward
with cold.

In the double and treble Perpendiculars, as the water
ascendeth in one, it descendeth as much or more in the other.

In the moueable Perpendicular the glasse being artificially
hanged, moueth up and down with the water.

.pm cho
<i>How to make the water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
I must confesse, that any water that is not subiect unto
putrifaction, or freezing, would serue the turne, but Art
hath taught to make such a water as may bee both an ornament
to the work, and also delectable to the eye.

Take two ounces of vardigrease in powder, and infuse
.bn 040.png
it so long in a pint of white wine vineger, untill it hath a
very green colour, then poure out the vineger gently from
the vardigrease: take also a pint and a halfe of purifide
May-dew, and put therein 6 ounces of Roman vitreoll in
grosse powder, let it stand till the vitreoll bee throughly
dissolved; then mix this with the former water, and
strain them through a cap paper, and put it into a cleane
glasse well stopped, and its ready for use.

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a gallon of rayn water that hath setled, infuse
therein a day and a night 4 pound of quick lyme; stir
it about with a cleane stick oftentimes in the day; in the
morning poure the cleere water off from the lyme, into a
brasse pan, and adde thereto 3 pound of sal armoniack;
let it stand fiue or six houres, afterwards stir it about untill
it be of a perfect blew colour, then straine it through
a browne paper rowled within a tunnell, and reserue it
for your use. This water is not so good for use as the
former.

.pm cho
<i>How to make the Circular glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First you must prepare two glasses, the fashion whereof
let be like unto the figures marked with the letters A, B,
and C, D. The glasse C, D, is open at both the ends, also
in the middle there is a neck comming up of sufficient
widenesse to receiue the shank end of the glasse marked
with the letters A, B. Then fill the glasse C, D, a third
part, with either of the waters, and diuide the glasse into
so many equall parts as you would haue degrees; rarifie
.bn 041.png
the ayre in the head of the glasse A, B, by holding it to
the fire, which being yet warme, reuerse the shank of it
into the neck of the glasse C, D. Note that if the water
do not ascend high enough, you must take the glasse A,
B, out againe, and heat it hotter; if it ascend too high,
heat it not so hot. If it be in the dog-dayes, and extreme
heat of summer, 1 and 2 are good degrees; if the weather
be most temperate, then 3 and 4 are best; if a frost, 9 or
10. When you haue hit an indifferent degree, lute the
joynts very close, and fasten a ribben unto the top of the
.bn 042.png
glasse to hang it by. In this glasse the water will with
cold ascend the glasse A, B, with heat it will descend the
glasse A, B, and ascend the hornes of the glasse C, D.

.il fn=illustration_041.png w=418px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make the single perpendicular glasse,
whose water ascendeth with cold, and
descendeth with heat.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare two glasses after the fashion of these figures
underset, F, G, I, I. Alwayes chuse those upper glasses
that haue the least heads, else they will draw the water
too fast, and presse it
too low: also let not
the shank of the
glasse bee too wide:
it is no matter to bee
curious in chusing
the lower glasse. Hauing
prouided both
these glasses, make a
frame for them about
one inch longer
than the shank of
the glasse F, G, hauing
a hole at the
top to put the same
thorow. There ought
to be a great deale of
care had in making
the frame so, that the foot thereof may bee of a greater
compasse than the top, to the end that it may stand firm,
and not be subject to be turned down, which will distemper
.bn 043.png
the whole work. After you have provided the frame,
proceed to the making of it after this manner. Put both
the glasses into the frame, and then divide the shank of
the glasse F, G, into so many equall parts as you would
haue it haue degrees; write figures upon paper, and paste
them on (with gum tragagant dissolued in faire water;)
then fill the bottom glasse 2 thirds with the water, and
rarifie the ayre in the glasse F, G, so often untill you haue
hit such a degree as is most fitting for the temper of the
weather, put in a little crooked hollow cane for the ayre
to passe in and out at, but let it not touch the water: then
stop it about the joynts of the glasse with good cement,
that nothing may come out. Make an artificiall rock about
it, with peeces of cork dipt in glew, and rowled in
this following powder, and it is done.

.il fn=illustration_042.png w=271px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>The powder for the rock.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take mother of Pearle 2 pound, small red Corall di.
pound, Antimony crude 4 ounces, and make a grosse
powder of them.

.pm cho
<i>To make the single perpendicular glasse, ascending
with heat, and descending with cold.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare two glasses after the fashion of the figure A,
B, and C, D: let the glasse A, B, haue a small pinhole
at or about the top of all, and let the glasse C, D, haue
besides the hole at the top, another hole at the bottom
with a short pipe. Prouide such a frame for this as you
did before for the other; then put the glasses into it, fasten
the bottom glasse to the bottom of the frame, hauing a
.bn 044.png
hole at the bottom, thorow which the pipe of the glasse
C, D, may passe, fit a cork unto it: then lute the two
glasses together, so
that no ayre may
passe between the
joyning; divide then
the shank into so many
degrees as you
please, and figure it
as before I taught
you, then with the
heat of a candle, rarifie
the ayre in the
glasse C, D, and fill
it a third part full of
water, and then put
the cork fast in. Note
that if the first heating
of the glasse rayse
not the water unto
your content, you must repeat it over and over, untill it
doe: when it is sufficient, then stop the cork in very firm,
that no water may come out, and it is made.

.il fn=illustration_044.png w=269px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make the double perpendicular glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare two glasses like unto the figure marked with
the letters A, B, the one of them must have a small
hole in or about the head thereof. Prepare likewise for
the bottom a vessell of the fashion of the figure G, H, having
two mouthes, at each end one, also a cocke in the
middle, as K: divide then the shank of the glasse without
.bn 045.png
the hole in the top, into equall parts, and set figures upon
it: next lute them both fast into the necks of the bottom
vessell. (But first remember to put them in a frame:)
when the cement is dry turn the cock of the bottom vessell,
and rarify the ayre in the glasse that hath no hole at
the top; then set the
bottom vessell a little
way into a vessell filled
with water, and
it will suck up the
water as it cooleth,
when the bottom
vessell is full, also
the water mounted
in that top glasse
without a vent, up
to a fitting degree;
(the temper of the
weather regarded)
then depresse (but
gently) the glasses
into the vessell of
water, untill the water
be come up into the glasse with the vent at the top sufficiently,
that is, so that in both the glasses may bee contained
so much water as will fill the shank of one, and about
2 or 3 degrees of the other; then turne the cock, and
take away the vessell of water from under them, let them
down, and fasten the bottom vessell unto the bottom of
the frame, and make a rock about it, or else what other
works you please, that the art may not be discerned. Lastly,
set figures upon both, but first upon that without the
.bn 046.png
vent, beginning from the bottom, and proceeding upwards,
then lay your hand upon the head of it, which
will depresse the water, which when it commeth equall to
the degrees, paste the same degree on the place of the water
in the other glasse with the vent, and it is done.

.il fn=illustration_045.png w=296px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make the treble perpendicular glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
After the same manner is the treble glasse made: but
whereas in the double glasse there was but one glasse
that had a
vent at the
top, there is
two in this,
both whose
shanks must
contain the
iust quantity
of water
that the
glasse without
the vent
will containe.
If you
do well obserue
the
form of the
subsequent
figure, you
cannot goe
amisse.

.il fn=illustration_046.png w=368px alt=''

.bn 047.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make the moveable perpendicular
glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First prepare the glasse A, B, fill it almost top-full of water,
provide also the glasse K, L, having a loop at the
top of it: divide it into so many equall parts as you
would haue degrees, and on the mouth thereof fasten a
thin board, that will easily slip in and out of the bottom
glasse, make then a waight of lead or brasse somewhat
.bn 048.png
heavier than both the glasse and board fastned thereto;
and then tie a little rope to the loop of the glasse A, B,
and the waight at the other end thereof. Rarify the ayre
contained in the glasse L, and reverse it into the glasse
A, B, filled with water, and hang the plummet over two
little pulleys fastned in a frame made for the purpose, and
as the glasse K, L, cooleth, the water will ascend the same,
and so by the change of the outward both the glasse and
water will move accordingly.

.il fn=illustration_047.png w=378px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Of the use of all the severall sorts of
Weather-glasses.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Albeit the formes of Weather-glasses are divers, according
to the fancy of the Artist, yet the use of all
is one and the same: to wit, to demonstrate the state, and
temper of the season, whether hot or cold; as also to foreshew
the change and alteration thereof.

1 Note therefore, that the nature and property of the
water in all the glasses that have no vent holes at the top,
is, to ascend with cold, and descend with heat. But in
them that have vents, it descendeth as much as it ascendeth
in these.

2 The sudden falling of the water is an evident token
of rayne.

3 The continuance of the water at any one degree, is
a certaine token that the weather will continue at that stay
it is then at, whether it be fayre, or foule, frost or snow.
But when the water either riseth or falleth, the weather
will then presently change.

4 The uncertaine motion of the water is a signe of
fickle weather.
.bn 049.png

The single perpendicular with a vent, moveth upwards
with cold, and downwards with heat, and is quite contrary
in quality to the former, only that it moveth uncertainly
in fickle and uncertaine weather, and keepeth a
constant place in stayed weather.

These rules are all certaine and true: now you may according
to your owne observation frame other rules,
whereby you may foretell the change of the weather the
water being at any one degree whatsoeuer.

.pm cho
<i>A Water-clock, or a Glasse shewing the
houre of the day.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be provided a deepe vessell of earth, or any
thing else, that will hold water, as A, B, C, D, provide
also a glasse made after the fashion of the figure marked
with the letters E,
F, G. It must bee open
at the bottom, and haue
also a small hole at the
top, thorow which if
you can but put the
point of a needle, it is
sufficient. This glasse
must not bee so long as
the vessell is deepe, by
about two inches. Then
take a iust measure of
the length of the glasse
E, F, G, and set it on the inside of the vessell A, B, C, D,
from the bottom towards the top, and then make a rase
round about the vessell; there must bee fitted unto this
.bn 050.png
earthen vessell, a pipe reaching from the top of the outside
thereof, (where there must bee a cock unto it) and going
to the bottom, where it entreth the same, and againe extendeth
it selfe almost unto the circle or mark rased on the
vessell A, B, C, D. Fill then the vessell with fayre water
up to the rase, or circle, and turne the cock, and put the
glasse into the water, and you shall see that the glasse by
reason of its heavinesse, will tend toward the bottom of
the vessell, but very slowly, by reason that the ayre contained
therein hath so small a vent: turne an houre-glasse,
and at the end of each houre make a mark upon the glasse
equall with the water, and it is done. When the glasse is
quite sunke to the bottom of the water, turn the cock, and
with one blast of your mouth at the pipe, it will ascend
againe.

.il fn=illustration_049.png w=193px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Another fashioned one.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Prepare a vessell, as A, B, C, D, having a very small cock
unto it, whose passage ought to bee so small, as that the
water might issue out but by drops. Prepare likewise a
vessell, as E, F, G, H, having at one end of it a piller of a
foot and a halfe, or two foot high: let there be fitted unto
this vessell a board, so that it may freely without stay, slip
up and down: towards one side of this board, there must
be a good big hole, which must bee placed under the cock
of the other vessell. Then fasten unto the top of this
board, the image of Time or Death, and pointing with a
dart upon the piller aforesaid: turn then an houre glasse,
and at the end of every houre make a figure on the place
.bn 051.png
of the piller that the
image with his dart
pointeth at, and it is
made. For note, the
dropping of the water
out of the cock
thorow the hole of
the board whereon
the image standeth,
causeth the same to
ascend by little and
little. Mark the figures.

.il fn=illustration_051.png w=293px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Another artificiall Water-clock, which may bee set
conveniently in a double Weather-glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First prepare a cestern, as A, B, C, D, partition in the
middle, let there bee made two pipes, the one whereof
must reach out of the upper cestern, and descend almost to
the bottom of the lowest cestern, as I, K; the other must
be a short one, and haue a very small hole, that the water
may thereby issue out of the upper cestern but by drops;
also at the side nigh the bottom of the upper cestern, let a
small pipe enter. To the upper cestern fit a board, (with
a peece of lead nayled upon it to make it somewhat heavy)
so that it may easily slip up and downe in it; this board
must haue a loop to fasten a rope unto, and you must so
.bn 052.png
poyse the said board, that it being hung up by a line, may
hang even, and levell. Then prepare a box to put ouer the
cestern, which ought to stand about six inches aboue the
cestern. In the top of this box let there be fastned a long
pulley with a creuice to put a small rope ouer, in this creuice
it were
fitting to
fasten small
pins, to the
end that
the rope
might turn
the sayd
wheele as
the water
faleth from
under the
board: let
the spindle
of this pulley
come
out at one
side of the
box whereon
there
is a Dyall
drawn, contayning
so many houres as you would haue it go for;
unto this end of the spindle let there bee fitted a needle,
or director, to shew the houre, then put a small cord ouer
the pulley in the box, fasten one end thereof to the loop of
the board, and at the other end let there bee tied a waight
.bn 053.png
not quite so heauy as the board, then fill the upper cestern
with water, and the board will presse it out into the lower
vessell, at the pipe O, drop by drop, and as the board sinketh
lower, it will by meanes of the rope upon the pulley,
turne the index fastned unto the spindle of the pulley about
the dyall; you may set it by an houre-glasse or
Watch: when it is quite downe, if you doe with your
mouth blow into the pipe at the side of the cestern, the
water will all mount up againe into the upper cestern.

.il fn=illustration_052.png w=337px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>A wheele which being turned about, it casteth
water out at the spindle.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let A, B, be a tub hauing in the bottom a brasse barrell,
with a hole open quite through one side of it: let D,
E, F, be a wheele, whose
spindle must bee also
hollow, and haue a
hole through one side
of it, so that being put
into the hollow barrell,
both the holes may be
equall together. Note
then, that so long as
these holes are equall
together, the water will
run out at the spindle
of the tub, but if you
turne the wheele to another side, it will not run.

.il fn=illustration_053.png w=258px alt=''

.bn 054.png

.pm cho
<i>A water-presser, or the mounting of water
by compression.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there bee prouided a barrell of brasse, of what
length and widenesse you please, let it bee exactly
smooth within, and very tight at bottom; unto this barrell
fit a plug of wood leathered
about, and let there bee made
diuers small holes quite through
it, wherein fasten diuers formes
and shapes of birds, beasts, or
fishes, hauing very small pin-holes
through them, for the
water to spin out at: you shall
do well to make this plug very
heavy, either by pouring molten
lead into certaine holes made
for the purpose, or else by fastning
some waight unto the top:
fill the barrell with water, and
put the plug into it, which lying
so heavy upon the water, it will
make it spin out at the pin-holes
of the images placed thereupon.

.il fn=illustration_054.png w=201px alt=''

.bn 055.png

.pm cho
<i>How to compose a great or little peece of
Water-worke.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First prepare a table, whereupon erect a strong frame,
and round about the frame make a moat with a leaden
cestern to be filled with water; let the leaden moat somewhat
undermine as it were the frame, which ought to be
built in three stories, one aboue another, and euery one
lesser than another. Within the middle story fasten a
very strong Iack that goeth with a waight, or a strong
spring, the ending of whose spindles ought to be crooked,
thus Z, whereby diuers sweeps for pumps may bee moued
to and againe, whose pumps must go down into the
moat, and haue small succurs unto them, and convayances
towards their tops, whereat the water may be mounted
into diuers cesterns, out of some wherof there may be
made convayances in their bottoms, by small pipes running
down into the riuer or moat again, and there breaking
out in the fashions and formes of Dragons, Swans,
Whales, Flowers, and such like pretty conceits: out of
others the water may fall upon wheeles, out of whose
spindles, the water turning round, may bee made to run.
In the uppermost story of all, let there bee made the forcer
by ayre, as I taught before, or else a presser, hauing at the
top, Neptune riding on a Whale, out of whose nostrils,
as also out of Neptunes Trident, the water may be made
to spin through small pin-holes; you may also make diuers
motions about this work, but for that the multitude
of figures would rather confound than instruct the Reader,
I haue of purpose omitted them.

.il fn=illustration_057.png w=579px alt=''

.bn 056.png
.bn 057.png
.bn 058.png
.bn 059.png

.pb

.nf c
<xl>THE
SECOND BOOKE,</xl>

<l>Teaching most plainly, and withall
most exactly, the composing of all
manner of Fire-works for Triumph
and Recreation.</l>

By <i>I.B.</i>
.nf-

.pm ic illustration_059.png 494px 'THE SECOND BOOKE'

.nf c
<i>LONDON</i>,

Printed by <i>Thomas Harper</i> for <i>Ralph Mab</i>. 1634.
.nf-
.bn 060.png
.bn 061.png

.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_061.png 455px 'To the Reader'

.nf c
<l>To the Reader.</l>
.nf-

.di drop_cap_061.png 116 105 0.7
<i>Courteous Reader, there hath a desistance
been occasioned since the inception
of this work, by reason of the
occurrence of certaine Authours, that
contrary unto my knowledge had laboured
so fully herein; but after consideration had
(that for the most part they were but translations)
I thought it might bee no lesse lawfull and commendable
for mee than for others, to communicate unto
such as are yet desirous of further information,
that wherein I haue bestowed both cost and paines.
Notwithstanding, I haue so used the matter, as that
I might not derogate from the estimation had of others
to increase mine owne. Read it throughly,
iudge indifferently, and if thou likest it, practise
considerately. If thou art ignorant herein, I am
.bn 062.png
sure it will instruct thee, and though well experienced
(which perhaps thou art) I make no question,
but that thou mayst finde somewhat which thou hast
not heard of before; So farewell.</i>

.nf b
Your Welwiller
.rj
<i>I.B.</i>
.nf-
.bn 063.png

.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_063.png 422px 'Of Fire-workes'

.nf c
<l>Of Fire-workes.</l>
.nf-

.di drop_cap_063.png 122 114 0.7
I haue euer found (in conference with diuers
desirous of instruction in any Art or
Science whatsoeuer) that the summe and
chiefest end of all hath been, to know the
reasons and causes of those things they
were desirous to be informed in. Wherefore
I thought good, before I came to the matter it selfe,
to set down some few Præcognita or Principles (as I may
so call them) whereby such as are ingenious, upon occasion,
may informe themselues, if they stand in doubt of the
cause of any thing that is heereafter taught.

.pm cho
<i>Certayne Præcognita or Principles wherein are contayned
the causes and reasons of that which is
taught in this Booke.</i>
.pm chc

1 The foure Elements, Fire, Ayre, Earth, and Water,
are the <i>prima principia</i> (I meane the materialls)
whereof euery sublunary body is composed, and into the
which it is at last dissolued.

2 Euery thing finding a dissolution of those <i>naturæ
catenæ</i>, that is, meanes whereby their <i>principia</i> are connected,
and ioyned together, their lighter parts ascend upward,
.bn 064.png
and these that are more grosse and heauy, doe the
contrary.

3 It is impossible for one and the selfe same body to
possesse at one time two places; It followeth therefore,
that a dense body rarified, and made thin, eyther by actuall
or potentiall fire, requireth a greater quantity of room
to be conteyned in, then it did before. Hence it is, that if
you lay your hand upon a glasse, hauing a straight mouth
reuerst into a dish of water, it rarifieth the ayre contayned
therein, and makes it breake out thorough the water in
bubbles. Also, that gunpowder inclosed in the barrell of
a gun, being rarified by fire, applied unto the touch-hole,
it seeketh a greater quantity of roome, and therefore forceth
the bullet out of the barrell. This is called violent
motion.

4 According unto the strength and quantity of a
dense body rarified, and according unto the forme and
length of its inclosure, it forceth its compresser further
or neerer at hand.

Thus much shall suffice to haue spoken concerning the
<i>Præcognita</i>: Now I will passe <i>ad majora, & ad magis necessaria</i>:
to wit, those necessary Instruments, and seuerall
sorts of Ingredients, that ought to be had in readines.

As for the instruments they are these; Morters and
Pestles, Serces, also seuerall sorts of Formers, Paper, Parchment,
Canuas, Whipcord, strong binding thread, Glew,
Rosin, Pitch, with diuers vessells meet to contayne and
mingle your compositions in. The ingredients likewise
are chiefly these, Saltpeter, Rochpeter, Sulpher, Charcoale,
good Gunpowder, Filings of steele, oyle of Peter,
and Spirit of wine.
.bn 065.png

.pm cho
<i>Instructions for chusing your ingredients.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Saltpeter is very good, if that being layd upon a board,
and fire put to, it rise with a flamed ventosous exhalation,
raysing no scum, nor leauing no pearle, but onely a
blacke specke burnt into the boord.

The best brimstone, is quick brimstone, or liue sulphur,
and that sort is best that breaketh whitest; if this cannot
be gotten, take of the whitest yellow brimstone.

The best Coales for use are the sallow, willow, hazel
and beech; onely see they be well burnt. Euery of these
ingredients must be powdred finely and searsed.

All kindes of gunpowder are made of these ingredients
imposed, or incorporated with vineger, or aquauitæ, and
afterward grayned by art. The Saltpeter is the Soul, the
Sulphur the Life, and the Coales the Body of it. The best
sort of powder may be distinguished from others, by these
signes:

1 If it be bright and incline to a blewish colour.

2 If in the handling it proue not moyst but auoydeth
quickely.

3 If being fired, it flash quickly, and leaue no dregs
nor setlings behinde it.

.pm cho
<i>A device to try the strength of divers sorts
of Gunpowder.</i>
.pm chc

.il fn=illustration_066.png w=156px alt=''

.dc 0.0 0.8
If so be you haue at any time diuers sorts of Gunpowder,
and it is your desire to know which of them is the
strongest, then you must prepare a box, as A, B, being
foure inches high, and about two inches wide, hauing a
.bn 066.png
lid ioynted unto it. The box ought to be made of iron,
brasse, or copper, and to bee fastned unto a good thick
plank, and to haue a touch-hole at the bottom, as O, and
that end of the box where the hinge of the lid is, there
must stand up from the box a peece of iron or brasse, in
length answerable unto the lid of the box: this peece of
iron must haue a hole quite
through it, towards the top,
and a spring, as, A, G, must bee
screwed or riueted, so that the
one end may couer the sayd
hole. On the top of all this iron,
or brasse that standeth up
from the box, there must bee
ioynted a peece of iron (made as
you see in the figure) the hinder
part of which is bent downward,
and entreth the hole that the spring couereth; the
other part resteth upon the lid of the box. Open this
box lid, and put in a quantity of powder, and then shut
the lid down, and put fire to the touch hole at the bottom,
and the powder in the box being fired, will blow
the box lid up the notches more or lesse, according as the
strength of the powder is: so by firing the same quantity
of diuers kindes of powders at seuerall times, you may
know which is the strongest. Now perhaps it will bee
expected that I should speak of the making of Saltpeter,
Gunpowder, Coales, with the refining of Sulphur: but
because they are so commonly to bee had, and to bee
bought at better rates than I know they can bee made by
any that intend it for their priuate use, I haue forborne it:
There are diuers I am sure that would willingly bee in
.bn 067.png
action: I haue thought fitting therefore to set downe the
collection of naturall Saltpeter, which is a kinde of white
excrescence growing upon stone-wals, and (as I haue
seene great store) in the arches of stone-bridges. First
therefore gather this white excrescence, and adde unto it
Quick-lyme, and Ashes, mingle them, and put them into
a halfe-tub that hath a hole to draw the liquor out at;
then put into this halfe-tub warm water, and let it stand
untill all the peter be dissolued; let it then drain out at
the hole by little and little, and if the liquor be not cleere,
double a brown paper, and put it within a tunnell, and
straine the liquor through it. Then boyle it and scum it
untill it bee ready to congeale, neither too hard, nor yet
too tender: then take it from the fire, and put it into shallow
vessels, either of earth or brasse; set them in a cold
place two or three dayes, and it will shoot into isicles, and
this is called Rochpeter. Thus much for the ingredients.
Now I am come unto the Formers, the number
whereof I cannot certainly determine, because it dependeth
upon the variety of each particular persons inuention.
Now that I may formally proceed, I will first make
some distinction of each kinde in generall; and then I
will speak of euery particular contained in each generall.
Fire-works are of 3 sorts.

1 Such as operate in the ayre, as Rockets, Serpents,
Raining fire, Stars, Petards, Dragons, Fire-drakes, Feinds,
Gyronels, or Fire-wheeles, Balloons.

2 Such as operate upon the earth, as Crackers, Trunks,
Lanterns, Lights, Tumbling bals, Saucissons, Towers,
Castles, Pyramids, Clubs, Lances, Targets.

3 Such as burn in or on the water, as Rockets, Dolphins,
Ships, Tumbling bals.
.bn 068.png

Part of either of the three kindes are simple, and part
are compounded; part also are fixed, and part moueable.
First I will treat of the diuers compositions, and then of
the Formers, Coffins, and manner of composing euery of
them.

.pm cho
<i>Of the divers compositions of fire workes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First of the compositions of fire workes, for the ayre;
and therein first I will speake of the compositions for
rockets, because that all moueable fireworkes haue their
motion from the force of them accordingly applied.
.pb

.sp 4
.nf c
<i>Compositions for Rockets of all sizes according unto
the prescription of the noted Professors,
Mr </i>Malthus<i>, Mr </i>Norton<i>, and the
French Authour, </i>Des recreationes
Mathematiques<i>.</i>
.nf-

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of one ounce.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder, saltpeter and charcoale, of each
one ounce and a halfe, mingle them together, and it
is done. Note heere, as I told you before, that all your
ingredients ought to be first powdred by themselues, and
afterwards mixed very well together.
.bn 069.png

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of two and three
ounces.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder fowre ounces and a halfe, saltpeter
one ounce, mixe them together.

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of foure ounces.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder fowre pounds, saltpeter one
pound, charcoale fowre ounces, mingle them together.

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of fowre ounces.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder fowre poundes, saltpeter one
pound, charcoale fowre ounces, brimstone halfe an
ounce, mingle them together.

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for all middle sized Rockets.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder one pound, two ounces of charcoales;
mingle them.

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of five or six ounces.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder two pound fiue ounces, of saltpeter
halfe a pound, of charcoale six ounces, of brimstone
and yron scales, of each two ounces, mingle them.
.bn 070.png

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of ten or twelve ounces.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of gunpowder one pound and one ounce, saltpeter
fowre ounces, brimstone three ounces and a halfe,
charcoale one ounce, mingle them.

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of one pound,
or two.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of saltpeter twelue ounces, gunpowder twenty
ounces, and charcoale three ounces, quicke brimstone
and scales of yron, of each one ounce, mingle them.

.pm cho
<i>A Composition for Rockets of eight, nine and
tenne pounds.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take saltpeter eight pounds, charcoale two pounds
twelue ounces, brimstone one pound fowre ounces.
Note that no practitioner (how exact soeuer) ought to
relie upon a receipt, but first to trie one rocket, and if that
be too weake adde more gunpowder, if it be too strong
let him adde more charcoale untill hee finde them flie according
unto his desire. Note that the charcoale is only
to mitigate the violence of the powder, and to make the
tayle of the rocket appeare more beautifull. Note also that
the smaller the rockets be, they need the quicker receipts,
and that in great rockets, there needeth not any gunpowder
at all.
.pb
.bn 071.png

.sp 4
.nf c
<i>The Composition for middle sized Rockets may serve
for Serpents, and for rayning fire, or else the receipt
for Rockets on the ground, which
followeth heereafter.</i>
.nf-

.pm cho
<i>Compositions for Starres.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take saltpeter one pound, brimstone halfe a pound,
gunpowder fowre ounces, this must be bound up in
paper or little ragges, and afterwards primed.

.pm cho
<i>Another receipt for Starres.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of saltpeter one pound, gunpowder and brimston
of each halfe a pound; these must be mixed together,
and of them make a paste, with a sufficient quantity of oile
of peter, or else of fayre water; of this paste you shall
make little balles, and roll them in drie gunpowder dust;
then drie them, and keepe them for your occasions.

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quarter of a pinte of <i>aqua vitæ</i>, and dissolue
therein one ounce, and a halfe of camphire, and dip therin
cotten bumbast, and afterwards roule it up into little
balles; afterwards rowle them in powder of quick brimstone,
and reserue them for use.
.bn 072.png

.pm cho
<i>Another receipt for Starres, whereof you may make
fiends and divers apparitions according unto
your fancie.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take gum dragant, put it into an yron pan, and rost it
in the embers; then powder it, and dissolve it afterwards
in <i>aqua vitæ</i>, and it will become a jellie, then straine it;
dissolve also camphire in other <i>aqua vitæ</i>. Mixe both
these dissolutions together, and sprinkle therein this following
powder.

Take saltpeter one pound, brimstone halfe a pound,
gunpowder three pound, charcoale halfe a pound; when
you have mingled and stirred them well together, mixe
them well with the aforesayd jelly, and then make it into
little balles, or into what fashion else you please, then cool
them in gunpowder dust, and keepe them for use.

.pm cho
<i>Compositions for receipts of fireworkes, that
operate upon the earth.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
For Rockets there needeth onely gunpowder finely
beaten and searced.

Likewise for all the other sorts, searced gunpowder
will serue, which may be abated, or alayed with charcoal
dust at your pleasure.
.pb
.sp 4
.nf c
<l>Compositions for fireworkes that burne upon,
or in the water.</l>
.nf-
.bn 073.png

.pm cho
<i>A Receipt for Rockets that burne upon the water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of saltpeter one pound, brimstone halfe a pound,
gunpowder halfe a pound, charcoales two ounces.
This composition will make the Rockets appeare with a
great fiery tayle. If you desire to have it burne cleare,
then take of saltpeter one pound, three ounces of gunnepowder,
brimstone halfe a pound.

.pm cho
<i>A Receipt of a composition that will burne, and feed
upon the water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take masticke halfe a pound, white Frankincense, gum
sandrake, quickelime, brimstone, bitumen, camphire,
and gunpowder, of each one pound and a halfe, rosin one
pound, saltpeter fowre pounds and a halfe, mixe them all
together.

.pm cho
<i>A Receipt of a composition that will burne
under water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take brimstone one pound, gunpowder nine ounces,
refined saltpeter one pound and a halfe, camphire beaten
with Sulphur, and Quicksilver; mixe them well together
with oyle of peter, or linseed oyle boyled, untill it will
scald a feather. Fill a canvas ball with this composition,
arme it, and ballast it with lead at the bottome, make the
vent at the top, fire it well and cast it into the water, and
it will fume and boyle up slowly.
.bn 074.png

.pm cho
<i>A Receipt of a Composition that will kindle with
the water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of oyle of Tile one pound, Linseed oyle three
pounds, oyle of the yelks of egges one pound, new quick
lime eight pounds, brimstone two pounds, camphire fowr
ounces, bitumen two ounces; mingle all together.

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of Roch peter one pound, flowre of brimstone
nine ounces, coales of rotten wood six ounces, camphire
one ounce and a halfe, oyle of egges, and oyle of Tile enough
to make the mixture into a paste.

Or take callamita one pound, sal niter and asphaltum,
of each fowre ounces, quicke brimstone three ounces, liquid
varnish sixe ounces;
make them all into a paste.
Put eyther of these compositions
into a pot wherein is
quick lime, so that the lime
come round about the past;
then lute it fast, binde it
close with wires, and set it
in a limekiln a whole baking
time, and it will become a stone that any moysture will
kindle.

.il fn=illustration_074.png w=239px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

If you make a little hole in the top of an egge, and let
out all the meat, and fill the shell with the following
.bn 075.png
powder, and stop the hole with wax, and cast it into a
running water, it will break out into a fire.

Take of salt-niter, brimstone, and quick-lyme, of each
a like quantity, mix them.

.il fn=illustration_075.png w=484px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make stouple, or prepare cotten-week to
prime your fire-works with.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take cotten-week, such as the Chandlers use for candles,
double it six or seuen times double, and wet it
throughly in saltpeter water, or aqua vitæ, wherein some
camphire hath been dissolued, or, for want of either, in
faire water; cut it into diuers peeces, rowle it in mealed
gunpowder, or powder and sulphur; then dry them in
the Sun, and reserue them in a box where they may lie
straight, to prime Starres, Rockets, or any other fire-works.
.bn 076.png

.pm cho
<i>How to know the true time, that any quantity of fired
Gun-match that shall doe an exployt at
a time desired.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take common gun-match, rub, or beat the same a little
against a post to soften it; then either dip the same
in salt peter water, and drie it againe in the Sunne, or else
rub it in a little powder and brimstone beaten very small,
and made liquid with a little <i>aqua vitæ</i>, and dried afterwards;
trie first how long one yard of match thus prepared
will burne, which suppose to be a quarter of an howr,
then fowre yards will be a iust howre. Take therefore as
much of this match as will burne so long as you will haue
it to be ere your worke should fire, binde the one end unto
your worke, lay loose powder under, and about it lay
the rest of the match in hollow, or turning so that one
part of it touch not another, and then fire it.

.pm cho
<i>A Water called</i> Aqua Ardens.
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take old red wine, put it into a glased vessell, and put
into it of orpment one pound, quicke sulphur halfe a
pound, quicke lime a quarter of a pound; mingle them
very well, and afterwards distill them in a rosewater still:
a cloth being wet in this water will burne like a candle,
and will not be quenched with water.

// .il fn=illustration_.png w=px alt=''

The Formers are instruments wherewith the coffins
for the fireworkes are made and formed, whereof in order;
and first for Rockets that operate in the ayre. The
Formers for Rockets consist of two parts, represented by
the two next figures following, the uppermost whereof
.bn 077.png
representeth the body
of the Former, which
must bee made of Maple,
Walnut tree, or of
other close & well seasoned
wood, seven inches,
wanting halfe a
quarter in length, turned
equally, and exactly
hollow quite
through, the diameter
of whose hollownesse,
represented by the line
at the top marked at
each end with a, e,
must bee one inch and
a quarter; the breech
of the former is represented
by the lowest
figure, the upper part
wherof, must be made
to enter the body of
the Former; the height
of the whole breech,
beside the broach is 3
inches and a halfe; it
entreth the body of
the Former, one inch
and three quarters; the
top of it must be made
like a halfe nutmeg, in
the midst whereof (as
.bn 078.png
Mr. <i>Malthus</i> and <i>des recreationes Mathematiques</i>) there
must bee fastned an yron broach two inches and a halfe
long: then put the breech into the body, and pierce them
both quite through as the figures doe represent at G and
H; then make a pin as K, L, to pinne them both together,
which must bee made to take out at pleasure: then
marke both the body and breech neere the said hole with
this ★ or any other marke, that you may thereby know
how to fit them afterwards.

.il fn=illustration_077.png w=202px alt=''
.sp 1
.bn 079.png

.il fn=illustration_079.png w=548px alt=''

The next figure marked with M, N, doeth expresse
both the parts of the Former pinned together; unto this
Former there must be made one Rowler expressed by the
figure A; also two rammers expressed by the figures G
H; they must all of them be turned very even and smooth;
let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler expressed
by the line on the top marked I I, be three quarters of an
inch, let it be eight inches long from I, to 2, and have a
hole bored in the very midst of the end, so wide and so
.bn 080.png
deep, that all the broach of the former may enter the
same: this is to rowle the coffin of paper and upon.
The first rammer noted with the figure G, must bee
seuen inches and a halfe long, from 3 to 4, and haue a
hole at the end of it, as the rowler had; this rammer is
to ram the composition into the former (hauing the coffin
in it) untill it bee raysed aboue the broach. The second
rammer noted with the figure H, must be fiue inches and
three quarter long from 5 to 6, and it must haue no hole
at the top as the other had; it serueth to ram the composition
into the coffin, when it is once raysed aboue the
broach. The diameter of the thicknesse of these two
rammers must be a thought lesse than the diameter of the
rowler, to the end they may not hurt the coffin, being driuen
in. Now to make the coffins you must take paper,
parchment, or strong canuasse, rowle it hard upon the
rowler, so often untill it will go stiffe into the body of the
Former: then thrust it rowler and all through the sayd
hollow body of the Former; put then the broach of the
formers breech into the hole of the rowler, and with a
peece of strong packthred choake the coffin within halfe
an inch of the rowlers end (which you may do best, and
with most ease, if you first dip the end of the coffin into
fayre water, so that it may be wet quite through) after you
haue choaked the coffin, you must thrust the breech of
the former, the coffin also with the rowler in it, up into
the body of the former: then pin the breech fast to the
body of the former with the pin, and on the rowler
giue one stroak or two with a mallet lightly, then unpin
the breech, and with the rowler thrust the coffin out of
the bottom of the former, lay it by untill the end be dry.
Thus you may at leisure times make diuers coffins ready
.bn 081.png
to use upon any occasion. The following figure expresseth
an empty coffin.

.il fn=illustration_081.png w=470px alt=''

Take one of these coffins, put it into the Former, and
take the composition for middle-sized rockets (mentioned
before) and put thereof spoonfull after spoonfull, untill
you haue filled the coffin unto the top of the former,
after the putting of euery second spoonfull into the coffin,
with a mallet giue two or three blowes upon the
head of the rammer, that the composition may bee well
rammed into the coffin: euery third or fourth driuing
M. <i>Norton</i> wisheth (if the rockets are to be fired in three
or foure dayes) to dip the rammer in gum-dragant, and
camphir dissolued in spirit of wine, or good <i>aquavitæ</i>: but
if it will bee a month before they will bee fired, then dip
the rammer in oyle of peter, or liquid varnish, and linseed
oyle mixed together: If you would haue the rocket to
giue a report or blow, then within one diameter of the
top, driue a bottom of leather, or six or eight double of
paper, pierce and prime either of them through in three
or foure places, and fill the rest of the coffin with whole
gunpowder; afterwards driue another bottom of leather,
and then with strong packthred choak the coffin close unto
it: then take the rocket out of the Former, and prime
.bn 082.png
it at the broach-hole with a peece of prepared stouple,
and binde unto it a straight rod 6 or 7 times the length of
the rocket, and so heavy, that being put on your finger,
it may ballast the rocket within two or three diameters
of the same: mark the following figure, which represents
a rocket ready made and finished, A, B, the rocket, C, the
stouple that primeth it, D, E, F, the rod bound unto the
rocket with two strings, G, H, I, the hand that poyseth
it.

.il fn=illustration_082.png w=472px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make Serpents.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
The coffins for serpents are made of paper rowled nine
or ten times upon a rowler not much thicker than a
goose quill, and about foure inches long. The coffins
must bee choaked almost in the midst, but so that there
may bee a little hole, through which one may see: the
longest part of the coffins for Serpents must be filled with
the composition specified before: if you would haue it
wamble in the ayre, then choak it not after the composition,
but if you would haue it wamble, then halfe-choak
it, as is demonstrated by the following figure, the shorter
end of the coffin must bee filled with whole gunpowder,
.bn 083.png
and choaked quite up, as appeareth at B, in the figure
M, N, O, which is the figure of a Serpent ready
made.

.il fn=illustration_083_a.png w=362px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make rayning fire.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take diuers goose quils, and cut off the hollow ends of
them, and fill them with the composition before
mentioned, stopping them afterwards with a little wet
gunpowder, that the dry composition may not fall out.

.pm cho
<i>How to make starres.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
I haue sufficiently taught the making of these in describing
their compositions, wherefore I will now onely
present the figures of
them unto your view;
A, A, signifieth two
that are bound up in paper or cloth, and peirced, and primed
with stouple: the other two, E, E, signifie those that
are made up without paper, and need no priming more
than the powder or sulphur dust that they are rowled
in.

.il fn=illustration_083_b.png w=218px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make Petards.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
You must make the coffins for them either of white
yron, or else of paper, or parchment rowled upon a
.bn 084.png
Former for the purpose, and afterwards fitted with a couer,
which must be glewed on: these coffins must be filled
with whole gunpowder, and peirced in
the midst of the broad end, and primed
thereat with prepared stouple; the paper
ones must be couered all ouer with glew,
and the peirced. The figure of a Petard
ready made, and primed, is signified by
the figure E.

.il fn=illustration_084.png w=105px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make compounded
Rockets.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First you must make the Rocket I taught you before;
you must not choake the end of it, but eyther double
downe halfe the coffin, and with the rammer and a mallet,
give it one or two good blowes: then with a bodkin
pierce the paper unto the composition, or else drive a
bottome of leather fitted unto the bore of the Rocket, and
pierce it through in two or three places; then pare or cut
off the coffin equall thereunto; to this end of the rocket
you must binde a coffin wider a great deale then the Rocket
is; strew into it a little gunpowder dust, that it may
cover the bottome of this coffin, and put therein with
their mouthes downeward eyther golden rayne, or serpents,
or both; also starres, or petards; you must put
some gunpowder dust among these; when you have filled
the coffin with these or such like, cover the top of it with
a peece of paper, and paste upon that a picked crowned
.bn 085.png
paper, balast it with a rod, and it is finished; the figure
followeth.

.il fn=illustration_085.png w=467px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make fiends, or fearefull
apparitions.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
These must bee made of the compositions for Starres,
wrought upon cotton weeke dipped in <i>aqua vitæ</i>,
wherein camphire hath beene dissolved, and after what
fashions your fancy doth most affect.

.pm cho
<i>How to make fire Boxes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
You must make the coffins for fire Boxes of paste-board,
rowled upon a Former, of what bignesse you
list; then binde them about with packthread, and glew over
the cords; also glew bottoms unto them, which must
be pierced with a bodkin to prime them at. In these boxes
.bn 086.png
you may put golden rayne,
starres, serpents, petrars, fiends,
devils. The tops of these fire
boxes must bee covered with
paper as the compound Rockets.
Note that you must strew
gunpowder dust a pretty thicknesse
on the bottome of the fire-boxes,
and prime the hole at
the bottome with prepared
stouple.

.il fn=illustration_086.png w=179px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make Swevels.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Swevels are nothing else but Rockets, having in stead
of a rod (to ballast them) a little cane bound fast unto
them, where through the rope passeth. Note that you
must be carefull to have your line strong, even & smooth,
and it must be rubd over with sope that it may not burn.
If you would have your Rockets to returne againe, then
binde two Rockets together, with the breech of one towards
the mouth of the other, and let the stouple that
primeth the one, enter the breech of the other; both kinds
are expressed by the figures, the uppermost whereof representeth
the single one; A B signifieth the Rocket; D
E, the cane bound unto it, through which a rope passeth.
The lowermost representeth the double Rocket; A B
.bn 087.png
signifieth one Rocket, and C D another; E the stouple
that primeth the one, and entreth the breech of the other;
the cane that the rope passeth thorough is supposed to
be behinde the two Rockets.

.il fn=illustration_087.png w=507px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make Gironells, or fire wheeles.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
The making of fire wheeles consisteth onely in the placing
of Rockets, with the mouth of one towards the
tayle of another, round about certaine moveable wheels;
wherefore I thinke it sufficient only to describe the diversity
of their fashions which follow.

.il fn=illustration_088.png w=568px alt=''

.bn 088.png
.bn 089.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make flying Dragons.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
The flying Dragon is somewhat troublesome to compose;
it must be made eyther of dry and light wood,
or crooked-lane plates, or of thin whalebones covered
with Muscovie glasse, and painted over. In the body
thereof, there must bee a voyde cane to passe the rope
through; unto the bottome of this cane must bee bound
one or two large Rockets, according as the bignesse and
weight of the Dragon shall require; the body must bee
filled with divers petrars, that may consume it, and a
sparkling receipt must be so disposed upon it, that being
fired, it may burne both at the mouth and at the tayle
.bn 090.png
thereof; then hang the wings on in such wise, that they
may shake as the Dragon runnes along the line; you may
dispose divers small serpents in the wings; marke the figure.

.il fn=illustration_089.png w=509px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make fire Drakes.</i>
.pm chc

.il fn=illustration_090.png w=481px alt=''

.dc 0.0 0.8
You must take a peece of linnen cloth of a yard or
more in length; it must bee cut after the forme of a
pane of glasse; fasten two light stickes crosse the same, to
make it stand at breadth; then smeare it over with linseed
oyle, and liquid varnish tempered together, or else wet it
with oyle of peter, and unto the longest corner fasten a
.bn 091.png
match prepared with saltpeter water (as I have taught
before) upon which you may fasten divers crackers, or
Saucissons; betwixt every of which, binde a knot of paper
shavings, which will make it flie the better; within a
quarter of a yard of the cloth, let there bee bound a peece
of prepared stoupell, the one end whereof, let touch the
cloth, and the other enter into the end of a Saucisson:
then tie a small rope of length sufficient to rayse it unto
what height you shall desire, and to guide it withall: then
fire the match, and rayse it against the winde in an open
field; and as the match burneth, it will fire the crackers,
and saucissons, which will give divers blowes in the ayre;
and when the fire is once come unto the stoupell, that
will fire the cloth, which will shew very strangely and
fearefully.

.il fn=illustration_092.png w=565px alt=''

.bn 092.png
.bn 093.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make Balloones, also the morter Peece
to discharge them.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
The diameter of the hollownesse of the morter Peece
must be one foot, the longer it is the further it will
carry. Let the diameter of the hollownesse of the sacke
be the third part of a foot, and halfe a foot deepe: it must
have a square foot, and a portfire to strew into the bottome
of the sacke on the side of it; this portfire is to be
made like a cane about three inches long, and have a bottome
sodered unto the inside of the screw, which bottome
must be pierced with a small touch hole. This morter
peece may be made of yron, red copper, or for a neede
.bn 094.png
with pastbord, armed with cord, and glewed ouer, but
the sack, and foot of it must bee made of wood, and
the pastbord morter must bee nayled fast upon it. A Balloone
must be made of canuasse rowled eight or nine times
upon a Former, it must bee made so, that it will easily go
into the morter peece; into this Balloone you may put
Rockets, Serpents, Starres, Fiends, Petards, and one or
two Saucissons to breake the Balloone; then choak it up
with cord, and prime it with a little cane rammed full of
a slow composition; fill the stock of the morter peece full
of whole gunpowder, then screw on the portfire, O, then
put the Balloone down to the bottom of the morter with
the cane that primeth it, downward into the stock; then
with tallow or grease stop the chinks between the Balloone
and the morter, and it is ready to bee discharged,
which you may do by putting fire to the portfire, and
while that burneth, retreat out of harmes way.

.il fn=illustration_093.png w=421px alt=''

A, the figure of the morterpeece with its portfire, O.
B, C, a Balloone ready made. D, an empty coffin for a
Balloone.
.pb
.sp 4
.nf c
<l>Of Fire-works for the earth.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.pm cho
<i>How to make Rockets for the earth.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
The moulds for these Rockets for the earth are not
made like those for the ayre, because that it is required
that these should last longer, and haue a more gentle
motion: obserue therefore the following directions for
the making of them, which may serue for all occasions,
without any alteration for bigger or lesser. Let the diameter
.bn 095.png
of their hollownesse bee halfe an inch, let their hollownesse
be five or six inches long, let the rowler for to
rowle the coffins on, bee the third part of an inch thick,
and let the rammer to charge it bee a thought lesse, let the
breech bee three quarters of an inch long, and let the
breech enter halfe an inch into the mould, then fill it with
the composition proper for it, obseruing those rules in
the ramming it, as you did in ramming rockets for the
ayre; when you haue filled it within an inch of the top
of the mould, double down a quarter of the coffin, beating
it with three or foure strokes of the mallet; then with
a bodkin peirce it in two or three places, and then put in
the quantity of a pistoll charge of whole gunpowder, then
double down the halfe of the coffin, giuing it a gentle
blow or two with the mallet, and with a strong packthred
choak the rest of the coffin, and what remaineth after the
coffin is choaked, cut it of, and it is made.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Crackers.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
It is well known, that euery boy can make these, therefore
I think it will be but labour lost, to bestow time to
describe their making: only thus much, if you would
make a Cracker to giue forty, fifty, a hundred, or two
hundred blowes, one after another, then binde so many
Crackers upon a stick, so that the end of the one may
joyne to the mouth of the other.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Trunkes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
These you may make of paste-board, paper, or wood,
and of what bignesse and length you please, and ram
.bn 096.png
them full of the composition of Rockets for the earth; if
you would have them to change colour, then alter the
composition that is, put in two or three spoonfulls of the
composition of Rockets for the water, and ramme that
in, then put in two or three spoonfulls of the composition
of Rockets for the ayre, and ramme that in, then put in
two or three spoonfulls of gunpowder dust, and ramme
that in, doe so till you have quite filled it, then tie a bottome
of leather upon it, and pierce it and prime it with
stoupell; after the same manner may you make lanternes
and lights.

.pm cho
<i>How to make tumbling balls.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Make a ball of canvas, and fasten in it a double Rocket
for the earth; you may stuffe the rest of the ball
with a slow composition of two parts charcoale dust, and
one part of gunpowder dust, mingled together, and put
divers petrards amongst it.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Saucissons.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Saucissons are of two sorts, eyther to be placed upon a
frame, or such like, and so to bee discharged with a
trayne of gunpowder, or else to bee discharged out of the
morter-peece. The standing Saucisson is thus made; you
must roll paper or canvas, nine or ten times upon a roller
as A, B, and choake the one end of it: fill it then with
.bn 097.png
whole gunpowder, and then choake the other end also,
then cover all the Saucisson with cord, and glew it over;
then pierce one end of it, and prime it with a quill filled
with gunpowder dust; place it upon a forme having a
hole for the quill to passe thorough; then fire it by a
traine of gunpowder layd under the frame, it will give a
report like a canon: marke the figure F F.

.il fn=illustration_097.png w=255px alt=''

.bn 098.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make the flying Saucisson to be delivered out
of the morter peece.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Make a coffin for this, as
you did for the former;
first, fill it almost with
whole gunpowder, then put
upon that gunpowder dust,
which you must ramme hard
into the coffin, so that it may
bee one finger thicke; then
choake it close, and arme,
and prime it as you did the
former. It is represented by
the figure, K M.

.il fn=illustration_098.png w=206px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>How to make a fire sword.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
You must make a sword of woode, having a deepe
channell in the backe of it, wherein place first a Rocket
for the ground; then two or three serpents upright;
(with their mouthes inward) let the stoupell that primeth
.bn 099.png
the Rocket come under the mouth of the serpents, so that
being kindled, it may set them on fire, and enter the
breech of the next rocket, so fill the channell quite full
with rockets and serpents, binde the rockets fast into the
channell, but the serpents must be placed so, that being
once fired, they may fly out of the channell, and it is
made: mark the figure G, P.

.il fn=illustration_099.png w=422px alt=''

.pm cho
<i>The description and making of three sorts
of Fire-lances.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
To make the first Fire-lance, whose figure is noted
A, you must make a hollow trunk of what length or
bignesse you please, either of wood, paper, or pastbord
rowled on a rowler, and armed with some cord and glew:
first put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one
or two fingers thick; then ram upon it a pastebord peirced
with a little hole in the middle, hauing a quill fastned
in it, which quill must be filled with a slow composition,
or else with gunpowder dust: this quill must stand up in
the lance two or three inches; then fill the coffin up to
the top of the said quill with starres, and strew among the
starres some gunpowder dust, then put pastebord ouer
them, having a hole for the quill fastned in the former
bottom of pastebord to passe; then upon this pastebord
.bn 100.png
ram gunpowder dust one or two fingers thick, then put a
row of serpents in, and in the midst of the serpents put a
cane open at both ends, and filled with gunpowder dust;
this cane must be somewhat longer than the serpents, and
it must passe through a pastebord, which must bee put ouer:
then put some more gunpowder dust, and ram it in
upon it, and upon that put another row of serpents, with
a cane in the midst of them filled with a slow composition,
and upon them put gunpowder dust, or else a slow
composition, ramming it in till the lance bee full; then
put a pastebord upon it, and in the midst of the pastebord
put a little cane filled with a slow composition, then fasten
it upon a staffe of what length you will, and it is
made.

.il fn=illustration_101.png w=330px alt=''

To make the second Fire-lance, you must prepare a
trunk like unto the former, first ram in the bottom of it
some of the composition of rockets for the earth about
two fingers thick, then put a pastebord upon it, having a
petard fastned in the middest; this pastebord must bee
pierced in three or foure places, round about the petard,
that thereby the powder that is rammed ouer the paste-bord
may take fire: then ram in some more composition
upon the petard, about two or three fingers thick, then
another petard, then more composition, so doing untill
you have filled the trunk: then fasten it upon a staffe, and
prime it as you did the former, it is represented by
the figure noted B.

To make the third Fire-lance you must haue a trunk
also, which must bee rammed full of a slow composition,
of two parts charcoale dust, and one part gunpowder
dust well mixed, prime it as the former, then bore divers
holes round about it, from the top to the bottom, into every
.bn 101.png
of which holes glew a saucisson, or a serpent, or a
little ball filled with gunpowder dust, and having a petard
in the middle: either of these must bee well primed, and
their primed ends must be towards the inside of the lance,
.bn 102.png
so that as the lance burneth downward, it may orderly
give fire unto the saucissons, bals, and serpents: the figure
D representeth a lance having three rowes of serpents,
three rowes of bals, and three rowes of saucissons,
fastned round about it.

.pm cho
<i>The description and making of two sorts
of Fire-clubs.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
To make the first you must make an ovall ball of paste-bord,
canvasse, or parchment glewed together, which
you must first fill with a slow composition, ram it in, and
then bore divers holes round about it, and put therein serpents,
fire bals, or what you will: fasten it upon a staffe,
and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a slow
composition: this is represented by the figure A, A.

.il fn=illustration_103.png w=305px alt=''

To make the second you must fill divers canes open at
both ends (and of a foot long, or more, or lesse, as you
think fit) with a slow composition, and binde them upon
a staffe of foure or five foot long; prime them so that one
being ended, another may begin: you may prime them
with a stouple or match (prepared as before) make an osier
basket about it with a hole in the very top to fire it
by, and it is done.

The figure F, F, representeth the staffe, with the canes
bound upon it. The figure marked G, representeth the
staffe having a basket wrought over it.
.bn 103.png
.bn 104.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make a Fire-target.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Make a Target of osier twigs, or else of light wood, &
binde it upon it divers canes filled with a very slow
composition: the canes must bee open at both ends, and
primed with stouple, that one may give fire unto another:
in the midst of all you may set up a large cane also,
if you please, which you may fill with the same composition
as you did the others. Mark the figure L, M, N, O.

.il fn=illustration_104.png w=326px alt=''
.pb
.sp 4
.nf c
<l>Of Fire-works for the water.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.pm cho
<i>How to make Rockets for the water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
The diameter of hollownesse of the mould for Rockets
that swim on the water, must be one inch, and eight
.bn 105.png
inches long: let the breech enter into the body of the
Rocket one inch, and it must have no broach at all in it.
Let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler bee three
quarters of an inch, the rammer must be a thought lesser;
then ram it full of the composition of Rockets for the
water; joyne to the upper end of it a Saucisson: then couer
it all over with melted pitch, rosin, wax, or tallow, to
the end that the water may not spoyle the coffins; and to
make it float along the water, binde a rod about two foot
long, as you did unto the rockets for the ayre: now if you
would have the rocket to change his actions, (that is, to
swim one while above the water, and one while under
the water) then put into it in the filling, one spoonfull
of composition, and ram that in; then one spoonfull
of whole powder, and ram that in; and then another of
composition, and after that another of whole gunpowder,
so do untill you have filled it quite. If you would
have it change colour, then shift the composition divers
times, (that is, put in one spoonfull of the composition of
rockets for the water, then another spoonfull of the composition
of rockets for the ayre, or rochpeter and gunpowder
mixed) untill you have filled it.

.pm cho
<i>How to make a Rocket that shall burne a good
while in the water, and then mount
up into the ayre.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First you shall make a rocket for the water, and binde
unto the lower end a stick about two foot and a halfe
long, having a large hole in the end thereof: then tie unto
it (but loosly, so that it may easily slip out) a rocket for
.bn 106.png
the ayre, and let the stouple that primeth for the rocket
for the ayre, enter into the breech of the water rocket,
then let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter
into the hole of the rod of the rocket for the water: besmeare
then both the rockets with tallow, grease, or wax,
or any oyle colour that the water may not spoyle the
coffins of the rockets; then hang a stone at the bottom
of the stick that hath the hole in it, to make it sink down
into the water; then fire the water rocket, and cast them
into the water; the fired rocket will burne in the water,
and being consumed, will giue fire unto the other rocket,
which being loosly tyed, will slip the bond, and mount
up into the ayre. This is represented by the figure G, G.
The floating rocket mentioned before, is expressed by the
figure noted I, K.

.il fn=illustration_106.png w=498px alt=''

.bn 107.png

.pm cho
<i>The description and making of two sorts of fire bals
for the water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
For to make the first, you must make a ball of Canvas,
about the bignesse of a Foot-ball, or bigger if you
please, and fasten in it a double Rocket for the water: if
you will, also you may stuffe the rest of the ball with the
composition that will burne under the water, and cut
holes in the sides, and therein fasten other bals, and petrards
in them: then cover the ball over with Tallow,
Pitch, or painting, except the place where the Rocket is
primed, and it is done. It is represented by the figure noted
with A, and it will tumble up and downe in the water.

.il fn=illustration_107.png w=491px alt=''

.bn 108.png

To make the second fire-ball, you must first make a
ball of Canvas, Pasteboard, or such like, and cut a wide
hole in the top of it, and place in it a channell of Tinne
pierced in divers places: fill the channell with the compositions
of Rockets for the water; against every hole therof,
place a petrard: cover it with a cover, pitch it over, and
prime it, then ballast it with leade, or a stone, that the vent
may burne upwards, and it is done. It is represented by
the figure B.

.pm cho
<i>How to make a Dolphin.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
You must make the body of it of Pasteboard glued together,
fill the body with the composition of Rockets
for the water, pierce it in the back with divers little holes,
.bn 109.png
wherein put Serpents, besmeare the body all ouer with
the following pap: Take gunpowder dust, foure ounces,
camphire, and sulphur, or brimstone in powder, of each
one ounce, make them into a soft pap with oyle of tiles,
then binde unto it a large Rocket for the water, which
Rocket must be armed (as afore) that the water may not
hurt it: then ballast it with a wyre, hauing at each end a
piece of lead of weight sufficient, and it is done. Marke
the figure.

.il fn=illustration_108.png w=507px alt=''

I might haue beene infinite in the describing of such
like with Ships, Towres, Castles, Piramides. But considering
that it would but increase the price of the booke,
and not better your understanding: since all consist of the
former workes, which are so plainely described, as that
the most ignorant may easily conceiue thereof, and (if
any whit ingenious) thence contriue others, of what fashion
they list.

.sp 4
.nf c
<xl><i>FINIS.</i></xl>
.nf-
.bn 110.png
.bn 111.png

.pb

.sp 4
.nf c
<xl>THE
THIRD BOOKE</xl>

<l>Of Drawing, Limming, Colouring,
Painting, and Graving.</l>

By <i>I. B.</i>
.nf-

.pm ic illustration_111.png 446px 'THE THIRD BOOKE'

.nf c
<i>LONDON.</i>

Printed by <sc>Thomas Harper</sc>, for <sc>Ralph Mab</sc>,

1634.
.nf-
.bn 112.png
.bn 113.png

.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_113.png 421px 'of Drawing, Painting, Limming, Graving'

.nf c
<xl>THE THIRD BOOKE</xl>
<l>of Drawing, Painting, Limming,
Graving.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.di drop_cap_113.png 163 160 0.7
The Art of <i>Drawing</i> is in it selfe most
excellent, and most worthy commendations
in whosoever it is; yea
it is an Art so necessarie unto all ingenious
Artists, as that in no wise
they can be without it, and my selfe
haue found it to bee true, that the
sight of a good draught is more unto an ingenious person,
then a whole Chaptor of Information; Wherefore
I have, according unto my knowledge and practise therein,
faithfully penned the same; for the use of all such as
beare affection unto the Art, and are desirous to be instructed
therein: And for that divers persons cannot attaine
unto it, or perhaps are loath to bestow any time to
practise it: whereby they might come to a requisite perfection:
for such I have set downe certaine directions,
and those so facile, and easie; that persons altogether unskilfull,
may (having a patterne) worke very well; But
.bn 114.png
before I begin, it behooveth that I prescribe what things
are to be had in readinesse to worke withall: first therefore
provide good smooth and cleare paper, divers plummets
made of blacke leade, oker, or blacke chalke, or else
Charcoals made of Ash, Sallow, or Beech, split in sunder,
and pointed; also a wing: having provided these your
implements, you shall thus begin to worke. First, let the
thing, whose pourtrature you intend to take, stand before
you, so that the light be not hindred from falling upon
it, and with a pointed peece of charcoale draw it rustically;
which when you have done, consider a while whether
all the parts thereof are proportionable, and whether
it carry the semblance of the thing that you drew it from,
which if it do not, wipe it out with your wing, and begin
anew: but if it be faulty in one part onely, wipe onely
that part out, and draw it againe; whensoever it liketh
you, or that you have so drawne it, that you can finde no
great fault in it: wipe it over gently with your wing, so
that you may perceive the former strokes: then with your
blacke chalke, or blacke lead plummets; draw it as perfectly,
and as curiously as you can, and shadow it according
as the light falleth upon it; This way is workeman
like, and the most difficult of all, yet by a little practice
may easily be attained unto: so that the persons stand well
affected unto the Art. Instead of white paper, you may
take light coloured blew paper, and draw upon it with
charcoale, and white chalke pointed, which will shew very
wel: but note, that after you have made your draught,
you must wet it in faire water, and let it dry of it selfe; this
will make the drawing to hold fast on, which would
otherwise easily be wiped off. This may serve for such as
are contented to take some paines to attaine so noble a
.bn 115.png
Science. But for others there are divers other helps, which
follow in order.

.pm cho
<i>How to take the perfect draught of any printed, or
painted Picture.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a sheete of Venice (or in stead thereof) of the
finest white paper that you can get: wet it all ouer
with cleane sallet oyle: then wipe the oyle off from
the paper, as cleane as you can, so that the paper may be
dry, otherwise it will spoyle a printed picture by the soaking
through of the oyle: hauing thus prepared your paper,
lay it upon any painted or printed picture, and you
shall see the picture through the same more perfectly appearing,
then through glasse, and so with a blacke lead
pen, you may draw it ouer with ease, and better first with
a soft char-cole, and then with a pen. After that you haue
thus drawne the picture upon the oyled paper, put it upon
a sheete of cleane white paper, and with a little sticke
pointed, or (which is better) with a feather taken out of
a Swallowes wing: draw ouer the picture againe, and so
you shall haue the same very prettily and neatly drawne
upon the white paper, which you may set out with colours,
as shall be taught hereafter.

.pm cho
<i>Another way.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Having drawne the picture, first open the oyled paper,
put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper, and
pricke ouer the same drawing, with a good big pin, then
from the cleane sheete, that is pricked, pounce it upon
.bn 116.png
another: that is, take some small coale, powder it fine, and
wrap it in a piece of Tiffanie or such like, and binde it up
therein loosely, and clap it lightly ouer all the pricked
lines by little and little, and afterwards draw it ouer again
with a Pen or Pencill, or otherwise as you please.

.pm cho
<i>Another way very pretty and easie to be performed.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take some Lake, and grinde it fine, and temper it with
Linseed oyle, and afterwards with a pen, draw with
this mixture (in stead of Inke) all the out stroaks of any
printed picture, also the muscles: then wet the contrary
side of the picture, and presse it hard upon a sheete of
cleane white paper, and it will leaue behinde it all the
stroakes of the said picture that you draw ouer.

.pm cho
<i>Another way much like the former.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Printers Blacking, grinde it fine, and temper it
with faire water, and with a pen dipt therein, draw
ouer the master stroakes and out lines of the muscles: wet
then a faire paper with a spunge, and clap the picture upon
it, pressing it very hard thereupon, and you shall finde
the stroakes you drew, left upon the faire paper.

.pm cho
<i>An easie way to lessen any picture: that is, to draw
a picture from another, in a lesser compasse.</i>
.pm chc

.il fn=illustration_117.png w=477px alt=''

// .il fn=illustration_.png w=px alt=''

.dc 0.0 0.8
First, with a ruler, and a blacke lead plummet, draw a
line at the very top: also another at the bottome paralell,
.bn 117.png
or equally distant from the other: from the upper
line, let fall two perpendicular or plum-lines euen unto
the lowermost line, so those foure lines will make a
square: now you must diuide this square into diuers equall
parts, with a paire of compasses, and draw lines with a
ruler and blacke lead plummet, quite over the picture: so
the lesselines will divide the picture into equall parts or
squares: then take a faire paper, and make as many squares
upon it, as there is in the picture: you may make them as
little as you will, but be sure that they are equall, and of
just number with those in the picture. Having thus crossed
your picture, and drawne over your faire paper into
squares, take a blacke lead pen, and draw the picture by
little and little, passing from square unto square, untill you
have finished the whole: still observing the order of the
squares as they stand in either: then draw it ouer with a
pen, in which second drawing of it over, you may easily
mend any fault: when it is dry, rub it over with the crum
.bn 118.png
of white bread, and it will take off all the blacke lead
strokes, and your draught onely will remaine faire upon
the paper or parchment. Here I might have entred into
discourse of drawing paralels, perpendiculars, making of
squares, and such like: but to deal truely, I was as loth to
trouble my selfe, as to wearie you: you shall neede onely
to provide a ruler of thin brasse or copper, having a crosse
thwart one end of it: the charge will not be much, nor the
use tedious: the figure followeth, noted A, B.

.il fn=illustration_118_a.png w=397px alt=''
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_118_b.png w=280px alt=''

Let <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>c</i>, <i>d</i>, be a line given, whereon to erect a perpendicular
or plumb line: lay the ruler so, that the crosse
over the end of it, may lye full upon the Line, then draw
a Line by the side of the rule, and it is done.
.bn 119.png

.pm cho
<i>A verie easie way, to describe a Towne, or Castle:
being within the full sight thereof.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
For the effecting of this, you must have a frame made,
and crossed into equall squares with Lute strings, and
figured at the end of each string: this frame must have a
foot, wherein it must be made to be lifted higher or lower
as occasion serveth; also you must divide your paper that
you are to draw upon into so many equal squares as your
frame containeth: having the like figures at the ends of
each line that there is on the frame; before this frame
must be placed a style or bodkin having a little glasse on
the top of it for to direct the sight. Note now that the
nearer any thing commeth unto the Center, the lesser it
appeareth: hence it is that a Towne of a mile, or more
long, or a huge great Castle, at a distance may be comprehended,
and that easily within the limits of so small a
frame; By the stile direct your sight from one part to another,
beginning at one square, and proceeding through
the rest in order as they lie; Marke well the following
figure.

.il fn=illustration_120.png w=530px alt=''

.bn 120.png
.bn 121.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make a Deske: by meanes whereof you may
draw, and that most exactly with great facilitie
any printed picture, or sollid Image.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First let there be a frame made, and with hinges let be
joynted unto a board of equall breadth unto it: let
this frame also have two stayes at the top, at each end
one, by meanes whereof the deske may be raised higher,
or lower, as need shall require; then fasten to the frame
a peece of pure cleare glasse fitted thereunto, and it is finished.
The figure followeth.

.il fn=illustration_121.png w=346px alt=''
.ca <i>The Deske.</i>

The manner of using this Deske is thus. If the picture
that you intend to draw be a printed one, then first fasten
it next unto the Deske with waxe, paste, or such like: upon
it fasten a sheet of faire paper: If it be in the day-time
place the backe of it towards the Sunne; if it be in the
night that you worke, place a lampe behinde it, and so
you shall see perfectly every (even the least) stroake of
the picture, which with your penne you may draw as
.bn 122.png
acurately as any Limmer whatsoever. If it be a solid
peece, then place it behinde the Deske, betweene the light
and the Deske: then fasten a sheet of cleane white paper
upon the Deske; raise then the Deske higher, or lower
untill you see the perfect shadow of the image through
your Deske, and paper, and then draw the posture of the
Image, and shadow it afterwards (without the Deske) as
light falleth upon it.

.pm cho
<i>An easie way to take the naturall, and lively shape
of the leafe of any hearbe or tree, which thing passeth
the Art of man to imitate with Pen or Pensill.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First take the leafe that you would have, and gently
bruise the ribs and veines on the backe side of it, afterwards
wet that side with Linseed-oyle, and then presse
it hard upon a peece of cleane white paper, and so you
shall have the perfect figure of the said leafe, with every
veine thereof, so exactly exprest as being lively coloured,
it would seeme to bee truly naturall, by this we learne,
that Nature being but a little adjuvated or seconded
with Art, can worke wonders.

Now for the farther information of such as are desirous
of exemplarie instruction, I have set downe in order following
the delineation of the proportion of such things
as in my judgement seemed most necessarie for young beginners,
and those in such easie demonstrations as for the
most part they consist of equall squares, and require no
more for their right understanding, then diligent observation,
I might have filled a whole Booke of such like:
but having considered that what I had done, was a sufficient
ground for a farther procession, I thought fitting to
leave each person to the exercise and practice of his best
Invention.
.bn 123.png

.il fn=illustration_123.png w=528px alt=''
.bn 124.png
.bn 125.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_125.png w=509px alt=''
.bn 126.png
.bn 127.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_127.png w=467px alt=''
.bn 128.png
.bn 129.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_129.png w=521px alt=''
.bn 130.png
.bn 131.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_131.png w=502px alt=''
.bn 132.png
.bn 133.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_133.png w=505px alt=''
.bn 134.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_134.png w=601px alt=''
.bn 135.png
.sp 1
.il fn=illustration_135.png w=755px alt=''
.bn 136.png

.pm cho //actually std para format
<i>I thought fitting to give you a word or two, wherefore
I have not made the crosse pricked lines to passe
through the figures.</i>
.pm chc

The reason is, 1 because the figure would have beene
thereby somwhat defaced; 2 because some chuse rather
to draw without such rules; 3 for others with a ruler
and black lead plummet they may crosse the figures
through, and with white bread crums take out the same
againe at pleasure.
.bn 137.png

.pb

.sp 4
.nf c
<l>Of Painting.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.di drop_cap_137.png 117 116 0.7
The principall end and subject of this Art,
is to set out things both in proportion of
parts, and livelinesse of colour.

For the former, the proportion of parts,
I have given sufficient information for the
meanest capacitie in the precedent part of this tractat:
now therefore I will speake of the other, the colouring or
setting out in colours. But first provide a frame or Easel
called by Artists, which is very necessary to worke upon,
especially in greater pieces of worke: the forme whereof
followeth.

.il fn=illustration_137.png w=216px alt=''
.ca <i>The Easel.</i>
.bn 138.png

Also you must provide divers little shels to put your
colours in, also pensils of all sorts, both for priming and
other: a light ruler of one foot and a halfe, or two foot
long: and colours of all sorts ground very fine upon a
porphire or marble. Having provided these, you shall set
to worke, observing the subsequent directions.

Painting may be performed either with water colours,
or with oyle colours.

First I will speake of water colours, wherein I shall observe
two things.

First, the diversitie of colours, and preparations. Secondly,
their mixture, and manner of laying them on the
ground.

First of the first, the diversitie of colours and their preparation.

Colours are either simple or compounded, meerely
tinctures of vegetables, or substances of minerals, or both:
the simple colours are such as of themselves, being tempered
with the water or oyle, doe give a colour. The compounded
are such, whose ingredients do exceed the number
of one. Vegetables are rootes, juces, berries, and such
like things as grow out of the earth. Minerals are such as
are dig'd out of the earth, as earth, and stones, &c. All
which follow in order, as well their preparations, as description.
First note that every colour to be ground, ought
first to be ground with the gall of a neat: then let them
dry of themselves in a cold place, afterwards grinde them
with gumme water for your use.

Now I am come to the second thing observable (to
wit) the mixture and laying the colours on the grounds,
which is thus: your colours prepared for use, ought to be
tempered according unto direction, still observing a
.bn 139.png
meane: and to that end, mixe them by little and little, till
the colour please you; first you must lay on the ground
colour, and let it dry throughly: then with a small pensill,
pricke on the second colour, else it will be apt to run
abroad, nor can you worke it so well, to make it seeme
liuely, as you may by pricking it one, specially in small
peeces.

If you are to paint ouer maps, or printed pictures that
haue writing in them, they use to lay on the thinnest colours,
and alwaies before you lay any colours upon paper,
wet the backe side of it with faire water, wherein
store of Allum hath been dissolued, and let it dry of it
selfe: after wet it againe, and let it dry: doe it the third
time, for this will strengthen the paper, that the colour
shall not sinke through it, and moreouer it will make the
colour shew the brighter, and last, the better.

.pm cho
<i>To make Gum water to temper your Colours with.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take cleane water, and put into it of gum Arabicke a
little, and let it stand untill the gumme be dissolued.
Now you must haue a care that it be neither too thicke,
by reason of the Gumme, nor yet too thin: for with the
one you cannot worke well, and the other will not binde
the colour fast.

.pm cho
<i>A Purple colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take two pound of Heidleber, two ounces of Allum,
halfe an ounce of ashes of Copper, halfe a pound of
water; put them into a Skillet, and let them boyle till a
.bn 140.png
third be consumed: when it is cold, straine it into a cleane
vessell, and let it stand a while, then straine it into another,
and then let it stand till it be thicke enough.

.pm cho
<i>A Crane Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
You must onely grinde blacke Lead with Gum water.

.pm cho
<i>Browne Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take good browne, and grinde it with Gumme water:
his false colour is made with two parts browne,
and a third part white lead, sad it with the same browne.

.pm cho
<i>Hayre Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Vmber or Spanish browne, grinde it, temper it
with Gumme water.

.pm cho
<i>A Blew.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Boyle Mulberries with Allum.

.pm cho
<i>An Emerauld Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Verdigreese, and grinde it first dry, and put unto
it a little of the Gall of a neat: also of Saffron, and the
juyce of Rew, of each a little: grinde them together, and
put them into a shell, and let it dry there: when you
would use it, grinde it againe with Vineger or Verjuce,
and a little neats gall dissolved in either of them. His false
colour is two parts greene, and a third ceruse: it must bee
sadded with a good greene.
.bn 141.png

.pm cho
<i>A Motlie greene.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is compounded of red and greene.

.pm cho
<i>A blacke Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First you must lay on a light blacke, mingled with
white lead, and afterwards when it is dry, sad it with
good blacke; for sad blacke, mixe Indie Baudias with
Gumme water.

.pm cho
<i>A marble or ashe colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This is compounded of blacke and white.

.pm cho
<i>A russet or sad Browne.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is made by compounding a little white,
with a good quantity of red.

.pm cho
<i>A browne Blew.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take two parts of Indie Baudias, and a third of ceruse
and temper them with gumme water.

.pm cho
<i>A Brasse Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This is compounded of Masticot and Vmber.

.pm cho
<i>A gold yellow for Armes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Orpment, and Masticot, grinde each by themselves:
but in grinding of the Masticot, adde a little
Saffron, and worke with them. Note you may alay your
.bn 142.png
Orpment with chalke, and sadde it with browne of Spain
or Oker de Luke.

.pm cho
<i>Azure.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of white lead foure ounces, of Indicum two ounces,
put them into a leaden pot with vinegar: boyle
them well, and that which swimmes on the top is the
colour.

.pm cho
<i>A purple or violet Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This is a compounded colour, and it is made either
by mixing a quantitie of Azure, and a portion of
Turnsole: or else by mixing a quantitie of cusset, and a
quantitie of Azure.

.pm cho
<i>Sanguine or Blood-colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
TThis is likewise a compounded colour, and it is made
by mixing a good quantitie of Cinaper with a little
blacke.

.pm cho
<i>Orange-tawny.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is compounded of a bright red, and a bright
yellow.

.pm cho
<i>A Lyon-tawny.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is made by mixing red lead and Masticot
together.
.bn 143.png

.pm cho
<i>A Carnation, or Flesh-colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First you must lay on a white colour tempered with
gumme-water, and when it is drie you must go it over
againe with Vermillion or lake, or else you must temper
ceruse and vermilleon together, and being dry, go over it
againe with lake or vermillion.

.pm cho
<i>A Peach Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This is compounded of Ceruse and Vermillion.

.pm cho
<i>A Skie Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is compounded of vermilleon and azure.

.pm cho
<i>A Blood red.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is made of Cinaper, and afterwards sadded
with Vermilleon at the sides, or else with a
browne colour. A bloudy colour, grinde Cinaper,
Lake, and Cinaper tops, put them into good water, and
if they be too light, put to them a little Turnsole.

.pm cho
<i>A Lincoln-greene.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is compounded of a good greene and
Saffron.

.pm cho
<i>A Poppin-jay greene.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
This colour is compounded of azure, and masticot.
.bn 144.png

.pm cho
<i>A good yellow.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Saffron, or Cambugium, and temper it with gum-water.
Sad it with Vermilleon.

.pm cho
<i>A sable or blacke.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a Torch, hold it under a lattyn Bason, temper that
blacke with gumme-water.

.pm cho
<i>A velvet-blacke.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Bvrne harts-horne on a Colliers hearth; then grinde it
with the gaul of a neat, put it into a shell, and let it
dry in the shade: when you would use it, grinde it againe
with gumme-water.

.pm cho
<i>To write gold with Pen or Pensil.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a shell of gold, and put a little gum-water unto it,
and temper it together, and then you may write with
it as with other colours.

.pm cho
<i>To make Azure, or bise sadder.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take blew Turnsole, wet it in gum-water, and then
wring it out, and mixe it either with Bise, or else over-shadow
the Bise with it.

.pm cho
<i>Red Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Vermillion, and temper it with gumme water:
His false colour is two parts vermillion, and a third
part ceruse.
.bn 145.png

.pm cho
<i>Another Red.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take russet, and temper it with gumme-water, clay it
with ceruse, and sad it with it selfe.

.pm cho
<i>Another Red.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Brassill in grosse powder, allum in powder: steep
them in gum water a night and a day: then straine it,
and keepe it for use.

.pm cho
<i>A greene Colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Copper plates, put them in a copper pot, & put
distilled vineger to them: set them in a warme place
till the vinegar become blew, then put it out into
another leaded pot, and poure more vinegar into it again;
let it stand so till it become blew; this do so many times
till you thinke you have enough: then let it stand till it
be thicke.

.pm cho
<i>To make good Inke.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take two handfuls of gauls, cut each gaul into
three or foure peeces, poure into them a pint of
beere or wine, then let it stand eight houres;
straine it from the gauls, and put vitreoll therein, and to
the vitreoll a third part of gumme, set it on the fire to
warme; but let it not seethe, and it will be good Inke, and
of these gauls you may make Inke foure or five times
more.
.bn 146.png

.pm cho
<i>To seethe Brasill.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take an ounce of Brasill, twelve ounces of beere,
wine, or vinegar, put it in a new pot, let it stand a
night; and in the morning set it on the fire, and
let it seethe till halfe be consumed: then put into it two
peny worth of allum beaten together, and as much beaten
gum-Arabicke: stirre them well together, and let them
seethe againe; if you desire to have it somewhat darke,
then scrape a little chalke into it when it seetheth: let it
not seethe over the pot: when it is cold straine it through
a cloth, and put it into a glass well stopt.

.pm cho
<i>Aurum Musicum.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take one ounce of Salarmoniack, one ounce of quicksilver
of counterfein, halfe an ounce of brimstone,
bruise the brimstone, and set it on the fire, but let it not
be over hot (lest it burne) then take the Salarmoniacke,
and the quicksilver being in powder: mixe them well together,
then mingle with them the brimstone: stirre them
well, and quickly with a sticke till the brimstone become
hard, then let it coole, grinde it on a stone, and put it in a
glasse well stopt with waxe, and set it in a pan with ashes;
make a fire under it, and let it stand halfe a day in that
manner (but not over hot) till a yellow smoke riseth on
it, and when the yellow smoke is gone it is prepared.

.pm cho
<i>Argentum Musicum.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take an ounce of Tynne, melt it, and put thereto one
ounce of tartar, and one ounce of quicksilver, stirre
.bn 147.png
them well till they be cold: then beat all in a morter, and
grinde it on a stone; temper it with gumme-water, and
write therewith, and afterward polish it.

.pm cho
<i>To write a gold colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a new hennes egge, make a hole at one end, and
let the substance out, then take the yolke without the
white, and foure times as much in quantitie of quicksilver;
grinde them well together, and put them into the
shell; stop the hole thereof with chalke, and the white of
an egge, then lay it under an henne that sitteth with sixe
more, let her sit on it three weeks, then breake it up, and
write with it.

.pm cho
<i>To write with gold out of a Pensil.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take honey, and salt a like quantitie, grinde them well,
and put to them a leafe of gold, with a little white
of an egge; put it into a mussell shell, and let it purifie;
then temper it with gumme-water, and write with it, pollish
it.

Or else grinde a leafe of silver, or gold, very small with
gumme-water, and wash it in a mussell shell as aforesaid.

.pm cho
<i>To temper Azure or Bise.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Azure or Bise, and grinde it on a stone with
cleane water; then put it in a broad glasse, or shell, and
when it hath stood a while all the dregs will sleet above,
and the cleane colour will fall to the bottome; then poure
out the water with the dregs, and poure the azure in
.bn 148.png
cleane water againe; then stirre the colour and water together,
and let it stand, and fine, and after that poure out
the water, and dregs againe: do thus till it be well purged;
then grinde it againe on a stone with gumme-water,
and put it into a horne, or shell; when you paint or write,
stirre it, and let the sticke drop into the pen, for it will
sinke to the bottome as lead.

.pm cho
<i>To temper Turnsole.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Turnsole, and wet it once or twice in cleare water,
and let it lye till it be well steeped; then wring it
into a dish till the colour be good, and sad; with this you
may flourish red letters, or vestures, and this colour shall
be darked, sadded, or renewed with blacke inke.

.pm cho
<i>To make colouring, called Vernix: to varnish gold,
silver, or any other colour on vellem, paper,
timber, stone, &c.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Bengewine, and bray it well betwixt two papers,
then put it into a viol, and poure on it <i>Aqua vitæ</i>,
that it may stand aboue the bengewine three or foure fingers,
and let it steepe so a day or two; then put to it for
halfe a violl of <i>Aqua vitæ</i> fiue or sixe chieues of Saffron
slenderly stamped; this done, straine it, and with a Pensil
vernish therewith any thing gilded, which will become
bright and shining, drying it selfe immediately, and will
continue the brightnesse many yeares; But if you will
varnish on siluer, then take the white that is found in
Bengewine and dresse it with <i>Aqua vitæ</i> as afore, leauing
out the Saffron, and the said vernish made with these
.bn 149.png
onely is very good to varnish all things as well painted,
as not painted: for it maketh Tables of Walnut tree and
Hebene to glister if it bee laid on them; and all other
things, as Iron, Copper, or Tin gilded, or not; it maketh
bright, preserveth and aideth the colour, and dryeth incontinent
without taking dust.

.pm cho
<i>To make a double size to lay gold or silver on an embossed
ground.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Venice Ceruse, white lead, plaister of an old
Image, or chalke, any of these made in fine powder,
and ground with the white of an egge, and a little
water: this will make a good bottome to lay silver on.
But when you use any of these to lay under gold, put to it
a little Saffron, put not too much water; mingle it after
discretion, and looke the size be thicke standing: put the
size thus tempered, in a horne or shell in some Celler, or
shadowed place, where it may stand moyst seven dayes,
till it be perfect clammy and rotten, and once a day stirre
it; the elder the size is, it is the better. If there stand any
bubbles on the size, put in eare waxe, for that is a remedy
thereto, and before you lay it on your worke, lay the size
on a scrow, and dry it, and when it is dry, bend it, and if
it bend and breake not, then it is perfect, and if it breake,
put to it a little water to make it weaker, and proue if it
cleaueth fast to the booke, if not, put glayr thereto, and
make it more stedfast: the like size may you make of
Gipsium, Bolearmoniacke, red or yellow Oker, Orpment
or Masticot, with browne of Spaine, or red lead: if euery
of them be ground seuerally, and tempered as afore.
.bn 150.png

.pm cho
<i>Of painting in Oyle.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Here you must provide one thing more then you did
before: that is, a Pallet (so called by Artists) whereupon
you must put a small quantitie of euery such colour
you are to use, the forme whereof followeth.

.il fn=illustration_150.png w=233px alt=''
.ca <i>The Pallet.</i>

.dc 0.0 0.7
The colours to be used, are altogether such dry substances
as I mentioned formerly: as Oker, Vermilion red
lead, Vmber, Spanish browne, Lam-blacke, Gambugice,
Masticot, Orpment, Ceruse, or Spanish white, blew and
greene Bise, Verdigrease, and a multitude of such like,
which may be had at the Rose in <i>Cornehill, London</i>.

Your colours must be ground all very finely, and tempered
with Linseed oyle; and to preserve them, put them
in little earthen pans, and put water upon them, and cover
them, that the dust come not at them: thus they may
.bn 151.png
be kept a great while, and from thence you may take
them as your use doth require.

There are divers colours which without the admixture
of another colour, will not be dry a great while; as Lake,
Verdigrease, Lam-blacke: with such you must temper a
little Vmber or red lead.

Divers Painters there are, that having haste of worke,
doe use to temper their colour with one part of fatte oyle,
and two of common Linseed oyle, and by this meanes
they make the colours dry the sooner: this fat oyle is onely
Linseed oyle exposed to the weather, and so it becommeth
thicker: yea sometimes you shall see it so thicke,
that you may cut it almost like Butter: it may bee made
likewise by boyling of it a little while, but the former is
the best. As for the tempering of your colours, I can prescribe
no surer way then experience with diligent observation.
.bn 152.png
.bn 153.png

.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_153.png 442px 'Of Graving'

.nf c
<l>Of Graving.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.di drop_cap_153.png 121 112 0.7
It is possible for one to be a good Painter,
and yet not to be able to draw well with
the pen, because there is not required in a
Painter such a curious and exact carriage
of the hand: but it is impossible for one
ever to Grave or Etch well, except he can draw well with
the pen. First therefore presupposing you can doe the
first before you attempt the second, you must provide divers
graving tooles, both long and short: some for hard
worke, some for sweet worke, some for smaller worke, and
some for greater: also a peece of a Beaver hat, and a good
oyle stone, smoothed on one side, and free from pin holes,
and plates of Copper or Brasse exactly polished.
.bn 154.png

.pm cho
<i>Of Gravers.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
There are two principall sorts of Gravers, the long
and the short: the long are straight, and for to engrave
Plates withall, especially the greater, and
these are to be held as the figure following doth expresse:
where you may note that the pummell of the Graver
resteth against the ball of the thumb, and the point is
guided with the forefinger. And there ought to bee a
little bagge of sand under your Plate, to the end that
.bn 155.png
you might turne your plate upon it as your worke doth
require.

.il fn=illustration_154.png w=427px alt=''

The second sort is a short Graver, and turneth up
somewhat at the end, and that is to engrave Letters and
Scutchions in plate seales, and smaller plates, being
fastened in some convenient instrument: this must be held
likewise according unto the expression of the figure following:
where it is to be noted, that the pummell of the
Graver is stayed against the further part of the hand, and
is guided by the inward side of the thumbe. It were needfull
that there were a piece of leather like a Taylors thimble,
about the end of the thumbe, waxed or glued, whereby
to guide the Graver more steadily, and stay it upon
occasion.

.il fn=illustration_155.png w=408px alt=''

.bn 156.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make Gravers.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Provide some good crosse-bow steele, and cause it to
be beaten out into small rods, and softned: then with
a good file you may shape them at your pleasure:
when you have done, heat them red hot, and dip them
straight downe into sope, and by so doing, they will bee
hard indeed. Note that if in the dipping of them into
the sope, you turne your hand never so little awry, the
Graver will be crooked. These Gravers made and hardened
after this manner, doe farre exceed all the other
Gravers.

If your gravers be too hard, heate them a little, and
thrust them into tallow, and they will be tougher.

The oyle stone is to whet your gravers on; drop one or
two drops of sallet oyle upon it, and whet your graver
thereon, and it will have an edge presently.

.pm cho
<i>How to smooth and pollish Copper Plates.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Because that in the printing with Copper Plates, the
least scratch, though it be scarce visible, receiveth its
impression, and so many times disgraceth the worke: I
have set downe a way to smooth plates for impression.

First, take a piece of Brasse, or Copper, of what bignesse
you intend, of an indifferent thicknesse, and see as
neere as you can, that it bee free from fire flawes. First
beat it as smooth as you can with a hammer, then rub it
.bn 157.png
smooth with a pumice stone that is void of gravell, (least it
race it, & so cause you as much more labour to get them out)
burnish it after with a burnishing iron, having first dropped
a drop or two of sallet oyle on it: then rub it over
with a cole, prepared as is after taught, and lastly with a
peece of beaver hat dipt in sallet oyle, rub it very well for
an houre: thus you may polish it exactly.

.pm cho
<i>How to prepare your Coales.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Beechen charcole, such as when they are broke,
doe shine, such as are void of clifts, and such as
breake off even: burne them againe, and as soone as
they are all through on fire, quench them in chamber lye:
after take them out, and put them in faire water, and reserue
them for your use.

Having prepared all things in a readinesse, you must
haue a draught of that you intend to cut or engrave.

Take the plate then, and waxe it lightly ouer, and then
either pounce the picture upon it, or trace it, or by drawing
ouer the lines of the picture with ungummed inke, reprint
it upon the Plate: then worke upon it, obseruing the
shadow, so that being printed, it may stand right, for it
will be backward upon your plate: when you haue cut one
stroke, drop a little sallet oyle upon your peece of Bever,
and rub over the said stroke, for by this meanes you shall
better see the stroke, and how to cut the next equall unto
it, and so the rest proportionally distant one from another;
but to worke by a Candle, you must place a glasse of faire
water betweene the Candle, and a paper betweene that
.bn 158.png
and the Plate, (which casteth a true light) or you will
never be able to worke truely and aright.

.pm cho
<i>Of Etching.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Etching is an imitation of engrauing, but more speedily
performed. Things may be expressed to the life
thereby, but not so sweetly as by the Graver. It is
thus performed: the Plate you are to etch upon, must
first exactly be pollished, afterwards ouerlaid but very
lightly with a ground made for the purpose, (of which
anon) and thereupon must be pounced, drawne, or traced,
the thing that you are to etch: then the said ground
is to be pierced with diuers stiles of seuerall bignesse according
as the shadowes of the picture doe require: afterwards
the edges of the Plate are to be raised with soft
waxe and strong water, (for so they terme it:) (It is to
be had at the signe of the Legge in <i>Foster Lane</i> a Distiller)
is to be put upon it, which in those places were the
strokes, are required to be lightly performed, is to be abated
or alayed with faire water, which hauing dured a
while upon the plate, will eate into it, as it were engraven,
then put it into cold water, and wash it about, and it will
leaue eating further, and then take off the ground and it
is done.
.bn 159.png

.pm cho
<i>A red ground for Etching.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take red lead, grinde it very well, and temper it with
varnish.

.pm cho
<i>A white ground.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take one ounce of Waxe, and two ounces of Rosin,
melt them together, and adde thereto a quarter of an
ounce of Venice Ceruse ground fine, lay it on while it
is hot.

.pm cho
<i>A blacke ground.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Asphaltum two parts, Bees waxe one part;
melt them together, and being warme, lay it on very
thinly with a fine lawne ragge. If it seeme somewhat
red in any one part, hold it over the smoake of a
Linke or waxe candle, and it will be amended. Note that
it is a principall thing in this Art to lay the ground on aright.

.pm cho
<i>Another way how to engrave with water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Verdigrease, Mercury sublimated, vitreoll, and
allum, a like quantity, beate all to powder, put them
into a glasse, and let it stand so halfe a day, and stirre
it often, then lay on the plate, waxe, mingled with Linseed
oyle, or red lead with Linseed oyle, and write in it
.bn 160.png
that you meane to grave, then put the water on it, and let
it so remaine halfe a day, if you will have it very deepe, let
it lye longer. If you will engrave Images, &c. lay the waxe
on the Iron or Steele, thin, and draw what you will theron,
that it may touch the mettall, then put the water into
the strokes, and it will be engraven.

.pm cho
<i>How to engrave on a flint stone.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a Flint, and write on it what you will, with the fat
or tallow of an Oxe, afterward lay the flint in vineger,
foure dayes.

.sp 4
.nf c
<xl><i>FINIS.</i></xl>
.nf-
.bn 161.png
.bn 162.png
.pb

.pm ic illustration_162.png 366px ''

.nf c
Place this betweene folio 14. and 15.
.nf-
.bn 163.png

.pb

.sp 4
.nf c
<xl>THE BOOKE OF
EXTRAVAGANTS:</xl>

<l>Wherein amongst others, is principally
contrived divers excellent and approved
Medicines for severall maladies.</l>

By <sc>I. B.</sc>
.nf-

.pm ic illustration_163.png 221px 'THE BOOKE OF EXTRAVAGANTS'

.nf c
<i>LONDON.</i>
Printed by <i>Thomas Harper</i>, for <i>Ralph Mab</i>. 1634.
.nf-
.bn 164.png
.bn 165.png

.pb

.sp 4
.pm ic illustration_165.png 422px 'To the Reader'

.nf c
<l>To the Reader.</l>
.nf-
.sp 2

.di drop_cap_165.png 154 156 0.7
<i>Courteous Reader, forasmuch as
there were divers experiments
that I could not conveniently, or
rather my occasions would not
permit me to dispose in such order
as I would have done; I thought
it would not bee amisse to call them by the names of
Extravagants, and so to set them downe as I found
them, eyther inserted amongst other my notes, as I
put them in practise, or as they came into remembrance.</i>
.dv class="clear"
.dv-
.pb
.bn 166.png

.pm cho
<i>How to make a light burne under the water, being
a very pretty conceypt to take fish.</i>
.pm chc

.il fn=illustration_166.png w=347px alt=''

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be a glasse, as A, having a hole at the bottome,
to put a candle in with a screwed socket. The
socket must have a loope at the bottome, whereunto you
must hang a weight of such heavinesse, that it may draw
the body of the glasse under water. The necke of this
glasse must bee open, and stand above the water; also about
the necke must bee fastened a good broad peece of
wood; round about which (but on that side of it that is
next unto the water) must be placed divers peeces of looking
glasses; so the light of the candle in the glasse body
.bn 167.png
will bee multiplied according unto the number of them.
All the fishes neere unto it will resort about it, as amazed
at so glorious a sight, and so you may take them with a
cast net or other.

.pm cho
<i>How to make an image hang in the
middle of a glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Make the lower part of the image of hard wax, and
the upper part of wood, and overlay it with oyle
colours; then put it into a globe glasse filled with fayre
water, and which way soever you turne the glasse, the image
will still hang in the middle, and stand as it were upright;
which, to my knowledge, hath been a thing causing
no small admiration among divers that have not understood
the cause of it.

.pm cho
<i>How to make five or six dice of the ordinary bignesse
of dice, such as you may game withall, and
such as would be taken by their lookes to bee
ordinary dice, and yet all of them to
weigh not above one grain.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a peece of Elder, and pith it, lay the pith to dry,
and then make thereof with a sharp knife five or six
dice, and you shall finde it true that I haue sayd.

.pm cho
<i>To lay gold on any thing.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take red Lead ground first very fine, temper it with
linseed oyle: write with it, and lay leafe gold on it, let
it dry, and pollish it.
.bn 168.png

.pm cho
<i>To lay gold on glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Grinde Chalk, and red Lead, of each a like quantity,
together, temper them with linseed oyle, lay it on;
when it is almost dry, lay your leafe gold on it, when it is
quite dry polish it.

.pm cho
<i>To make yron as soft as lead.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take black flints, powder them very finely; then put
the powder in an iron pan, and make it red-hot, then
cast it on a marble stone, till it be almost cold, then make
it red-hot againe, and let it coole, and grinde it so long till
it cleave to the stone, and grinde as it were clay; then put
that in a glasse, and set it under the eaves of a house,
where the Sunne commeth not nigh in the day, then the
night after take out the water that you shall finde in the
glasse above the powder, then take that powder and
grinde it with the water, and put it in a stillatory, and let
it still out the halfe; afterward poure the water againe on
the sayd powder, and still it againe with a soft fire; then
take and seethe that water till the halfe bee wasted, then
take some iron blade that is new broke, and put it together,
and hold it so a little while; then take of the water
which was sod to the half, and with a feather lay it first to
the one side of the blade, and when the water is cold, lay
it on the other side, and it will soder fast with this water;
and with this water you may make steele as soft as lead.
It is likewise a soveralgne water to help the gout, being
anoynted where the griefe is, for it giveth ease very speedily.
.bn 169.png

.pm cho
<i>To colour tin, or copper, &c. of a
golden colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take linseed oyle, set it on the fire, scum it cleane, then
put therein of amber, and aloe hepaticum, a like quantity,
then beat and stir all well together with the oyle till
it wax thick; then take it off, and cover it close, and set it
in the earth three dayes: when you would use it, strike
your metall all ouer therewith, and so let it dry, and it
will be of a golden colour.

.pm cho
<i>To gild iron with a water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take running water 3 pound, rochallum 3 pound, and
Roman vitreoll one ounce, of vardigrease one penny
waight, saltgem three ounces, orpment one ounce, boyle
all these together, and when it begins to boyle, put in lees
of tartar and bay salt, of each halfe an ounce; make it
seethe, and being sod a pretty while, take it from the fire,
and strike the iron over therewith, then let it dry against
the fire, and then burnish it.

.pm cho
<i>To soder on iron.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Set your joynt of iron as close as you can, then lay
them so in a glowing fire; then take of Venice glasse in
fine powder, and the iron being red-hot, cast the powder
thereon, and it shall soder of it selfe. If you clap it in clay,
it will be the surer way.
.bn 170.png

.pm cho
<i>To gild on iron or steele.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take one ounce of argall, three drammes of vermileon,
and two drams of bol armeniack, with as much
aqua vitæ, then work and grinde them all together on a
stone, with linseed oyle; having so done, put thereto
lapis calaminaris as big as a hazell nut, and grinde therewith
in the end three or foure drops of varnish; take it off
the stone, and strain it through a linnen cloth into a stone
pot, (for it must bee as thick as hony) then strike over
your iron therewith, and let it dry, and then lay your
gold or silver on, as you would do upon the varnish.

.pm cho
<i>A varnish like gold, for tin, silver,
or copper.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take small pots well leaded, then put therein six ounces
of linseed oyle, one ounce of mastick, one ounce
of aloes epaticum; make them altogether in fine powder,
and then put it into your sayd pot, and cover it with such
another; yet in the bottom of the uppermost pot make
a small hole, wherein put a small stick with a broad end
beneath to stir the other pot withall, and when the pots
are set just together, close them all about with good clay,
and couer them all over also, leaving the hole open above
to stir the other pot with the stick; set it over the fire,
and stir it as often as it seetheth, and when you will gild,
pollish your metall over first, and then strike this over the
metall, and let it dry in the Sunne.
.bn 171.png

.pm cho
<i>To lay Gold on Iron, or other mettall.</i>
.pm chc

// [**or l.<sc>I</sc>. ->,]
.dc 0.0 0.7
Take liquid Varnish l.1. Turpentine, & oyle of Lynseed,
of each an ounce: mixe them all together: with
this ground you may gild on any mettall, first striking it
upon the mettall, and afterward lay on the gold or silver.
When it is dry, polish it.

.pm cho
<i>To make Ice that will melt in fire, but not dissolve
in Water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take strong water made with saltpeter, allum, and
oyle of tartar, of each, one pound. Infuse them together,
then put into them a little <i>aqua ardens</i>, and
it will presently coagulate them, and turne them into ice.

.pm cho
<i>A cement as hard as stone.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take powder of Loadstone, and of flints, a like quantity
of either, and with whites of egges, and gumme
dragant, make paste, and in a few dayes it will grow
as hard as a stone.

.pm cho
<i>To make Paper waved like unto marble.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take divers oyled colours, put them severally in
drops upon water, and stirre the water lightly, and
then wet the paper (being of some thicknesse) with
it, and it will be waved like a marble: dry them in the Sun.
.bn 172.png

.pm cho
<i>To make Copper or Brasse have the colour of silver.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take <i>Sal Armoniacke</i>, allum, and salt, of each a like
quantity, and with a little filings of silver, let all be
mixt together, then put them into the fire, that they
may be hot, and when they shall cease to smoke, then
with the same powder moystned with spittle, rub your
Copper or Brasse.

.pm cho
<i>How to make glew to hold things together as fast
as stone.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of the powder of tile sheard, two pound, unflakt
lyme, foure pound, oyle of Lynseed, a sufficient
quantity to temper the whole mixure; this is
marvellous strong.

.pm cho
<i>To make a thinne glew.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take <i>gluten piscis</i>, beate the same strongly on an Anvill,
till it be thin; after lay it to soke in water, untill
it be come very soft and tender: then worke it like
paste, to make small rowles thereof, which draw out very
thinne, and when you will worke with it, put some of it
into an earthen pot, with a little water, over the embers,
and skim the same very cleane, and let it seeth a little
while, then worke with the same: keeping it still over the
fire. With this glew you may fasten peeces of glasse together.
.bn 173.png

.pm cho
<i>To make Iron have the colour of Brasse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First, polish it well, rub it after with <i>aqua fortis</i>, wherein
the filings of brasse are dissolved: the like may bee
done with Roman vitrioll dissolved in vineger and faire
water, of each a like quantity.

.pm cho
<i>To make wood or bone red for ever.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the powder of Brazill, mingle it well with
milke, but so, that it be very red, and put therein,
either wood or bone, letting it lye in eight dayes,
and it will looke red for ever.

.pm cho
<i>How with one Candle to make as great a light, as otherwise
of two or three of the same bignesse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Cause a round and double glasse to be made, of a large
size, and in fashion like a globe, but with a great
round hole in the top, and in the concave part of the uppermost
glasse, place a candle in a loose socket, and at the
same hole or pipe which must be made at the side thereof,
fill the same with spirit of wine, or some other cleere distilled
water that will not putrifie, and this one candle will
give a great and wonderfull light, somewhat resembling
the sunne beames.

.pm cho
<i>A Cement for broken Glasses.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
Beate the whitest Fish glew with a hammer, till it begin
to waxe cleere, then cut the same into very small pieces,
suffering the same to dissolve on a gentle fire, in a leaded
.bn 174.png
pan, with a few drops of <i>aqua vitæ</i>, then let some other
that standeth by, hold both the pieces that are to bee
cemented, over a chafingdish of coles, till they be warme:
and during their heat, lay on the dissolved glew with a
fine pensill; then binde the glasse with wyre or threed,
and let it rest till it be cold.

.pm cho
<i>An admirable secret of representing the very forme
of Plants, by their ashes, philosophically prepared, spoken
of by </i>Quertitanus<i> and </i>Angelus salæ<i>.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take saith hee, the salt both the fixed and the volatill
also. Take the very spirit, and the phlegme of any
herbs, but let them all be rightly prepared; dissolve them,
and coagulate them, upon which if you put the water stilled
from May dew, or else the proper water of the herbe
you would have appear, close them all very well in a glasse
for the purpose, and by the heat of embers, or the naturall
heat of ones body, at the bottome of the glasse, the
very forme and Idæa thereof will be represented: which
will suddenly vanish away, the heat being withdrawne
from the bottome of the glasse. As I will not argue the impossibility
of this experiment, so I would be loth to employ
mine endeavours, untill I were expert therein.

.pm cho
<i>A device to bend glasse Canes, or make any
small worke in Glasse.</i>
.pm chc

.il fn=illustration_175_a.png w=315px alt=''

.dc 0.0 0.8
Let there be a vessell of Copper about the bignesse of
a common Foot-ball, as, A, let it have a long Pipe at
the top as G, which must be made so that you may
upon occasion screw on lesser, or bigger vents made for
.bn 175.png
the purpose. Fill this one third part with water, and set it
over a fornace of coals, as E, G, H, I, and when the water
beginneth to heat, there will come a strong breath out of
the nose of the vessell, that will force the flame of a lampe
placed at a convenient distance as K: if you hold your
glasse in the extention of the flame it will melt suddenly;
so you may worke what you will thereof. There are that
instead of this globe make use of a Pipe, as A, fastned in a
sticke as, F, of which I have made use, but hold it not so
convenient for those that are not accustomed thereunto.

.il fn=illustration_175_b.png w=360px alt=''

.bn 176.png

.pm cho
<i>An excellent Water for any Morphue, or scurvinesse
in the Face.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of quicke Sulphur 2. ounces, blacke Sope, the
rankest and illest favoured that can bee got: binde
them up in a cloth, and hang them in a pint of the strongest
wine-vineger for the space of nine dayes; herewith
wash the Morphue in the Face or elsewhere, and let it
dry in of it selfe. This Water will for the present staine
the face with a yelow collour, which will weare away in
time.

.pm cho
<i>How to soften Iron.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of Allum, sal Armoniacke, Tartar, a like quantitie
of either, put them into good vineger, and set
them on the fire: heat your Iron, and quench it therein.

.pm cho
<i>A good Cement for broken glasses.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take raw silke, and beat it with glasse, and mixe them
together with the whites of Egges.

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of calcined flints, quicke lyme, and common salt,
of each a like quantity: mingle them all together with
the whites of Egges; then take a linnen cloth and spread
it over with this mixture, and put it upon the fracture,
and let it dry; afterwards annoint it with Linseed oyle.
.bn 177.png

.pm cho
<i>How to cause that the same quantitie both of powder
and shot discharged out of the same peece
shall carry closer, or more scattering.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the quantitie of a pease of Opium, and charge it
amongst the shot; and this will make the shot to flie
closer together then otherwise it would. This I had of a
Sea-man, who had made triall hereof, as he said, and unto
whom I sold some for the same purpose.

.pm cho
<i>A Baite to catch Fish with.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take <i>Cocculus Indiæ</i> ℥ ss, Henbane-seeds, and wheaten
flower, of each a quarter of an ounce, hive honey
as much as will make them into paste. Where you see
most store of Fish in the River, cast of this paste into it
in divers little bits about the bignesse of barley cornes,
and anon you shall see the fish swimme on the top of
the water, some reeling to and fro as drunken, others with
their bellies upwards as if they were nigh dead; so that
you may take them either with your hands, or a small
net at the end of a sticke made for the same use. Note
here, that if you put the Fish that you thus take, into a
bucket of faire and fresh water, or if it raine after that
you have cast this your bait into the water, they will revive
and come to themselves to your admiration; and
this was told me by a Gentleman of good credit, that
hath often made use thereof.

I have heard that the stinking oyle drawne out of the
roots of Polipody of the oake by a retort, mixed with
Turpentine, and hive-honey, and being anointed upon
.bn 178.png
the bait will draw the fish mightily thereto, and make
them bite the faster: and I my selfe have seene fishes, as
Roches, and taken in the dead time of Winter with an
angle, bayted onely with paste made of Wheaten flowre,
but it hath beene in the morning, and when the Sunne
hath shined.

.pm cho
<i>How to write without inke that it may not be seene,
unlesse the paper be wet with water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take some Vitriol, and powder it finely, and temper
it with faire water in any thing that is cleane, when it
is dissolved, you may write whatsoever you will with it,
and it cannot be read, except you draw it through water
wherein some powder of galls hath beene infused, and so
it will shew as blacke as if it had beene written with inke.

.pm cho
<i>How to make white letters in a blacke Feild.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the yelke of a new layd egge, and grinde it upon
a marble with faire water, so as you may write with
it: having ground it on this wise, then with a penne dipt
into it, draw what letters you will upon paper, or parchment,
and when they are through drie, blacke all the paper
over with inke; and when it is drie, you may with a
knife scrape all the letters of that you wrote with the
yelke of the egge, and they will shew faire and white.

.pm cho
<i>How to sodder upon Silver, Brasse, or Iron.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
There are two kindes of Sodder, to wit, hard Sodder,
and soft Sodder. The soft Sodder runneth sooner then
.bn 179.png
the hard: wherefore if a thing be to be sodered in two
places, which cannot at one time well be performed, then
the first must be sodered with hard soder, and the second
with soft: for if the first be done with soft, it will unsoder
againe before the other be sodered. Note, that if you
would not have your soder to runne over any one part of
the peece to be sodered, you must rub over that part with
chalke that you would not have it runne upon.

Note likewise that your soder must be beaten thinne,
and then laid over the place to be sodered, which must be
first fitted together, and bound with wyer as occasion
shall require. Then take Burras, powder it, and temper it
with water like pap, and lay it upon the soder, and let it
drie upon it by the fire: Afterwards cover it with quicke
coals, and blow them up, and you shall see your soder run
immediately: then presently take it out of the fire, and it
is done.

.pm cho
<i>Hard Soder is thus made.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quarter of an ounce of silver, and a three penie
weight of copper, melt them together, and it is done.

.pm cho
<i>Soft Soder is thus made.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quarter of an ounce of silver, and a three penie
weight of brasse, melt them together, and it is done.

.pm cho
<i>How to gild Silver, or Brasse, with water-gold.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First take about ℥. ii. of quicke silver, put it into a little
melting pot, and set it over the fire, and when it beginneth
.bn 180.png
to smoke, put into it an angel of fine gold: then
take it off presently for the gold will presently be dissolved
in the quicke silver, which if it be too thinne, you may
through a peece of fustian straine a part of the quicke-silver
from it. Note likewise that your silver, or brasse, before
you go about to gild it, must be boyled in argol, and
beare, or water, and afterwards scratcht with a wyer
brush: then rub the gold, and quicke-silver upon it, and
it will cleave unto it, then put your siluer or brasse upon
quicke coales untill it begin to smoke: then take it from
the fire, and scratch it with your wyer brush: Do this so
often till you have rubd the quicke-silver as cleane off as
you can, then shall you perceive the gold to appeare of a
faint yellow colour, which you may make to shew faire
with sal armoniacke, bole armoniacke, and vardigrece
ground together, and tempered with water.

.pm cho
<i>How to take smoake of Tobacco through a glasse
of water.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.8
First fill a pinte glasse with a wide mouth, almost full of
faire water: fill also a pipe of Tobacco, and put the
pipe upright into the glasse of water, so that the end of
the pipe may almost touch the bottome of the glasse: then
take another crooked pipe, and put it into the glasse, but
let the end thereof not touch the water: waxe then the
mouth of the glasse, that no ayre may come in nor out,
but at the pipes: then put fire unto the Tobacco, and
sucke with your mouth, at the end of the crooked pipe,
and you shall see the smoake of the Tobacco penetrate
the water, and breake out of a bubble, and so come into
your mouth.
.bn 181.png

.pm cho
<i>To colour Ivory or any other bones, of an excellent
greene colour.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take <i>aqua fortis</i>, wherein dissolue as much Copper, as
the said water is able, then let the bones that you
would have coloured, lye in the same all night, and they
will be like a Smaragdin colour: <i>Mizaldus</i>.

.pm cho
<i>How to make birds drunke, so that you may take them with
your hands.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take such meate as they loue, as Wheate, Barley, and
lay the same to steepe in the lees of Wine, or else in
the juyce of Hemlockes, and sprinckle the same in places
where Birds use to haunt.

.pm cho
<i>A way to catch Crowes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the Liuer of a Beast, and cut it in diuers pieces,
put then into each piece, some of the powder of <i>nux
vomica</i>, and lay these pieces of Liuer in places where
Crowes and Rauens haunt. Anon after they haue eaten
them, you may take them with your hands, for they cannot
flye away.

.pm cho
<i>How to take Crowes or Pigeons.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take white Pease, and steepe them eight or nine daies
in the Gall of an Oxe: then cast the same where they
use to haunt.

You may make Partridges, Duckes, and other birds
drunke, so that you may take them with your hand: if
.bn 182.png
you set blacke wine for them to drinke in those places
whereunto they resort.

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Tormentill, and boile it in good wine: put into
it Barley or other graine: Sprinckle this in those places
you haue appointed to take Birds in, and the Birds
will eate the pieces amongst the graine, which will make
them so drunke, that they cannot flye away. This should
be done in the winter; and when it is a deepe snow.

.pm cho
<i>Another way to take Birds.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Make a paste of barley meale, onion blades, and Henbane
seeds; set the same upon seuerall little boards,
or pieces of tiles, or such like, for the birds to eate of it.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Brasse white for ever.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Egge shels, and burne them in a melting pot: then
powder them, and temper them with the whites of
Egges; let it stand so three weekes: heate your brasse red
hot, and put this upon it.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Marble.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take ℥ vj. of quicke Lime, put it into a pot, and poure
upon it, one pinte of good wine: let it stand fiue or
sixe dayes, stirring it once or twice a day: then poure off
the cleare, and therewith temper flint stones calcined, and
made into fine powder, then colour it, and make of it
what you please, and let them dry.
.bn 183.png

.pm cho
<i>How to whiten copper.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a thin plate of copper, heat it red-hot divers
times, and extinguish it in common oyl of tartar, and
it will be white.

.pm cho
<i>To make Saltpeter.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take quick lyme, and poure warm water upon it, and
let it stand six dayes, stirring it once or twice a day:
take the cleare of this, and set it in the Sunne untill it bee
wasted, and the Saltpeter will remaine in the bottom.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Corall.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of red Lead ground, ℥. I. vermilion finely ground,
℥ ss. unquenched lyme, and powder of calcined
flints, of each ℥ vj. these powders must bee tempered
with a <i>Lixivium</i> that is made with quick lyme and wine:
adde unto the whole a little salt; then make thereof what
you list; then boyle them in linseed oyle.

.pm cho
<i>How to make Pearles of Chalk.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take some Chalk, and put it into the fire; there let it
lie untill it break: temper it then with the whites of
<i>egs</i>. Then make of it divers fashions of Pearles, both
.bn 184.png
great and small: wet them being dried, and cover them
with leafe gold, and they are done.

.pm cho
<i>An approved and excellent plaster for ach in the
raines of the back, or in any other part
whatsoever.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take one pound of black Sope, and foure ounces of
frankincense, and a pinte of white wine vineger: boyle
all together upon a gentle fire, untill it be thick; spread
it then upon a lether, and apply it unto the grieved place.
If the ach bee very great and fervent, then adde unto it a
little <i>aqua vitæ</i>, and it will be much better.

.pm cho
<i>An excellent oyntment for the Shingles, Morphew,
Tetters, and Ringwormes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quarter of a pound of sope, and mingle with it
two drams of the powder of black Ellebor, litharge
of silver in fine powder, two ounces, vardigrease halfe an
ounce, and a quarter of an ounce of glasse in powder, and
as much quicksilver, make them all into an oyntment by
stirring them well together; wherewith anoynt the grieved
parts. This is approved and true.
.bn 185.png

.pm cho
<i>An excellent Balme, or water for grievous sore eyes,
which commeth either of outward accident, or
of any inward cause.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take two spoonfuls of the juyce of Fennell, and one
spoonfull and a halfe of the juyce of Celandine, and
twice as much hony as them both; then boyle them a
little upon a chafingdish of coales, and scum away the
dregs which will ascend, but first let it coole somwhat, and
then let it run through a fayre cleane cloth: then put it
into a violl of glasse, and stop it close. Put a little quantity
of this into the eye. This medicine is approved, and
more precious than gold.

.pm cho
<i>A speedy way to asswage the paine of any scald, or
burne, though never so great, and to take
the fire out of it.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take old lawn rags, dip them into Runnet, for want
of it dip them into verges, and apply them cold upon
the grieved place, shifting them for halfe an houre together,
as oft as they dry: this I have known to give ease
in an instant, and quickly to take out the fire.

.pm cho
<i>An approved oyle for to heale any burne
or scald.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of housleek one handfull, and of brooklime as
much, boyle them in a quart of creame untill it turne
.bn 186.png
unto an oyle; boyle it very gently: with this oyle a little
warmed, anoint the grieved place twice a day, and it will
soone make it well.

.pm cho
<i>An oyntment, very excellent and often proued,
for the same.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a good quantity of mosse scraped from off a
stone wall, fry it in a fryingpan with a call of mutton
suet a good while, then straine it, and it is done. Dresse
the grieved part therewith once or twice a day, as you
shall see fitting.

.pm cho
<i>Another oyntment for a burne.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take one part of sallet-oyle, and two parts of the
whites of egs, beat them together exceeding well, untill
they come to be a white oyntment, wherein dip the
feather of a black hen, and anoynt the grieved place divers
times every day, untill such time as the scales fall off,
using in the meane while neither clothes nor any outward
binding. This, sayth <i>Minshet</i> the authour, though it
seeme to be a thing of no estimation, yet was there never
found any more effectuall for a burn than it is.

.pm cho
<i>An excellent oyntment for a green wound.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take foure handfuls of Clownes, Allheale, bruse it, and
put it into a pan, and put to it foure ounces of barrowes
grease, sallet-oyle halfe a pound, Bees wax a quarter of a
.bn 187.png
pound; boyle them all untill the iuyce be wasted; then
straine it, and set it over the fire againe, and put unto it
two ounces of Turpentine, then boyle it a little while
more, and it is done. Put hereof a little in a saucer, and set
it on the fire, dip a tent in it, and lay it on the wound, but
first lay another plaister round about the wound, made
of diapalma mollified a little with oyle of Roses. This
cureth very speedily all greene wounds, as saith M.
<i>Gerard</i>.

.pm cho
<i>A Balsam of wonderfull efficacy.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Burgundie pitch, brimstone, and white frankincense,
of each one ounce: make them into an oyntment
with the whites of egges: first draw the lips of the
wound, or cut, as close as you can, then lay on some of
this spread upon a cloth, and swathe it ouer afterwards.

.pm cho
<i>An excellent healing Water, which will drie up any
old sore, or heale any greene wound.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quarter of a pound of Bolearmoniacke,
powder it by it selfe, then take an ounce of Camphire,
powder it also by it selfe: also take foure
ounces of white Coppras in powder: mixe the Coppras
and Camphire together, and put them into a melting
pot, and set them on the fire, untill they turne unto
water: afterwards stirre it untill it come to be as hard as
a stone: then powder it againe, and mixe it with the Bolearmoniacke:
keepe this powder close in a bladder, when
you would use it, take one pinte and a halfe of faire water,
set it on the fire, and when it is even ready to boyle,
.bn 188.png
put into it three spoonfuls of the powder; then take it off
from the fire, and put it into a glasse, and let it stand untill
it be cleare at the top, then take of the clearest, and wash
the sore very warme therewith, and dip a cloth foure double
in the same water, and binde it fast about the sore
with a rowler, and keepe it warme: dresse it thus twice a
day.

.pm cho
<i>A Water for a Fistula.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take one pint of white wine, 1 ounce of juyce of Sage,
three penie weight of Borace in powder, Camphire in
powder the weight of foure pence: boyle them all a prettie
while on a gentle fire, and it is done: Wash the Fistula
with this water, for it is certainly good, and approved
to be true.

.pm cho
<i>A Water for the Toothache.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take ground ivie, salt, and spearemint, of each an
handfull: beat them very well together, then boile
them in a pint of vineger; straine it, and put a
spoonfull of it into that side that aketh, and hold downe
your cheeke.

.pm cho
<i>Another Water approved for the same.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take red rose leaves halfe a handfull, Pomegranate-flowers
as many, two gaules sliced thinne: boyle
them all in three quarters of a pint of red wine, and
halfe a pint of faire water untill the third part be wasted:
then straine it, and hold a little of it in your mouth a good
.bn 189.png
while: then spit it out, and take more. Also if there be
any swelling on your cheeke, apply the strainings betweene
two clothes as hot as may be suffered. This I
have knowne to do good unto divers in this Citie, when
as they have beene extreamely pained.

.pm cho
<i>To make a Water for the eyes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take <i>Lapis Calaminaris</i>, and burne it in the fire nine
times, and quench it in white wine, and beat it into
powder, and when you use it, put it into rose-water, and
drop the water into the eye.

.pm cho
<i>For Deafenesse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a good quantitie of Camomill, and two handfuls
of greene Wormewood, and seethe them in a
pot of running water till they be very well sodden,
and put a funnell over it, and let the steame go up into
the eare, and then go to bed warme, and stop your eare
with a little blacke wooll, and a grain of Civet: do this
morning and evening, and with Gods assistance you shall
finde ease.

.pm cho
<i>An excellent Electuary for the Cough, Cold
or against Flegme.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of Germander, Hissope, Horehound, white
Maidenhaire, Agrimony, Bettony, Liverwort,
Lungwort, and Harts-tongue, of each one handfull:
put these to nine pints of water, and let them boyle
to three pints; then let it coole and straine it. To this
.bn 190.png
juyce put of clarified honey halfe a pound, fine powder
of Liquorice fiue ounces, fine powder of Enulacampana
root three ounces, boyle them to the thicknesse of an Electuary.
Take of this at any time, but specially in the
morning fasting, as also at night when you go to bed, or
two houres after supper, the quantitie of a Wallnut or
Nutmeg.

.pm cho
<i>A very excellent salve to heale, well proved, for
any old sore, or new wound.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take of Waxe, Rosin, Sheeps suet, Turpentine, of
each a like quantitie, Sallet oyle also as much: mixe
them all together, and take the juyce of Smallach,
of Planten, of Orpin, of Buglosse, of Comfery, of each
a like quantitie: let them boyle untill the iuyce of the
hearbes be consumed; and in the seething put a quantitie
of Rose-water, and it will be a very good Salue.

.pm cho
<i>A soveraigne Water to heale a greene wound:
and to stanch bloud.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a pottle of running water, and put thereto foure
ounces of Allum, and one ounce of Copras, and let
them seethe to a quart, and then straine it, and keepe it in
a glasse, and wash the wound, and wet a cloth, and lay to
the fore, and with Gods helpe it will soone be healed.
.bn 191.png

.pm cho
<i>For the Byting of a mad Dogge.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take brine, and bathe the wound: then burne Claret
wine, and put in a little Mithridate, and so let
the patient drinke it; Then take two live pigeons,
cut them through the middle, and lay them hot to his
hand if he be bitten in the armes. If in his legges, to the
sole of his feet.

.pm cho
<i>An Oyle for any Ach.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a pound of unwashed butter, and a handfull of
red mints, and a handfull of camomill, a handfull of
rew, two ounces of oyle of Exeter: stamp the herbs
to a juyce, and boyle them with the butter; straine them
in a cloth, and rub them out very well: this so done, take
the oyle of Exeter, and put to them, and stir them well together,
and put them into a gally pot, and where the
ach is anoint the place against the fire, and lay a browne
paper on it, and wrap a cloth about the place, and keepe
it warme: proved to be excellent.

//Z save me!
.pm cho
<i>To stanch the bleeding of a cut.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a peece of a felt hat, and burne it to a coale; beat
it to powder, and put it in the cut, and it will stanch
the bleeding presently. Or else apply linnen rags that in
the spring of the yeere have beene often washed in the
sperm of frogs, and afterward dried in the Sunne.
.bn 192.png

.pm cho
<i>For an ague, to bee layd to the wrists.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a handfull of soot, a spoonfull of bay salt, halfe a
spoonfull of pepper; bruse them together, and temper
them with two yelks of egs; spread it on a cloth, and
lay it to the wrists.

.pm cho
<i>Almond milke for the cough of the lungs.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take foure spoonfuls of French barly well washed, and
boyle it in three wine pints of faire water, unto a pint
and a halfe; then take it from the fire, and let it coole,
and settle; then take the cleere liquor, and straine therewith
a quarter of a pound of sweet almonds blanched, and
beaten; then set it on the fire, and let it boyle a while till
it begin to grow thick; then beat two yelks of egs, and
put them to it; stirre them well together, and put to it as
much fine suger as will sweeten it, and a spoonfull of damask
rose water, and so let it boyle a while longer, till it
be as thick as good creame; eat of it warm twice or thrice
a day, but at breakfast especially.

.pm cho
<i>For a scald head.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a pinte of running water, and as much Mercury
as a good walnut, three or foure branches of Rosemary;
boyle these all together till a third part be boyled away,
.bn 193.png
or thereabout, and every morning and evening wash
the infected place with some of this water cold, and a
quarter of an houre after or lesse anoint the place with
lamp oyle, and every morning after the first dressing try
to pull up some of the hayre as easily as you can: have
care where you set this water, for it is poyson. If you
shave the head, and apply a plaster called <i>Emplastrum
Cephalicum cum Euphorbio</i>, it is also excellent.

.pm cho
<i>For to heale a red face that hath many
pimples. Proved.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take foure ounces of barrowes grease, and as much
oyle of bayes, halfe an ounce of quicksilver killed with
fasting spettle, then take two spoonfuls of wilde tansie
water, or honisuckle water, and let all be ground in a morter
three houres at the least, untill you see nothing of the
quicksilver, and so keep it close in a glasse; the older, the
better; and when you go to bed anoint the face, and look
that you keep it from your eyes.

.pm cho
<i>To wash the Face, if it be given to heat.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Snailes, beat them shels and bodies together:
steep them a night in new milke: then still them with
the flowers of white Lillies.
.bn 194.png

.pm cho
<i>To make Vsquebach.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a gallon of the smallest <i>Aqua vitæ</i> you can
make, put it into a close vessell of stone; put thereto
a quart of Canary Sacke, two pounds of Raisons
of the Sunne stoned, but not washed, two ounces of
Dates stoned, and the white skinnes of them pulled out,
two ounces of Cinamon grossely bruised, foure good
Nutmegs bruised, foure good Liquorish sticks sliced, and
bruised, tye up all your Spices in a fine linnen cloth, and
put them into your <i>Aqua vitæ</i>, and tye up your pot very
close, and let this infuse a weeke, stirring it three times a
day, then let it runne through a jelly bagge close covered;
keepe it in glasse bottles.

.pm cho
<i>To make Almond Butter.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take two pound of Almonds, and blanch them,
and let them lye all night in cold water: then
grinde them in a mortar very small, and put in a
blade of Mace or two; then straine it through a strong
cloth as neare as you can, that the milke be not too thin,
and let it seethe a prettie while: then put in a little Rose-water,
and a little salt when you take it off the fire, and
stirre it still: then take a bigge cloth very cleane, and let
.bn 195.png
two hold it; then you must take the milke and cast it
round about the sides of the cloth that the whay may
come from it; then with a saucer put it downe from the
sides: then knit the cloth, and hang it up untill it have left
dropping; then take it forth, and season it with fine Sugar
and Rose-water.

.pm cho
<i>To make Ielly for one that is in a Consumption, or
troubled with a loosenesse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the feet of a Calfe, and when the haire is
cleane scalded off, slit them in the middle, and
cut away all the blacke veines, and the fat, and
wash them very cleane, and so put them in a bucket
of faire water, and let them lye foure and twentie
houres, and in that time the oftner you shift them in faire
water it will be the better; then set them on the fire in
two gallons of water, or somewhat lesse, and let them
boyle very softly, continually taking off the scumme and
fat which riseth; and when the liquour is more then halfe
boyled away, put into it a pinte and a halfe of white wine,
and as it boyleth there will come a foule scumme upon it,
take it off still cleane, and when the Ielly is boyled enough,
you may know, for your fingers will sticke to
the spoone; then take it from the fire, and with a Cullender
take out all the bones and flesh, and when the
Ielly is almost cold, beat the whites of sixe Egges, and
put into it, and set it on the fire againe, and so let it boyle
.bn 196.png
till it be cleare: then straine it through a cleane cloth
into a Bason, and so let it stand all night long; the next
morning put it into a skellet, and put to it a pound of Sugar,
halfe an ounce of Cinamon broken in peeces, one
ounce of Nutmegs, an ounce of Ginger bruised, and a
good quantitie of large Mace; boyle all these together
till it taste of the Spices as much as you desire, and when
it is almost cold, take the whites of six egs, and beat
them, and put into it, and set it on the fire, and when it
riseth wilde it in halfe a pint of white wine; then strain it
through a jelly bag.

.pm cho
<i>To stay the flux.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Date stones, and beat them to fine powder, and
take the quantity of one of them, and drink it with
posset drink, or beere; use these two or three mornings
together, and after as often as you finde occasion; this is
very good.

In the month of May gather of the reddest Oak leaves
you can get, and still them, and when need requireth
make pap thereof, mingled with milk or fine flower, suger,
and Cinamon, as oft as your stomack serveth to eat it.
.bn 197.png

.pm cho
<i>To make green Ink.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take greene bice and grinde it with gum water, and
if you will have it a sadder green, put a little saffron
to the grinding.

.pm cho
<i>To make blew Ink.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take fine flower, and grinde it with a little chalk, and
allum, and then put it in a violl.

.pm cho
<i>For an Ague.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a handfull of hartstong that groweth in the field,
and a handfull of bay salt, and beat them both together
in a morter, and lay this to both the wrists.

.pm cho
<i>A water good against the plangs, or to be given
after a surfet.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take red Sage, Celendine, Rosemary, Hearbegrace,
Wormwood, Mugwort, Pimpernell, Dragons, Scabious,
.bn 198.png
Egrimony, <i>Rosa solis</i>, and Balme, of each a handfull,
or like quantity by weight; wash and shake them
in a cloth; then shred and put them into a gallon of
white wine, with a quarter of an ounce of Gentian roots,
and as much of Angelica roots; let it stand two dayes
and two nights close covered, and then distill it at your
pleasure, and stop the glasse very close in which you keep
the same.

.pm cho
<i>To avoyd urine that stopped with
the stone.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take as much black sope as a walnut, temper it with
eight or ten leaves of English saffron, spread it upon
a round leather as big as the palme of your hand, and cover
the navell of your belly therewithall, and it shall cause
you to make water.

.pm cho
<i>For the stone and strangury.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the filmes that is within the mawes of geese, and
let them bee purely dried, and then make powder
thereof, and drink it with stale ale, and it will help him
with Gods grace. Proved.
.bn 199.png

.pm cho
<i>For scald heads.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take green Coperas, and mingle it with creame till it
bee turned yellow, and let it stand three or foure
dayes: then take primrose roots, leaves and all, with May
butter, and beat the roots and leaves in the butter, and
boyle them together with a little beere and butter, and
let it touch no salt.

.pm cho
<i>To cure an old Vlcer.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quart of the strongest Ale that is to be gotten,
or brewed, halfe a pint of raw honey, two ounces of
roch allum beaten, halfe a pint of Sallet oyle, and the
quantitie of a Tennis ball of common washing Sope,
one ounce of stone pitch beaten; one ounce of Rosin
beaten, two ounces of yellow waxe: boyle all these together,
and straine them through a thin linnen cloth; and
this will cure any old Vlcer.
.bn 200.png

.pm cho
<i>A Water to cleanse, and mundifie old rotten
sores and ulcers.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a wine pint of stilled water of Planten, as much
white wine; put therein two ounces of Roch allum,
a dramme of Verdigrease, a dramme of Mercurie sublimed:
boyle all these together, and keepe them in a thicke
glasse being stoped with waxe very close that the strength
go not out; this will cleanse and mundifie old sores: It
will also heale a Fistula if you use a siering, so that the water
may come to the bottome of the sore.

.pm cho
<i>The Medicine of medicines proved for
the Stone.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quantity of eg-shels, wash them cleane; those
are the best whereout chickens are come; dry them
very dry in an oven, or betweene two tile stones; then
make powder thereof, searce it, and mingle it with sugar,
or powder of licoras to give it taste, and let him use it as
often as hee needeth, morning and evening, either with
Rhenish wine, white wine, or stale ale, a spoonfull of the
powder at a time, and use to make water in a cleane bason,
and so you shall see the deliverance hereof.
.bn 201.png

.pm cho
<i>A precious water for the sight.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Smallage, Fennell, Rew, Verveine, Egrimony,
Daffadill, Pimpernell, and Sage, and still them with
breast milk together with five drams of frankincense, and
drop of it in your eyes each night: often proved.

.pm cho
<i>For the Fluxe to stay it.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the yolke of an Egge, and beat it, then mixe
with it one grated Nutmegge, and lay it on an hot
tyle stone to bake, and eate thereof fasting, and before
Supper, and after meales, and it will stay it. Often
proved to be excellent.

.pm cho
<i>A good Powder for the Gout.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take fine Ginger the weight of two groats, and
Enula campane-roots dryed, the weight of foure
groats, of Liquorish the weight of eight groats,
of Sugar-candy three ounces; beat all these into a powder,
searce them fine, and then mingle them together, and
.bn 202.png
drinke thereof morning and evening, and all times of the
day. Approved.

.pm cho
<i>A speciall Medicine for the
Collicke.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Horehound halfe an handfull, of Sage, and Hysope
of either as much, twelve leaves of Betony, of
Centaury sixe crops, one Alexander-root, foure penie
weight of Enula-campana roots powdered, Spikenard
of Spaine one penie worth; seethe all these in three
quarts of fine wort to a pottle, and draw it through a
linnen cloth, and take three spoonfuls at once morning
and evening.

.pm cho
<i>To take away rednesse of burning of
the Eyes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the white of an Egge, and beat it very well with
a spoonfull or two of red Rose-water, then put thereto
the pap of a rosted apple, mingle them well together,
and spread it upon a little Flaxe; so lay it on the eye,
binding it on with a linnen cloth.
.bn 203.png

.pm cho
<i>For the Rheume in the Eyes.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the white of an Egge, and so much Bolearmoniacke
as will thicken it, and spread it on a round
plaister of sheeps leather, and lay it on the temples on
that side the Rheume is.

.pm cho
<i>The Oyntment for the same.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take <i>Lapis Tutiæ</i> and burne it in a fire-shovell of
quicke coales, quench it in a poringer of womans
milke, do so halfe a score times, then grinde it in a
cleane morter till it be very fine powder, then mingle it
with fresh Barrows grease till it looke russet: anoint your
eyes with a little of it when you go to bed.

.pm cho
<i>For Deafenesse.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Rew, and rub it betweene the palmes of your
hands untill it be so brused that you may make thereof
.bn 204.png
a tent; then dip it in sweet sallet oyle, and put in each
eare one, so that you may pull them forth againe. This
doe for seven or eight dayes, and change the tent every
day.

.pm cho
<i>Another.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a quarter of a pinte of Angelica water, of <i>Cardus
Benedictus</i> water, and of white wine, of either a like
quantity: mingle them together, dividing the same into
two equall parts; drink it in two severall mornings: then
the next night after the taking of the second draught of
water, take the fish of an oyster, and put it into a fayre
linnen cloth, and stop the same into the eare that is thickest
of hearing, and lie on that side as long as you can: in
the morning pick that eare as cleane as you can, and after
that take a draught of the best ale you can get, with a
toast of houshold bread toasted very dry, a reasonable
quantity of nutmegs; use the same every morning for five
or six dayes, fasting after the taking hereof two houres,
every time you take it.

.pm cho
<i>For the cough of the lungs.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take two handfuls of Rosemary, and strip it of the
stalk, one of Hissop, and seethe them in a pottle of
running water, till it come to a quart, and then put a
quarter of a pound of fine sugar, and let it seethe a little,
and scum it, drink it morning and evening.
.bn 205.png

.pm cho
<i>A present remedie for all manner aches, and
bruises in the Bones.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a good quantitie of Wallwort, and a certaine
quantity of Balme, and Smallach, and stamp
them, and take a pound of May Butter, and temper
them very well together, then make them into round
bals, and let them lye for the space of eight dayes after,
and then stampe them again as you did before; then
take it, and fry it, and straine it, and put it into an earthen
pot: This will helpe the bruise, be it never so blacke.

.pm cho
<i>For burning, or scalding.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
To take out the fire, beat onyons very small, and
binde them to the place. To heale it, take halfe a
pound of sheeps suet, as much sheeps dung, a quarter
of a pound of the inner rinde of an Elder tree, and a
little Housleeke: fry them altogether, and straine it, and
use it as a plaister, or make a serecloth of it, and apply it
to the grieved part.

.pm cho
<i>For Burstnesse of old, or young.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take nine red Snailes, lay them betweene two tyles
of clay, so that they creepe not nor slide away, and
.bn 206.png
bake them in the hot embers, or in an oven, till they may
be powdered, then take the powder of one of the Snailes,
and put it in white wine, and let the patient drinke it in
the morning at his rising, and fast two houres after, and
drinke these nine Snailes in eighteene dayes, that is, every
other day one. And if the sicknesse be so old that it will
not heale in eighteene dayes, begin againe, and drinke
other nine Snailes, and he shall be whole. <i>Probatum est.</i>

.pm cho
<i>A Salve for all sores.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a pound of sheepes-tallow, and a pound of
Turpentine, and a pound of Virgin waxe, a pint of
Sallet oyle, a quarter of a pound of Rosin: take also
Bugle, Smallach, and Plantaine halfe the quantitie of the
other, or so much as will make a pint just: boyle all these
together upon a soft fire of coales, alwayes stirring it till
a third part be consumed; then take it from the fire, and
straine it through a new canvas cloth into an earthen
pot.

.pm cho
<i>For Bleeding.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a blacke Toade in May, drie it betweene two
tile stones, and hang it in Sarcenet about the parties
necke.
.bn 207.png

.pm cho
<i>To procure sleepe.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take Betony, Roseleaves, Vinegar, Nutmeg, and the
crummes of Rye-bread: put this in a cloth warme to
the poll of the head.

.pm cho
<i>For the Cough.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Two handfuls of last Saverie, steepe it five dayes in
white wine vineger, put into the vineger halfe an
ounce of Pepper, at the five dayes end draine out the
vineger, and as soone as the bread is drawne, set them in
a Pewter dish into the oven, and stop it up, and let them
stand all night. In the morning take them out of the
Oven and powder them. Take of this powder and drinke
it with Sacke, so much of it as will lye on a three-pence.

.pm cho
<i>A Gargill for the Vvula.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take a pint of good strong Ale, and as much Sacke,
and a good quantitie of long pepper, and bruise it
grossely, and boyle it from a quart to a pinte, and let the
parties gargle their mouthes, and throats as warme as
they may suffer it.

If the pallat of the mouth be downe, it will fetch it up.
.bn 208.png

.pm cho
<i>For Deafnesse very excellent good.</i>
.pm chc

.dc 0.0 0.7
Take the hoofes of the Neats feet after they be sodden,
and hold them in a cloth so warme as may be
to your eare, divers times together one after another:
they will last to be warmed in the same they were
sodden in some three or foure dayes without sowring.

.sp 4
.nf c
<xl><i>FINIS.</i></xl>
.nf-

.pb

.nf c
Transcriber's note:
.nf-

.in +4
Variable capitalisations and hyphenations in the original have been retained.

Unusual and multiple spellings in the original have been retained.

All scribal abbreviations have been expanded.

All instances of 'VV' standing in for 'W' have been changed to 'W.'

.in 0
.sp 4
.nf c
First Booke
.nf-
.in

.ti -2
<i>Title Page:</i>

Comma inserted after 'workes,' "The first of water workes, The"

.ti -2
<i>To The Reader:</i>

'me' changed to 'be,' "hap as hap may be"

.ti -2
<i>How to harden Leather:</i>

'grinstone' changed to 'grindstone,' "under a grindstone, into"

.ti -2
<i>Experiments of forcing water by ayer compressed:</i>

'hol' and 'low' joined, "a round hollow ball"

.ti -2
<i>Experiments of forcing water by Engins:</i>

Full stop added after 'side,' "from it on the side. Having thus"

.ti -2
<i>Experiments of producing sounds by Engins:</i>

'de-' struck from 'de-desired,' "to expresse your desired tune"

Second 'it' struck, "it will play upon the bels"

.ti -2
<i>How to make the double perpendicular glasse:</i>

Second 'the' struck, "it will suck up the water"

.ti -2
<i>How to make the treble perpendicular glasse:</i>

Heading added, "How to make the treble perpendicular glasse."

.ti -2
<i>A Water-clock, or a Glasse shewing the houre of the day:</i>

'K, G, G' changed to 'E, F, G,' "the length of the glasse E, F, G"

.in 0
.sp 4
.nf c
Second Booke
.nf-
.in

.ti -2
<i>A Receipt of a Composition that will kindle with the water:</i>

'limekill' changed to 'limekiln,' "set it in a limekiln"

Second "Another." heading added.

.ti -2
<i>How to make Balloones, also the morter Peece to discharge them:</i>

Full stop and comma exchanged, "with its portfire, O."

.ti -2
<i>How to make Saucissons:</i>

Second 'a' struck, "forme having a hole"

.ti -2
<i>The description and making of three sorts of Fire-lances:</i>

Second 'and' struck, "staffe, and prime it"

.ti -2
<i>How to make Rockets for the water:</i>

Second 'the' struck, "while above the water,"

.in 0
.sp 4
.nf c
Third Booke
.nf-
.in

.ti -2
<i>A Carnation, or Flesh-colour:</i>

'Canation' changed to 'Carnation,' "A Carnation, or Flesh-colour."

.ti -2
<i>A good yellow:</i>

Comma changed to full stop, "with gum-water. Sad it with"

.ti -2
<i>To temper Azure or Bise:</i>

'of' changed to 'or' in heading, "To temper Azure or Bise."

.in 0
.sp 4
.nf c
The Booke of Extravagants
.nf-
.in

.ti -2
<i>To make Iron have the colour of Brasse:</i>

'wherin' changed to 'wherein,' "aqua fortis, wherein the filings"

.ti -2
<i>A good Cement for broken glasses:</i>

Sub-heading 'Another.' italicised.

.ti -2
<i>An excellent oyntment for the Shingles, Morphew, Tetters, and Ringwormes:</i>

'anyont' changed to 'anoynt,' "wherewith anoynt the grieved parts."

.ti -2
<i>To make Almond Butter:</i>

'prettle' changed to 'prettie,' "let it seethe a prettie while:"

.ti -2
<i>To stay the flux:</i>

'cinamom' changed to 'Cinamon,' "or fine flower, suger, and Cinamon"

.ti -2
<i>To make blew Ink:</i>

'Tae' changed to 'Take,' "Take fine flower, and grinde"

.ti -2
<i>For Deafenesse:</i>

Sub-heading 'Another.' added.
.in