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<strong>Transcriber’s Note:</strong>

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.
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.dt The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Synopsis of the British Mosses, by Chas. P. Hobkirk
.bn 001.png
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.bn 003.png

.sp 4
.dv class=titlepage  // to enclose title page
.h1
<sc>A Synopsis</sc>|\
<s>OF</s>|\
<sc>The British Mosses</sc>,|\
<s>CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE</s>|\
<xl>GENERA AND SPECIES,</xl>|\
<s>(WITH LOCALITIES OF THE RARER ONES)</s>|\
<s>FOUND IN</s>|\
<xl>GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,</xl>|\
<s>BASED UPON</s>|\
<xl>WILSON’S “BRYOLOGIA BRITANNICA,”</xl>|\
<s>SCHIMPER’S “SYNOPSIS,” ETC.</s>

.sp 2
.nf c
<l><sc>By</sc> CHAS. P. HOBKIRK,</l>

<i>President of the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society</i>.


LONDON:

L. REEVE & CO.,

5, <sc>Henrietta Street, Covent Garden</sc>.

<xxs>MDCCCLXXIII.</xxs>
.nf-
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.bn 005.png

.sp 4
.h2 pn=v
PREFACE.
.sp 2

.pm dropcap
It is not my desire that this little volume should be looked upon as
anything more than what is expressed in the title, simply “<sc>A
Synopsis of the British Mosses</sc>,” and as a kind of <i>vade-mecum</i> to
the working Bryologist, as well as a guide to beginners. It is not
altogether an original work, nor yet is it a mere compilation, for nearly
every species has been carefully examined under the microscope before
being described, and then the diagnoses compared with other works,
principally that great text-book of British Bryologists,  “Wilson’s
Bryologia Britannica.” Besides this work, I have also largely consulted,
and drawn from, Bruch and Schimper’s “Bryologia Europæa,”
Schimper’s “Synopsis,” Dr. Mueller’s “Synopsis,” the Proceedings of
the Linnean Society, the <i>Bulletins</i> of the Royal Botanical Societies of
France and of Belgium; and last, but not least, the valuable papers
recently contributed by Dr. Braithwaite to “Journal of Botany,”
“Grevillea,” and the “Monthly Microscopical Journal,” and also some
papers by Mr. Mitten in the first-named publication.

In the general arrangement of the genera and species, I have
mainly followed the “Bryologia Britannica,” as I did not consider
myself justified in departing widely from it, although many of our
principal Muscologists look upon it as very faulty; but I did not hold
my authority sufficient to alter what has become a classical arrangement
amongst us: and more particularly as both Dr. Braithwaite and
the Rev. J. Fergusson are engaged upon more critical examinations,
prior to the publication of new and more natural arrangements. The
Analysis of the Genera is principally founded upon the same part from
Wilson, and is intended not as an arrangement, but merely a key.
.bn 006.png
.pn +1

In the “Appendix” will be found a few omitted species, and
alterations of nomenclature, as well as a few <i>errata</i>, which should be
noted in the margin at their proper places.

I much regret that, by an oversight, I have omitted to insert
var. δ <i>squarrosulum</i> under <i>Sphagnum cymbifolium</i>, gathered by my
friend Mr. Bagnall, in Sutton Park, Birmingham; and the same
locality should be added after <i>Hypnum aduncum</i>, <i>H. Sendtneri</i>, and
<i>H. intermedium</i>.

I must here express my gratitude and thanks to those gentlemen
who have so kindly assisted me in its preparation, both with the loan or
gift of specimens of the rarer and newer species, and also for the
diagnoses received from several, where specimens were not attainable.
Amongst these gentlemen I must specially thank Dr. Hooker for his
kind permission to use the Herbarium specimens and Library at Kew,
and Mr. J. G. Baker, F.L.S., for his valuable assistance in doing so;
also Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S., Mr. J. Bagnall, of Birmingham; Dr. F.
Buchanan White, of Dunkeld; Dr. Fraser, of Wolverhampton; Rev. J.
Fergusson, of New Pitsligo; Mr. Carruthers, F.L.S., of British
Museum; Mr. G. E. Hunt, of Manchester; Mr. John Sim, of Strachan;
Mr. W. Galt, of Edinburgh; M. P. Goulard, of Caen, Calvados;
and lastly, all those gentlemen and ladies who so readily came forward
as subscribers to the number of upwards of 200, to assist in the
publication of the volume.

.nf r
CHAS. P. HOBKIRK.
.nf-

.nf l
<sc>Huddersfield</sc>,
    <i>February, 1873</i>.
.nf-
.bn 007.png
.pn +1

.sp 4
.h2
LIST OF CONTRACTIONS USED IN THIS VOLUME.
.sp 2

.nf b
br. <i>branches.</i>
br. l. <i>branch leaves.</i>
cal. calyp. <i>calyptra.</i>
caps. <i>capsule.</i>
fem. <i>female.</i>
fl. <i>flower.</i>
fr. <i>fruit or fructification.</i>
infl. <i>inflorescence.</i>
innov. <i>innovations.</i>
l. <i>leaves.</i>
m.m. <i>millimetres.</i>
ped. <i>pedicel</i> or <i>seta</i>.
per. perist. <i>peristome.</i>
per. l. and p. l. <i>perychætial leaves.</i>
per. teeth. <i>teeth of peristome.</i>
perig. l. <i>perigonial leaves.</i>
st. <i>stem.</i>
st. l. <i>stem leaves.</i>
.nf-
.bn 008.png

.sp 4
.h2
NOTICE TO COLLECTORS.
.sp 2

It is my intention, as soon as sufficient material can be
accumulated, to publish “A Geographical Distribution of the
British Mosses,” and, in furtherance of this object, I should esteem
it a great favor if all collectors throughout the kingdom would
kindly be at the trouble of forwarding to me, as early as convenient,
complete lists of the Mosses found by themselves or their friends,
in their several districts, with any notes they may think desirable
respecting them, and, where possible, the range and habitat of the
various species. I feel sure I have only to mention this to ensure
an abundant return of information for a work which is really
wanted, and shall, so far as any exertions on my part can ensure
it, be really valuable.

.nf r
C. P. H.
.nf-
.bn 009.png

.sp 4
.h2 pn=1
ANALYSIS OF GENERA.
.sp 2

.ta l:62 rb:8 s='ANALYSIS OF GENERA.'
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> ACROCARPI.

Fr. terminal (or in a few instances cladocarpous).


<sc>Division A.</sc> Capsule without a deciduous lid.

<i>a.</i> caps. bursting irregularly.

<sc>Archidium</sc> (3). Perennial; caps. <i>globular</i>, <i>sessile</i>;\
calyptra thin and membranous, irregularly torn in the\
middle; <i>spores large</i>; infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform,\
two-leaved or naked in axils of perichætial leaves.      |<sc>PAGE</sc> #26#.

<sc>Phascum</sc> (4). <i>Annual.</i> Caps. ovate or roundish, very\
shortly <i>pedicillate</i>; calyptra campanulate; spores <i>small</i>,\
roughish; infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform either at\
base of plant, or axillary, rarely terminal and discoid.      |#26#.

<i>b.</i> caps. bursting regularly.

<sc>Andreæa</sc> (1). Caps. oval erect, opening by four <i>longitudinal\
slits</i>, sessile on a stalked vaginula; calyptra mitriform,\
thin; spores small, at first clustered together in fours:\
perennial.       |#21#.


<sc>Division B.</sc> Capsule with a deciduous lid.

<sc>I. Peristome none.</sc>

<i>a.</i> caps. sessile on a stalked vaginula.

<sc>Sphagnum</sc> (2). Perennial, aquatic; caps. globular,\
.bn 010.png
.pn +1
sessile on the turbinate fleshy stalked vaginula; lid flattish,\
calyptra surrounding the ripe caps., ruptured near the middle;\
spores as in <i>Andreæa</i>. Infl. monoicous or dioicous.      |#23#.

<i>b.</i> caps. pedicillate; vaginula sessile.

α. caps. cylindrical; lid with a straight beak;\
calyptra mitriform.

<sc>Encalypta</sc> (29) (In part). Caps. erect, regular, oblong\
or ovate-lanceolate, smooth or striate, lid conical with a\
longish almost filiform beak; calyptra very large, covering\
the capsule, fringed at base (peris. when present of 16 teeth,\
inner of 16 alternating erect cilia). Infl. monoicous or\
dioicous; barren fl. gemmiform, axillary or terminal.     |#74#.

β. caps. oval, lid with an oblique beak; calyptra\
dimidiate.

<sc>Gymnostomum</sc> (5). Perennial; leaves of close firm\
texture, with small dense areolæ; barren fl. gemmiform, in\
monoicous species placed near the base of perichætium.     |#31#.

<sc>Pottia</sc> (21). Annual or biennial; l. rather succulent,\
with lax quadrate or rectangular areolæ, the lower ones\
enlarged. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. near the fertile, naked,\
or gemmiform with three leaves. |#55#.

γ. caps. roundish-pyriform; lid obliquely rostrate.

<sc>Stylostegium.</sc> (12). Perennial; caps. on a very short\
pedicel; calyptra small, cucullate, scarcely covering the lid;\
l. channelled, secund. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform.      |#38#.
.bn 011.png
.pn +1

<sc>Anodus</sc> (11). Annual or biennial; caps. pedicillate;\
columella free; l. setaceous, erect.      |#38#.

δ. caps. obovate or clavate; lid plane or conical; l.\
loosely reticulated.

* Calyptra mitriform.

<sc>Schistostega</sc> (70). Caps. small oval, lid convex; calyptra\
small, <i>at length dimidiate</i>; infl. dioicous terminal, barren fl.\
gemmiform; l. nerveless, vertically distichous, very tender,\
areolæ large rhomboid.      |#135#.

<sc>Physcomitrium</sc> (59). Annual or biennial. Primary stem\
terminated by a discoid barren fl. from below which rises a\
branch bearing a terminal fertile fl.; caps. clavate, lid\
convex; calyptra large inflated; l. spreading every way,\
nerved; areolæ large oblong, acute.      |#127#.

* * Calyptra dimidiate.

<sc>Œdipodium</sc> (69). Caps. with a long tapering apophysis,\
gradually passing into the fruit-stalk; lid plano-convex;\
infl. monoicous or synoicous; l. succulent broad, obtuse;\
areolæ roundish hexagonal, larger at base.      |#135#.

ε. caps. globose; lid almost plane.

* Calyptra conico-mitriform, small; l. nerveless.

<sc>Hedwigia</sc> (30). Caps. immersed, sub-sessile; infl.\
monoicous, barren fl. axillary gemmiform; areolæ small\
quadrate, longer and flexuose below.      |#76#.
.bn 012.png
.pn +1

<sc>Hedwigidium</sc> (31). Caps. exserted on a short pedicel;\
barren fl. terminal; stem stoloniferous; l. plicate longitudinally,\
areolæ longer.      |#77#.

* * Calyptra dimidiate; l. nerved.

<sc>Bartramidula</sc> (60). Caps. on a curved pedicel, smooth,\
cernuous; infl. synoicous; lid small sub-conical; calyptra\
small cucullate; areolæ lax, oblong-hexagonal.      |#128#.


<sc>II. Peristome single.</sc>

<sc>Sub-div.</sc> <sc>I.</sc> Calyptra mitriform.

† Calyptra plicato-striate.

<i>a.</i> teeth four.

<sc>Tetraphis</sc> (38). Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose; per.\
teeth long rigid, with irregular longitudinal lines; areolæ\
hexagonal.      |#98#.

<sc>Tetrodontium</sc> (39). Annual, stem none, gregarious; l.\
few, very minute.      |#99#.

<i>b.</i> Teeth 16, equidistant.

<sc>Ptychomitrium</sc> (35). Caps. erect, regular, tapering at\
base, annulus large, lid conico-rostrate; teeth bifid, not\
hygroscopic; calyptra deeply furrowed, mitriform, subulate\
above, shorter than capsule; infl. monoicous; barren. fl.\
gemmiform, generally axillary.      |#89#.

<i>c.</i> Teeth 16, in pairs.

<sc>Glyphomitrium</sc> (34). Calyptra large ventricose laciniate\
.bn 013.png
.pn +1
below, entirely covering the capsule, contracted at the base;\
Infl. as in last; per. teeth hygroscopic reflexed when dry.      |#88#.

<sc>Orthotrichum</sc> (36). (partly) Perennial in round tufts;\
caps. erect, immersed or exserted, pear-shaped or elliptical,\
with 8, rarely 16, coloured striæ; peristome either single\
or double, sometimes absent; outer of 32 teeth, connected so\
as to seem 8 or 16, broad and flat, inner of 8 or 16\
equal cilia, or 16 alternately shorter ones; lid short, conico-rostellate;\
calyptra large campanulate, with about eight\
furrows, base somewhat torn, and mostly covered with short\
hair-like processes, but not contracted.      |#89#.

† † Calyptra smooth, not plicate.

<i>a.</i> Teeth 16, equidistant.

* Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose.

<sc>Encalypta</sc> (partly) [29.] <i>vide ante. p. 2.</i>|

<sc>Schistidium.</sc> Caps. immersed, obovate or roundish, mouth\
wide; calyptra small, conico-mitriform, columella adhering\
to the deciduous lid; teeth large, barred, without medial\
lines, often perforate. Infl. monoicous or dioicous (included\
in <i>Grimmia</i>).|

<sc>Grimmia</sc> (32). Caps. pedicillate, seta often flexuose,\
ovate or oblong, rarely ventricose, sometimes striated, teeth\
large lanceolate, barred, perforate, bi-trifid; calyptra five-lobed\
at base, sometimes dimidiate; columella free. Infl.\
monoicous or dioicous.; areolæ small dense, larger at base.      |#77#.
.bn 014.png
.pn +1

<sc>Racomitrium</sc> (33). Caps. oblong, erect, smooth, on a\
straight pedicel, teeth bi-trifid, sometimes very long, sometimes\
short, filiform unequal; calyptra large, with a subulate\
solid papillose beak, lid conico-subulate, straight; leaves\
with sinuous areolæ. Infl. dioicous.      |#86#.

* * Annual or biennial, gregarious; leaves setaceous.

<sc>Campylostelium</sc> (8). Caps. drooping, on a bent seta\
oblong, smooth; teeth long lanceolate, barred, entire at base,\
cleft at summit, and connected by a membrane at base;\
calyptra small, conico-subulate, five-cleft at base. Infl.\
monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform; areolæ minute, much\
enlarged and diaphanous at base.      |#36#.

<sc>Brachyodus</sc> (9). Caps. oblong sub-striate, teeth very\
short truncate, partly confluent, equidistant; lid convex with\
a slender beak; calyptra conical, three to five-lobed at base,\
sub-dimidiate. Infl. monoicous gemmiform. St. very short,\
annual or biennial.      |#36#.

<i>b.</i> Teeth 16, in pairs, plane, reflexed when dry.

<sc>Splachnum</sc> (65). Caps. sub-cylindrical or ovate, on a\
very large spongy coloured apophysis; teeth lanceolate\
oblong obtuse, plane, yellowish; calyptra small, entire or\
lacerated at base. Infl. generally dioicous; barren, fl. capituliform,\
naked or with small scattered leaves.      |#133#.

<i>c.</i> Peristome a conical plicate membrane.

<sc>Diphyscium</sc> (41). Caps. very large sessile, oblique ovate,\
.bn 015.png
.pn +1
gibbous; calyptra small, entire at base, scarcely covering the\
conical lid.      |#99#.


<sc>Sub-div. II.</sc> Calyptra dimidiate.

<i>a.</i> Calyptra inflexed at base, at first conico-mitriform,\
caps. clavato-pyriform; teeth 16 or 32 plane,\
more or less paired, with a medial line.

<sc>Dissodon</sc> (68). Caps. oval, with a long solid tapering\
neck, lid conico-convex, obtuse, teeth 32, united into eight\
bi-geminate teeth, or into 16 pairs, linear-lanceolate, incurved\
when dry; leaves obtuse entire. Infl. monoicous or synoicous,\
barren fl. gemmiform.      |#134#.

<sc>Tayloria</sc> (67). Caps. with a long clavate or sub-pyriform\
neck; teeth 16, or 32 cohering in pairs, reflexed when dry;\
leaves acuminate serrated. Infl. monoicous; barren fl.\
capituliform.      |#134#.

<i>b.</i> Calyptra not indexed at base.

* Teeth in eight pairs, reflexed when dry.

<sc>Tetraplodon</sc> (66). Caps. with a solid clavate or oval\
apophysis wider than itself; leaves loosely reticulated, acuminate.\
Infl. monoicous, barren fl. gemmiform or capituliform,\
3–5–leaved.      |#134#.

<sc>Zygodon</sc> (37) (partly). Caps. erect, pyriform, striated,\
apophysate. Perist. double, single, or absent; outer teeth\
.bn 016.png
.pn +1
32 united two or four together, representing 16 or 8 plane\
teeth, inner of 8 or 16 cilia, alternating; calyptra small\
cucullate smooth oblique, lid obliquely rostrate; leaves\
minutely dotted.      |#97#.

* * Teeth 16 equidistant, simple, or nearly so.

‡ Caps. pyriform or oval, erect or inclined.

<sc>Entosthodon</sc> (58). Caps. erect, pyriform, symmetrical;\
lid plano-convex, teeth short and broad triangular; calyptra\
inflated below, cucullate; leaves loosely reticulated.      |#127#.

<sc>Mielichhoferia</sc> (53). Caps. pyriform, inclined or horizontal,\
on a slender curved seta; calyptra small, not inflated;\
teeth longer, linear-subulate, confluent and dilated at base.      |#124#.

<sc>Blindia</sc> (13). Caps. roundish, turbinate-erect; teeth 16\
lanceolate, remotely barred, entire or perforate, sometimes\
cleft; calyptra angular at base, afterwards cleft on one side;\
seta short; perennial cæspitose.      |#39#.

<sc>Seligeria</sc> (10). Caps. roundish-pyriform, smooth, teeth\
lanceolate obtuse, sometimes perforate, without medial line;\
calyptra small cucullate; leaves setaceous; stems annual or\
biennial gregarious, not cæspitose. Infl. monoicous, terminal\
gemmiform.      |#37#.

<sc>Brachyodus</sc> (9). <i>See page #6#.</i>|

<sc>Rhabdoweissia</sc> (7). Caps. shortly oval, eight-striate, wide\
mouthed, teeth lanceolate or subulate, barred, without medial\
.bn 017.png
.pn +1
line; beak slender, inclined; calyptra cucullate; leaves\
channelled lax; stems perennial, cæspitose.      |#36#.

<sc>Weissia</sc> (6). Caps. oblong-ovate, smooth, teeth lanceolate\
or linear-lanceolate, free at base, without medial line, convex,\
sometimes perforate and bifid; leaves of close texture;\
stems as above.      |#33#.

<sc>Anacalypta</sc> (22). Caps. oval on a long straight pedicel;\
teeth united at base by a membrane, plane, lanceolate, entire\
or perforate, no medial line; leaves succulent with lax\
areolæ; stem annual or biennial.      |#57#.

‡ ‡ Caps. globose, nearly horizontal.

<sc>Discelium</sc> (64). Almost stemless; caps. decurrent into\
the suddenly bent neck; teeth lanceolate, cleft half way\
from base upwards; leaves few minute, gemmiform.      |#133#.

<sc>Catascopium</sc> (63). Caps. smooth, shining, neck bent, and\
tapering into the seta, mouth somewhat oblique; teeth\
short truncate, irregular, barred, with a medial line; leaves\
numerous, nerved, of firm texture.      |#132#.

<sc>Conostomum</sc> (62). Caps. cernuous, obscurely furrowed\
when dry; teeth linear-lanceolate, barred, converging and\
united together into a cone; perennial.      |#132#.

* * * Teeth 16, deeply bifid, equidistant.

‡ Caps. erect, symmetrical.

<sc>Desmatodon</sc> (23). Caps. oval or oblong, sometimes\
almost pendulous; teeth subulate, united at base by a membrane,\
.bn 018.png
.pn +1
bi-trifid; lid rostellate; leaves soft broad, papillose\
at back.       |#58#.

‡ ‡ Caps. sub-erect, rather unequal.

<sc>Cynodontium</sc> (15). Caps. ovate-oblong, or obliquely\
sub-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate, connivent, dilated at\
base, entire or cleft to base, sometimes barred, deep red; lid\
rostrate.      |#39#.

<sc>Arctoa</sc> (14). Caps. oval or almost turbinate, striate,\
contracted below the wide mouth when dry; teeth lanceolate\
subulate, cleft, or perforate and entire, bars not prominent;\
lid large, obliquely rostrate.      |#39#.

‡ ‡ ‡ Caps. cernuous or inclined, unequal.

<sc>Dicranum</sc> (16). Caps. mostly cernuous, smooth or\
striated, regular, gibbous or curved, with a tapering apophysis,\
or sometimes strumose, teeth equidistant, confluent at\
base, incurved, lanceolate, cleft half way into unequal portions,\
barred, occasionally perforate, with a medial line; lid rostrate\
oblique; leaves of close texture, nerved and more or\
less secund; areolation linear at the base.      |#40#.

[<sc>Dicranella.</sc> Plant smaller than in <i>Dicranum</i>, and less\
robust, areolation rectangular at the base, in other respects\
similar.]|

<sc>Leucobryum</sc> (17). Caps., lid and peristome as in <i>Dicranum</i>.\
Leaves spongy, composed of a double layer of loose\
cellular tissue, white or pale glaucous green, sub-secund,\
nerve indistinct.      |#49#.

<sc>Fissidens</sc> (71). Caps. cernuous or erect, more or less\
.bn 019.png
.pn +1
truncate, teeth long and tapering from a lanceolate base,\
cleft half way into unequal segments, geniculate, barred;\
fruit in some species <i>cladocarpous</i>, leaves vertically distichous.      |#135#.

<sc>Ceratodon</sc> (18). Caps. sub-cylindrical unequal, with a\
short ventricose or strumose neck; teeth deeply cleft, or of\
two equal subulate portions connected below by prominent\
trabeculæ, of two differently coloured laminæ, the outer red,\
the inner and broader yellow.      |#49#.

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Capsule on an arcuate seta.

<sc>Campylopus</sc> (20). Caps. oval or oblong, regular or gibbous\
on upper side, tapering at base, striated, lid conico-subulate\
or rostrate, teeth deeply bifid; calyptra large,\
fringed at base; leaves with a broad nerve.      |#50#.

<sc>Dicranodontium</sc> (19). Caps. elliptical smooth, teeth\
linear-lanceolate, cleft nearly to base into unequal portions,\
obliquely striate; calyptra not fringed at base.      |#49#.

* * * * Teeth 32, in pairs, narrow or filiform.

<sc>Didymodon</sc> (25). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical, teeth 32\
(16 Wilson) linear-lanceolate, <i>not obviously united by a basilar\
membrane</i>, tender and fugacious, entire or perforate.      |#58#.

<sc>Trichostomum</sc> (26). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical or oval,\
smooth, teeth 32 in unequal pairs (often so united as to\
appear 16 simple or perforate teeth), connected by a narrow\
basilar membrane, persistent.      |#60#.
.bn 020.png
.pn +1

<sc>Distichium</sc> (24). Caps. as in last; teeth 32 (16 Wilson)\
not confluent at base, linear-lanceolate, entire, perforate or\
cleft, with a medial line; leaves <i>distichous</i>, setaceous from a\
sheathing base.      |#58#.

<sc>Tortula</sc> (27). Caps. mostly erect ovate-oblong, smooth,\
teeth 32 very long filiform <i>twisted</i>, articulate papillose,\
outer cellules yellow, inner red, often united into a membrane\
at base; leaves not distichous.      |#63#.

<sc>Cinclidotus</sc> (28). Caps. immersed ovate or oval, smooth,\
teeth 32 perfect or rudimentary, adhering at top to columella,\
contorted, anastomosing at base.      |#74#.

* * * * * Teeth 32 or 64 equidistant, short, obtuse,\
connected at apex by a tympanum, formed\
of dilated apex of columella; nerve of\
leaf covered with vertical lamellæ.

† Caps. not angular.

<sc>Atrichum</sc> (42). Caps. cylindrical, erect or cernuous,\
calyptra narrow, almost naked, spinulose at apex only;\
teeth 32 ligulate rigid, united at base by a narrow membrane,\
leaves not sheathing, lamellæ few, nerve narrow. Columella\
round.      |#100#.

<sc>Oligotrichum</sc> (43). Caps. sub-cylindrical, erect, gibbous,\
peristome as above; calyptra slightly setose at apex; leaves\
sheathing at base, more lamellated, nerve wider; columella\
winged.      |#101#.

<sc>Pogonatum</sc> (44) Caps. ovate or urceolate, regular,\
.bn 021.png
.pn +1
erect or inclined, calyptra very hairy, peristome as above;\
leaves rigid, densely lamellated, nerve thick and broad.      |#101#.

† † Caps. angular; teeth 64, rarely |#32#.

<sc>Polytrichum</sc> (46). Caps. with a discoid apophysis,\
erect, when ripe horizontal; teeth 64 (in some species 32).\
Calyptra very hairy; leaves as in last.      |#102#.


III. <sc>Peristome double.</sc>

<i>a.</i> Caps. plano-convex.

<sc>Buxbaumia</sc> (40). Caps. very large, apophysate, oblique;\
outer teeth irregular reddish, opaque, inner a pale conical\
plicate membrane, calyptra small, only covering the conical\
obtuse lid, fugacious, entire or laterally cleft.      |#99#.

<i>b.</i> Caps. cylindrical.

<sc>Encalypta</sc> (partly) (29). <i>vide ante p. 2.</i>|

<i>c.</i> Caps. oblong.

<sc>Orthotrichum</sc> (chiefly) (36). <i>vide ante p. 5.</i>|

<i>d.</i> Caps. obovate, unequal, mouth oblique.

<sc>Funaria</sc> (57). Caps. obliquely pyriform ventricose, sub-erect\
or cernuous; outer perist. 16, obliquely lanceolate,\
teeth trabeculate, longitudinally striate, and connected at\
.bn 022.png
.pn +1
apex by a small circular disc, very hygrometric, inner a membrane\
divided into 16 lanceolate processes opposite to outer;\
calyptra inflated below.      |#126#.

<sc>Amblyodon</sc> (56). Caps. clavate or sub-pyriform, incurved\
sub-erect; perist. outer, 16 short, erect, obtuse teeth; inner\
(longer) a membrane divided into 16 carinate processes,\
without cilia. Calyptra indexed at base; leaves loosely\
reticulated.      |#125#.

<sc>Meesia</sc> (55). Caps, obovate or clavate, curved, gibbous,\
sub-erect, neck long, tapering into seta; perist. outer 16\
short, obtuse teeth, somewhat united to inner, entire or split\
along medial line; inner same as last; leaves of close firm\
texture, strongly nerved.      |#125#.

<i>e.</i> Capsule striated.

<sc>Zygodon</sc> (37). <i>vide ante p. 7.</i>|

<sc>Aulacomnion</sc> (47). Caps. oval or oblong apophysate,\
cernuous on a flexuose seta; perist. outer 16 teeth, lanceolate-subulate,\
barred; inner a thin membrane divided half way\
into 16 carinate lacunose processes, with cilia two or three\
together. Branches bearing terminal globular masses\
(<i>pseudopodia</i>) of rudimentary leaves or gemmæ.      |#105#.

<sc>Bartramia</sc> (61). Caps. globose, rather large, erect or\
cernuous, rarely pendulous, not apophysate; perist. double,\
single, or wanting; outer 16 equidistant lanceolate teeth;\
inner a membrane divided into 16 carinate lanceolate processes,\
.bn 023.png
.pn +1
splitting along the middle, alternating, sometimes\
with cilia; calyptra small dimidiate; leaves papillose or\
muriculate.      |#128#.

<i>f.</i> Caps. smooth, mostly pyriform.

<sc>Paludella</sc> (54). Caps. oval-oblong, slightly curved,\
cernuous or sub-erect, lid mammillate; peristome as in\
<i>Bryum</i>, inner without cilia; leaves squarrose.      |#125#.

<sc>Timmia</sc> (46). Caps. obovate, cernuous; perist. outer 16\
teeth, inner, a membrane divided half way into 64 filiform\
processes; variously united at the summits; leaves sheathing,\
rigid, lanceolate; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform. Infl.\
monoicous.      |#104#.

<sc>Orthodontium</sc> (48). Caps. clavoto-pyriform, inclined;\
perist. outer 16 teeth indexed when dry; inner deeply\
divided into 16 narrow carinate processes; leaves very\
tender, narrow, not sheathing; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform,\
aggregate. Infl. monoicous.      |#106#.

<sc>Leptobryum</sc> (49). Caps. and perist. as in <i>Bryum</i>; stems\
of annual growth without innovations; leaves almost setaceous.\
Infl. synoicous.      |#106#.

<sc>Bryum</sc> (50). Caps. pyriform cernuous or inclined; perist.\
outer 16 teeth, inner a membrane divided half way into 16\
carinate segments with or without cilia; stems perennial,\
with innovations below the terminal flower; barren fl. gemmiform\
or naked.      |#106#.
.bn 024.png
.pn +1

<sc>Mnium</sc> (51). Caps. oblong pendulous; perist. as in\
<i>Bryum</i>; stems with innovations from the lower part; leaves\
large; barren fl. discoid; infl. dioicous or synoicous.      |#121#.

<sc>Cinclidium</sc> (52). Caps., leaves and stem as in <i>Mnium</i>,\
outer teeth 16 short, inner cupuliform.      |#124#.


<sc>Sect. I.</sc> <i>b.</i> CLADOCARPI.

Fruit terminal on very short lateral branches.

<sc>Div. I.</sc> <i>Peristome none.</i>

<sc>Sphagnum</sc> (2). <i>vide ante p. 1.</i>|

<sc>Div. II.</sc> <i>Peristome single.</i>

<sc>Mielichhoferia</sc> (53). <i>vide ante p. 8.</i>|

<sc>Fissidens</sc> (71) partly. <i>vide ante p. 10.</i>|

<sc>Cinclidotus</sc> (28) occasionally. <i>vide ante p. 12.</i>|


<sc>Sect. II.</sc> PLEUROCARPI.

Fructification truly lateral.

<sc>Div. I.</sc> <i>Calyptra dimidiate.</i>

<sc>Sub-Div. I.</sc> <i>Peristome none.</i>

<sc>Anœctangium</sc> (72). Caps. oval or obovate, erect, with\
.bn 025.png
.pn +1
a short slightly inflated neck; lid conico-convex with a long\
slender oblique beak; stems erect, cæspitose.      |#139#.

<sc>Sub-Div. II.</sc> <i>Perist. single, of 16 teeth.</i>

<sc>Habrodon</sc> (77). Caps. oval-oblong erect, calyptra large,\
lid conical; st. sub-erect, l. spreading, nerveless, soft and\
opaque; per. teeth simple, linear, inserted below mouth of\
caps., remotely articulate: dioicous.      |#141#.

<sc>Sub-Div. III.</sc> <i>Peristome almost single.</i>

<i>a.</i> <i>inner peristome very short and indistinct.</i>

<sc>Leucodon</sc> (73). Caps. oval erect, on a short pedicel;\
calyptra large; outer teeth 16 bifid or perforate, not hygroscopic;\
surculi erect simple; leaves plicato-striate, nerveless.      |#139#.

<sc>Pterogonium</sc> (78). Caps. oblong erect, on a long seta;\
calyptra small; outer teeth 16 simple, hygroscopic; surculi\
dendroid, with fasciculate curved branches; leaves not striate.      |#141#.

<sc>Leptodon</sc> (75). Caps. oval on a very short seta; calyptra\
and vaginula hairy; teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, entire or\
fissile, not hygroscopic; surculi pinnate; branches curled\
when dry; leaves very obtuse.      |#140#.

<sc>Sub-Div. IV.</sc> <i>Peristome double.</i>

<i>a.</i> <i>Inner perist. of 16 cilia.</i>

<sc>Antitrichia</sc> (74). Caps, oval, regular, on a short curved\
.bn 026.png
.pn +1
seta; calyptra rather large smooth; inner peristome of 16\
filiform processes; outer 16 tapering teeth with a medial\
line; surculi procumbent, pinnate.      |#140#.

<sc>Anomodon</sc> (76). Caps. oval-oblong erect, on a long\
seta; lid obliquely rostrate; calyptra small; perist. as in\
last: stems erect with erect branches, cæspitose; leaves of\
close texture acuminate, nerved.      |#140#.

<sc>Cylindrothecium</sc> (81). Caps. cylindrical, regular,\
erect; outer teeth 16 inserted below mouth of capsule; inner\
of 16 narrow carinate processes; lid shortly rostellate; stem\
procumbent pinnate; leaves ovate concave, faintly two-nerved\
at base.      |#142#.

<sc>Neckera</sc> (85). Caps. oval-oblong, immersed or pedicillate;\
lid obliquely rostrate, outer teeth 16 linear-subulate,\
long, connivent into a cone; inner as above; stems pinnate;\
leaves complanate. St. sub-erect from a creeping rhizome.      |#182#.

<i>b.</i> <i>Inner peristome a membrane divided half way into 16\
carinate segments with or without cilia.</i>

* Caps. symmetrical, erect or sub-erect.

<sc>Omalia</sc> (84). Leaves complanate smooth, falciform,\
obtuse, serrulate at apex, not undulate (allied to <i>Neckera</i>).|

<sc>Leskea</sc> (82). Perist. outer of 16 narrow barred teeth,\
inner without (rarely with) intermediate cilia, leaves mostly\
ovate, nerved or nerveless, entire, spreading every way.      |#143#.
.bn 027.png
.pn +1

<sc>Climacium</sc> (80). Caps. oblong, erect; lid adhering\
to the persistent columella; outer teeth linear-lanceolate,\
confluent at base, trabeculate, with a medial line; inner\
alternate and longer than outer, lacunose without cilia,\
the two segments of each process united only at apex;\
stem dendroid, erect.      |#142#.

<sc>Isothecium</sc> (79). Caps. oval, sub-erect, symmetrical;\
lid not adhering to columella; outer teeth 16 barred, with a\
medial line; inner with intermediate cilia, two or three\
together; stem dendroid drooping; branches fasciculate or\
pinnate.      |#142#.

* * Caps. unequal, cernuous.

<sc>Hypnum</sc> (83). Caps. cernuous, sometimes nearly erect,\
rarely pendulous, ovate or oblong, more or less curved, and\
sometimes slightly apophysate; outer teeth 16 equidistant\
lanceolate acuminate, barred, inner alternating, often perforate,\
with intermediate cilia, one, two or three together.      |#145#.

<i>c.</i> Inner perist. a reticulated cone.

<sc>Dichelyma</sc> (90). Peristome like <i>Fontinalis</i>; caps.\
scarcely exserted; calyptra long twisted; leaves nerved.      |#185#.


<sc>Div. II.</sc> <i>Calyptra mitriform.</i>

<sc>Hookeria</sc> (86). Caps. ovate or elliptical, cernuous, lid\
with a straight beak; perist. as in <i>Leskia</i>; calyptra not\
fringed at base; leaves complanate, loosely reticulated.      |#184#.
.bn 028.png
.pn +1

<sc>Daltonia</sc> (87). Caps. erect oval-oblong, obscurely\
apophysate; calyptra fringed at base; leaves spreading every\
way; inner perist. divided nearly to base.      |#184#.

<sc>Cryphæa</sc> (88). Caps. oval-oblong or roundish, sub-sessile,\
immersed; calyptra conical small, not fringed; peristome\
as in <i>Neckera</i>.      |#184#.

<sc>Fontinalis</sc> (89). Caps. ovate or oval, immersed, sub-sessile;\
calyptra conical, crenate or slightly lacerate at base,\
small; outer teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, very long, cohering\
at apex in pairs, barred, twisted; inner a plicate cone, with\
16 angles, consisting of filiform cilia, united by crossbars.      |#185#.
.ta-
.bn 029.png
.pn +1

.sp 4
.h2
DIVISION I. ACROCARPI. (Genera 1–72.)
.sp 2

.sp 2
.h3
1. ANDREÆA. Ehr.

.sp 2
.h4
<i>a.</i> <i>L. nerveless.</i>

1. <sc>A. petrophila.</sc> Ehr. (<i>A. rupestris</i> Hedw.) St. ¼ inch
loosely tufted, with fastigiate branches; l. erect imbricate,
with a sheathing base, generally secund, ovate or ovate-subulate,
tapering above, and rather obtuse; papillose,
areolæ dotted; per. l. larger; all reddish brown.

Sub-alpine rocks, frequent. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

2. <sc>A. alpestris.</sc> Schimp. St. taller, densely tufted,
with slender branches; l. crowded, very small, patent on all
sides when moist, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, areolæ
quadrate at margin; per. l. shorter and more obtuse.

Damp alpine rocks. Glen Callater; Perthshire.

.sp 2

3. <sc>A. obovata.</sc> Thed. “Densely tufted, blackish brown,
tall and robust; l. somewhat like those of <i>alpina</i>, from an
imbricate base ovate-panduriform, gradually lanceolate,
nearly smooth, glossy, quite entire at margin, areolæ much
laxer.” Dr. Braithwaite, Jour, of Bot., <sc>VIII.</sc> p. 95.

Glen Callater.

.sp 2

4. <sc>A. alpina.</sc> Turner. St. tall 1–3in. densely tufted,
with long fastigiate branches; l. imbricate, spreading,
reddish or purplish brown, obovate, almost panduriform
concave; per. l. larger elliptic sheathing, acute, areolæ
dot-like.

Alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.bn 030.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>b.</i> <i>L. nerved.</i>

5. <sc>A. rupestris.</sc> Turn. (<i>A. Rothii</i> W. & M.) St.
scarcely ½ inch, loosely tufted; l. imbricate, falcato-secund,
longly subulate from an ovate base, thickly nerved to apex,
rigid almost black; per. l. larger convolute.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

6. <sc>A. Grimsulana.</sc> Bruch. Much more robust than the
last, rufous black; l. lanceolate acute broader, more solid,
falcato-secund; per. l. broadly ovate not acuminate.

Brandsley Falls, Yorkshire, J. G. Baker 1858. Herb.
Kew.—Ingleborough.

.sp 2

7. <sc>A. crassinervia.</sc> Bruch. Tufts depressed deep black,
st. prostrate ascending, fragile; l. shining falcato-secund,
subulate from an oblong base; nerve thick excurrent into
the round papillose <i>subula</i>, margin entire, cells quadrate;
per. l. erecto-patent convolute nerveless.

Alpine rocks; Hebden Bridge 1865; Scotland; Snowdon
1853.

.sp 2

8. <sc>A. falcata.</sc> Schimp. Smaller than last, very fragile
black; l. falcato-secund, opaque, from a dilated obovate base
abruptly lanceolate-subulate, nerve flattened, ending at or
below the apex, which is erose at margin.

Snowdon 1865 and Cader Idris (Schimper); Perthshire
(McKinlay).

.sp 2

9. <sc>A. nivalis.</sc> Hooker. St. longer tufted slender, l.
reddish brown, falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, acute,
gradually tapering and nerved to apex.

Alpine rocks at limit of perpetual snow; Ben Nevis, &c.
Summer.
.bn 031.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h3
2. SPHAGNUM. Dill.

.pm hanging6begin
[Dr. Braithwaite is at present publishing in the “Monthly Microscopical
Journal” a Monograph of this genus, but as he has
only got some three or four species described, I regret that
I cannot avail myself of his valuable researches, and can
only publish such species as are known to me. His division
of species is as follows:—
.pm hangingend

.ta rrh s='' w=100%
A.| 1| <i>S. cymbifolium</i> Ehr.
B. |2 |<i>S. tenellum</i> Ehr.
|3| <i>S. rubellum</i> Wils.
|4| <i>S. neglectum</i> Angst.
|5| <i>S. subsecundum</i> N. von E.
C.| 6| <i>S. molle</i> Sulot.
|7| <i>S. rigidum.</i> N. H. & S.
D. |8| <i>S. squarrosum</i> Pers.
|9| <i>S. teres</i> Angst.
|10| <i>S. acutifolium</i> Ehr.
|11| <i>S. strictum</i> Lindb.
|12| <i>S. fimbriatum</i> Wils.
|13| <i>S. Lindbergii</i> Schp.
|14| <i>S. intermedium</i> Hoff.
|15| <i>S. cuspidatum</i> Ehr.]
.ta-

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> <i>Leaves obtuse roundish or elliptical.</i>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Utricles of branches lined with spiral fibres.

10. <sc>S. cymbifolium.</sc> Ehr. St. 3–12 inches robust tufted
solid, covered with a cortical web. Stem l. lingulate-spathulate
with a rounded apex; br. l. imbricate broadly ovate
concave cucullate and muriculate at apex; caps. large
globose on a short seta: dioicous.

Bogs, common. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Branch cells without spiral fibres.

11. <sc>S. compactum.</sc> Brid. St. erect, 2–4in. dichotomous,
densely cæspitose; branches crowded short, almost erect,
br. l. ovate-subulate, obtuse, concave, slightly cucullate and
smooth at apex, præmorse with 3–4 teeth; st. l. small
elliptical: dioicous.

Wet moors. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

12. <sc>S. tenellum.</sc> Ehr. (<i>S. molluscum.</i> Bruch.) Stems
rarely 2in. slender, soft, fragile, branches similar; l. erecto-patent
.bn 032.png
.pn +1
reflexed, ovate-oblong, with a broadish border, very
concave on the branches, pale yellowish white; utricles of
the branches between the leaves recurved at points; caps.
small orange-red, on a long pedicel: dioicous.

Wet hollows on peat bogs. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

13. <sc>S. rubellum.</sc> Wils. St. 2–5in. slender loosely
tufted with slender deflexed sometimes curved branches; st.
l. large ovate-oblong concave obtuse sub-secund with a
minutely toothed apex; br. l. ovate or oblong-ovate, margins
indexed, capsule almost included: dioicous.

Peat mosses, fr. rare. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> <i>Leaves acuminate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate.</i>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Leaves erecto-patent.

14. <sc>S. acutifolium.</sc> Ehr. St. 3–6in. with slender
attenuated branches; stem. l. small ovate acute erect; branch
l. ovate-lanceolate slightly præmorse with a 3–4 toothed apex,
erecto-patent, often with a pinkish tinge, sometimes almost
white; pedicel long; monoicous.

Bogs and marshes. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

15. <sc>S. fimbriatum.</sc> Wils. St. slender 6–12in. loosely
cæspitose, with slender deflexed branches; st. l. obovate
broad very obtuse, and fringed at the summit; br. l. ovate-lanceolate
acute erecto-patent, whitish, never reddish; p. l.
very large obtuse, cucullate; caps. on a short pedicel, nearly
enclosed in the per. leaves: monoicous.

Bogs and marshes. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

16. <sc>S. cuspidatum.</sc> Dill. Ehr. St. 3–12in., flaccid with
distant deflexed attenuated branches, the younger ones
.bn 033.png
.pn +1
cuspidate; st. l. ovate acute, br. l. lanceolate acute præmorse
slightly fringed and bordered; per. l. broadly ovate, acute,
ped. short: dioicous.

Wet bogs. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

17. <sc>S. recurvum.</sc> P. Beauv. “Distinguished from the
last by its branch leaves, recurved when dry, elliptical, not
attenuated towards the apex; usually growing out of the
water, whilst <i>S. cuspidatum</i> is almost submerged.”—G.
E. Hunt.

Common in bogs.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. δ. |<i>laricinum</i>. Spruce. l. loosely imbricated,
slightly undulate when dry, areolæ very
minute.
.dl-

.sp 2

18. <sc>S. contortum.</sc> Schultz. St. 3–6in. rigid blackish,
“with a single layer of cortical cellules”, and with crowded
generally contorted attenuated branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acute concave, frequently 3–toothed at the apex,
the cellules bordered with a row of small pores at the back
of the leaf: dioicous.

Bogs and ditches. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. γ. |<i>obesum</i>; stem more robust, branches thicker
and longer, leaves larger.
.dl-

.sp 2

19. <sc>S. subsecundum.</sc> Nees & H. Allied to <i>contortum</i>, but
more lax in habit, stems more slender, with shorter branches
and with the branch leaves generally more or less secund.

.sp 2

20. <sc>S. curvifolium.</sc> Wils. MS. Allied to the last;
stem with a cortical layer of two or three rows of cellules,
leaves without marginal pores, entire, acute.
.bn 034.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Leaves squarrose.

21. <sc>S. squarrosum.</sc> Pers. St. 4–12in. rigid, often
forked, with long deflexed attenuated branches; l. ovate-acuminate
acute, recurved; caps. large on a longish pedicel.

Bogs. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
3. ARCHIDIUM. <sc>Bridel.</sc>

22. <sc>A. phascoides</sc> Brid. St. ¼in., second year branched
sometimes 1in.; fertile branches short, barren ones longer,
slender, and with more distant leaves; l. lanceolate pointed,
upper ones longest, entire, nerved nearly to or beyond apex;
p.l. ovate-lanceolate, toothed near the apex, nerve excurrent.

Moist clayey or chalky banks, &c. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
4. PHASCUM. <sc>Linn.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> (<sc>Ephemerum.</sc>) Almost stemless, capsule\
immersed, barren fl. gemmiform at base of,\
or near to, fertile fl.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Growing from a conferva-like thallus, columella\
fugacious.

23. <sc>P. serratum.</sc> Schreb. “Stemless, leaves lanceolate,
nerveless (?) serrated, connivent; capsule large roundish ovate,
sub-sessile.” (Wils.)

Sandy banks or fallows. <pm right 'Spring or Autumn.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>angustifolium.</i> “Leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate,
obscurely toothed; caps. smaller.”
.dl-

24. <sc>P. cohærens.</sc> Hed. Stemless, very minute; l.
ovate-lanceolate, keeled, erect, nerved to apex, and serrated
about half way from summit; capsule immersed sub-sessile.

On the ground. <pm right 'Winter.'>
.bn 035.png
.pn +1

.sp 2

25. <sc>P. tenerum.</sc> Bruch. Inconspicuous; l. broad ovate-lanceolate,
slightly denticulate at apex, very flaccid; caps.
small, pale yellow, calyptra conical. Bry. Europ. vol. I.

On the mud of dried-up pools. <pm right 'Winter.'>

Weald of Sussex, Mr. Mitten.

.sp 2

26. <sc>P. sessile.</sc> B. & S. Very minute, almost stemless;
l. lanceolate-subulate, denticulate more than two-thirds from
summit, rigid, with an almost excurrent nerve; caps. sessile
small, rounded, brownish: monoicous.

Clay and chalky heaths, rare. <pm right 'Autumn, Winter.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>stenophyllum</i>. l. shorter, linear-lanceolate,
slightly serrulate.
.dl-

27. <sc>P. recurvifolium.</sc> Dicks. Minute, st. almost none;
l. lingulate, rarely linear-lanceolate, erect, frequently recurved,
denticulate at the apex, with a strong generally
excurrent nerve; caps. roundish ovate, nearly sessile.

Heaths and fallows. <pm right 'Autumn, Winter.'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Mature plants without confervoid shoots.

28. <sc>P. muticum.</sc> Schreb. Minute, almost stemless; l.
convolute, broadly ovate, tapering pointed, concave, toothed
above, nerved nearly to the apex; caps. round, reddish,
erect, sub-sessile.

Moist banks and fallows. <pm right 'Autumn, Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>minus</i>, leaves entire.
.dl-

.sp 2

29. <sc>P. triquetrum.</sc> Spruce. Almost stemless; l. in
three rows, lowest minute ovate nerveless, three uppermost
(perichætial) cucullate, pointed, obovate, keeled, margins
.bn 036.png
.pn +1
reflexed, denticulate above, nerve excurrent; caps. spherical,
horizontal or drooping, pedicel long, slender, suddenly bent
near its union with the capsule.

Cliffs, Sussex coast. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect.</sc> II. Barren fl. axillary, antheridia naked.

30. <sc>P. Floerkeanum.</sc> Web. & M. Almost stemless,
very minute; leaves broadly ovate, tapering to a point, lower
ones small nerveless, upper ones larger nerve excurrent,
margins reflexed; caps. ovate-spherical, shortly beaked,
immersed with sub-conical curved-pointed calyptra.

Clay or chalky fields, rare. <pm right '<sc>IX.–XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

31. <sc>P. rectum.</sc> Sm. Stem short; l. closely crowded,
erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate pointed with an excurrent
nerve, often reddish, margins recurved; caps. exserted,
roundish ovoid, on a longish straight pedicel.

Fields and banks near the coast, frequent. <pm right 'Winter.'>

.sp 2

32. <sc>P. curvicollum.</sc> Hedw. St. short reddish; l.
erecto-patent, lanceolate, tapering, pointed with an excurrent
nerve, entire, margin reflexed; caps. roundish, blunt-pointed,
cernuous, exserted, on a longish curved pedicel; cal.
dimidiate.

Moist banks and fields.

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. III.</sc> Barren fl. axillary, gemmiform.

33. <sc>P. cuspidatum.</sc> Schreb. From ⅛ to ¼in. high, st.
simple or branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, erect
concave, keeled, with the nerve prominently excurrent; caps.
roundish, immersed on a short pedicel.

Moist banks, hedges, and fields, common. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>
.bn 037.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β.| leaves longer, lanceolate; caps. smaller.

γ. |<i>Schreberianum.</i> St. elongated, branches dichotomous;
leaves distant spreading.

δ. |<i>piliferum.</i> Pedicel curved; leaves with long
white filiform points.

ε. |<i>curvisetum.</i> Caps. laterally exserted, on a
longish curved pedicel.

ζ. |<i>elatum.</i> Upper leaves lanceolate, cuspidate
caps. sub-pendulous, similar to the last.
.dl-

.sp 2

34. <sc>P. bryoides</sc>. Dicks. St. ⅛–¼in. simple or branched;
l. lower, ovate pointed, upper elliptic ovate concave erect,
margin reflexed, pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps.
elliptical, with an oblique blunt point, brown, exserted.
Barren fl. sometimes terminal on a short branch.

Banks and fields, rare. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β.| leaves piliferous.

γ. |<i>curvisetum.</i> Pedicel curved, longer.

δ. |caps. roundish, pedicel very short.

ε. |smaller, with piliferous leaves. (<i>P. pusillum</i>
Schleich.)

ζ. |<i>Thornhillii.</i> “l. spreading sub-reflexed spathulato-lanceolate,
margin plane, nerve slightly
excurrent; caps. narrowly elliptical, rostrate,
pedicel elongated.”
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. IV.</sc> Barren fl. naked in the axil of a\
perichætial leaf.

35. <sc>P. patens.</sc> Hedw. St. ⅛in. l. more or less spreading,
sometimes recurved, obovate-lanceolate, serrulate near the
apex, concave, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. immersed
spherical pointed, pale brown, sub-sessile.

Clay banks and fields. <pm right 'Autumn.'>
.bn 038.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. V.</sc> Stems growing by innovations, caps. therefore\
often apparently lateral, leaves narrow,\
almost setaceous.

36. <sc>P. nitidum.</sc> Hedw. L. generally erect, linear-lanceolate,
keeled, sub-denticulate near apex, nerved (thin)
nearly to summit; caps. elliptical, with a short oblique
point, sometimes pendulous, on a short pedicel.

Moist banks, &c. <pm right 'Autumn, Spring.'>

.sp 2

37. <sc>P. subulatum.</sc> L. St. ⅛in. l. lanceolate, sharply
tapering from a broadish base, not keeled, with a broad
nerve ceasing near the apex; per. l. almost setaceous; caps.
roundish-ovoid pale brown, immersed, on a very short
pedicel.

Banks and fields, common. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

38. <sc>P. alternifolium.</sc> Bruch. & S. St. sometimes
with innovations, ½in. long, or more; st. l. lanceolate acuminate
from a broad base; per. l. subulate-setaceous, with a
thick nerve, excurrent and forming nearly the upper half of
the leaf; caps. ovoid immersed, brownish, with an oblique
point.

Banks and fallow ground. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. VI.</sc> Stems perennial branched; leaves linear-lanceolate\
firm strongly nerved; caps. with\
traces of a dehiscent lid; barren fl. gemmiform,\
terminal on a branch or sometimes axillary.

39. <sc>P. crispum.</sc> Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; with fastigiate
branches; l. lanceolate-subulate, grooved erect or
spreading, margins involute, nerve excurrent; per. l. very
.bn 039.png
.pn +1
long, concave at base, sometimes almost secund; caps.
roundish, immersed, pale brown, with an oblique beak.

Banks and fields, chiefly limestone. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

40. <sc>P. multicapsulare.</sc> Smith. St. ½in., loosely
tufted; leaves distant, alternate, spreading, lanceolate,
somewhat obtuse, with an excurrent nerve and plane margin;
per. l. longer and broader, erect, incurved; capsule ovoid
tapering to an oblique short beak, on a longish pedicel,
sometimes two together.

Fields, &c., rare. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>Mittenii.</i> Stems fragile, l. shorter, acute, recurved;
p. l. smaller; caps. on a longer pedicel.
.dl-

41. <sc>P. rostellatum.</sc> Brid. St. ⅛–¼in., tufted; l. linear-lanceolate,
spreading obtuse, nerve excurrent, margin plane;
caps. olive-brown ovoid elliptical with a straight beak;
pedicel equalling caps. in length: a smaller plant than the
last.

Dried beds of pools, &c. <pm right 'Autumn, Spring.'>

.sp 2
.h3
5. GYMNOSTOMUM. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> Infl. dioicous, margin of l. reflexed or plane,\
not incurved.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> St. short, per. l. sheathing; caps. elliptic-oblong,\
narrow at mouth, lid conical, annulus large\
persistent.

42. <sc>G. tenue.</sc> Schrad. St. tufted; l. lingulate, sub-erect,
upper ones longest entire, nerved nearly to apex;
caps. pale brown, lid obtuse.

Sandstone rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>
.bn 040.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> St. taller, branched; per. l. slightly sheathing,\
caps. oval or ovoid, truncate; lid with a long\
beak, annulus narrow, persistent.

43. <sc>G. rupestre.</sc> Schw. St. ½in. densely tufted,
slender, dichotomous; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading obtuse
keeled, nerved nearly to apex; capsule erect oval, lid flattish,
suddenly rising to a longish scarcely bent beak.

Wet alpine rocks. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>ramosissimum.</i> densely tufted, leaves shorter,
capsule smaller on a shorter pedicel.

γ. |<i>stelligerum.</i> loosely tufted, l. fasciculate and
stellato-patent at the ends of the branches,
linear-lanceolate acute.

δ. |<i>compactum.</i> leaves fascicled, longer and more
obtuse.
.dl-

.sp 2

44. <sc>G. curvirostrum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose
branches fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading keeled,
margins recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. broadly
ovoid, lid adhering to columella, conical battened, with a
long suddenly bent beak.

Moist sub-alpine rocks. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>pomiforme.</i> leaves narrow, caps. more spherical.

γ. |<i>microcarpon.</i> l. broader, erecto-patent, caps.
smaller, roundish obovate.

δ. |<i>pallidisetum.</i> st. long slender, l. fascicled, caps.
small obovate, with a shorter pedicel and beak.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> Infl. monoicous; margins of l. incurved or\
plane, not reflexed.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Caps. contracted at mouth; sporangium adherent to\
columella forming a closed sac.
.bn 041.png
.pn +1

45. <sc>G. squarrosum.</sc> Wils. St. ¼in. loosely tufted, l.
linear-lanceolate, squarrose, distant, blunt, nerve running
out into a mucro; caps. elliptical, sometimes oblique and
unequal; lid with a blunt beak.

Clay fields and banks. <pm right 'Autumn, Spring.'>

.sp 2

46. <sc>G. microstomum</sc>. Hedw. St. ⅛ to ¼in. densely
tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute, upper ones longest, nerve
excurrent; capsule elliptical, sometimes oblique and gibbous,
olive-brown, much contracted, lid with a longish curved beak.

Fields, &c. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>obliquum.</i> caps. oblong, oblique, lid sub-rostrate.

γ. |<i>brevirostre.</i> caps. oblong symmetrical, lid short
conical.

δ. |<i>brachycarpum.</i> caps. roundish, gibbous.

ε. |<i>elatum.</i> innovations overtopping fruit, caps.
roundish small, lid sub-rostrate.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Caps. scarcely contracted; sporangium not adherent.

47. <sc>G. tortile.</sc> Schw. St. ⅛–¼in. densely tufted with
fastigiate branches; l. oblong-lanceolate, spreading or sub-erect
curved, obtuse, pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps.
elliptical, with a purple mouth and an inclined beaked lid.

Limestone rocks. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>subcylindricum.</i> l. linear-lanceolate, caps. oblong.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
6. WEISSIA. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

48. <sc>W. controversa.</sc> Hedw. St. ⅛–¼in. branched; l.
lower lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate, margin incurved,
.bn 042.png
.pn +1
with a slightly excurrent nerve; caps. oval, erect, lid conical,
beak half-length of capsule; barren fl. gemmiform.

Frequent. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>stenocarpa.</i> caps. sub-cylindrical narrow.

γ. |<i>densifolia.</i> densely tufted; l. crowded narrower.

δ. |<i>amblyodon.</i> teeth of peristome variable, short
and truncate, acute or cleft at apex., yellowish.

ε. |<i>gymnostomoides.</i> teeth of peristome almost
wanting.
.dl-

.sp 2

49. <sc>W. mucronata.</sc> B. & S. Smaller than last; l.
linear-lanceolate, with plane margins, the nerve slightly
excurrent and forming a mucro; caps. oblong, scarcely
striated; teeth of per. short truncate, perforated, lid with a
longish beak; barren fl. gemmiform.

Fallow (clay) ground. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

50. <sc>W. cirrhata.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. loosely tufted; l.
linear-lanceolate, spreading entire concave, keeled, margin
reflexed, not nerved to apex; per. l. slightly sheathing,
shorter; caps. oval-oblong; lid with a long beak; monoicous.

Posts and rocks in mountainous districts.

.sp 2

51. <sc>W. crispula.</sc> Hedw. St. shorter than last,
branched; l. spreading, frequently falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate,
base wide, concave; margins plane, not nerved to
apex; caps. oval or oblong without annulus; lid beaked.
Barren fl. gemmiform.

Mountainous rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> Infl. dioicous; terminal.

52. <sc>W. verticillata.</sc> Brid. St. ¼–¾in., branches fastigiate;
.bn 043.png
.pn +1
l. linear-lanceolate, rigid, denticulate at base, sub-erect,
margin plane, with a strong slightly excurrent nerve;
teeth of per. incurved, not barred, sometimes perforated;
caps. erect, reddish; lid beaked.

Dripping limestone rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

53. <sc>W. calcarea.</sc> Müll. St. short, simple; densely
tufted, radiculose at base; l. lower small ferruginous, erecto-patent,
narrowly lanceolate; upper larger deep green lineal-lanceolate,
rather obtuse concave, stoutly nerved nearly to
apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. l. lanceolate concave
acute; caps. oblong sub-cylindric short-necked erect, on a
pale yellow seta, lid conical subulate.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var.  δ. |<i>brevifolium.</i> Schpr. Slender branched; l. lower
very minute distant, upper crowded ovate-lanceolate,
recurved above; caps. oval.
.dl-

Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, nr. Banchory, Dee
side. Mr. Sim. <i>var.</i>  δ. only and barren. [Dr. Braithwaite.]

.sp 2

54. <sc>W. commutata.</sc> Mitt. “L. from a sub-oblong base
lanceolate, narrowed, keeled with the nerve, which vanishes
below apex, cells nearly all elongated and pellucid; per. l.
similar”; caps. turbinate, lid with a very oblique longish
beak.

Alpine rocks, Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham (Mr. Bowman.)

.sp 2

55. <sc>W. truncicola.</sc> De Not. In large dense bright
green tufts; st. 1–2in. dichotomous, reddish, radiculose
below; l. erect when moist and often secund on the young
shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a narrowly lanceolate
base gradually subulate channelled, thinly nerved nearly
to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and
.bn 044.png
.pn +1
on the back of the nerve; strongly cirrhate and twisted
when dry; basal cells large cylindraceo-vesicular, the rest
small quadrate or sub-hexagonal, filled with chlorophyll.
[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <sc>IX.</sc>, 290.]

Base of an oak trunk in Sutton Park, Birmingham. J.
Bagnall, 27th Aug., 1870.

.sp 2
.h3
7. RHABDOWEISSIA. <sc>Bruch. & S.</sc>

56. <sc>R. fugax.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼–½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate,
acute, toothed near apex, margins plane; caps.
ovate, somewhat striated; teeth of per. subulate, fugacious;
lid with an oblique beak longer than capsule.

Sub-alpine rocks, in crevices. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

57. <sc>R. denticulata.</sc> B. & S. St. longer than last,
loosely tufted; l. lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly
toothed half way from apex; caps. more distinctly striated
when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate, persistent.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.

.sp 2
.h3
8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM. <sc>Bruch. & S.</sc>

58. <sc>C. saxicola.</sc> B. & S. Minute; l. elongate, linear-lanceolate,
crowded entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit;
caps. elliptical drooping, on a geniculate pedicel, annulus
double, calyptra 5–cleft. at base.

Sandstone rocks, rare. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
9. BRACHYODUS. <sc>Nees. & H.</sc>

59. <sc>B. trichodes.</sc> N. & H. Very minute; l. lanceolate-subulate,
almost setaceous; erect, with an excurrent nerve
.bn 045.png
.pn +1
forming half the leaf; caps. erect, furrowed; per. very
short, annulus large, lid flattish with a long beak.

Sub-alpine sandstone rocks. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2
.h3
10. SELIGERIA. <sc>Bruch & S.</sc>

60. <sc>S. pusilla.</sc> Bruch. & S. Minute, ⅛in. stems loosely
tufted, simple or dichotomous; l. lanceolate-subulate, very
narrow, thinly nerved nearly to apex; per. with teeth
distantly barred; caps. on an upright pedicel, turbinate
when dry, with a flattish beaked lid.

Shady limestone rocks. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

61. <sc>S. tristicha.</sc> Brid. Densely cæspitose, rigid; l.
exactly tristichous, crowded, rigid, narrowly lanceolate,
muticous, base whitish; caps. yellowish brown sub-spherical,
with a tumid neck, lid large with a long oblique or arcuate
beak; per. teeth narrower than in <i>calcarea</i>.

Calcareous stones and rocks. <pm right 'Summer.'>

Blair Athol, Glen Tilt, and Ben-y-Gloe. Rev. J. M.
Crombie.

.sp 2

62. <sc>S. paucifolia.</sc> Carruthers. (<i>S. subcernua</i>, Schp.; <i>S.
calcicola</i>, Mitt.) Densely gregarious, low; leaves crowded
erecto-patent, lower ones lanceolate, upper subulate from a
narrow oblong base, margins plane, nerve exserted, areolæ
dense, rectangular; caps. elliptical sub-cernuous on a long
seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak; male fl. at base
of female plant.

Limestone rocks and stones. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten; Near Wetherby, 1801,
Dickson.

.sp 2

[63. <sc>S. acutifolia.</sc> Lind. Very small; l. and per. l.
from a more or less sheathing base abruptly narrowed into a
.bn 046.png
.pn +1
subterete setiform acute pointed awl, formed by the excurrent
nerve, crenulate; seta 1 mm. long; caps. small,
scarcely exserted, pyriform with a short neck, lid with a
short scarcely oblique beak];—type not British but

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var.  β. |<i>longiseta</i>, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2–3 mm.
long, caps. exserted, beak of lid longer and
more oblique—gathered by Mr. Wilson, 14th
May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. Lindberg.
.dl-

.sp 2

64. <sc>S. calcarea.</sc> B. & S. St. short, more robust,
than No. 60, l. ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green with a
thicker nerve; caps. turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short
stiff pedicel; peris. teeth, broader obtuse, closely barred.

Chalk cliffs. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

65. <sc>S. recurvata.</sc> B. & S. St. minute gregarious; l.
lanceolate-subulate, somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent
generally; caps. obovate elliptical; pedicel curved
drooping.

Sandstone rocks, rare. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
11. ANODUS. <sc>Bruch. & S.</sc>

66. <sc>A. Donianus.</sc> B. & S. St. minute, ⅛in. gregarious;
l. almost setaceous, lanceolate-subulate, very minutely
toothed; per. l. bluntish and rather shorter; caps. cup-shaped
or turbinate, mouth wide; Cal. dimidiate; perist.
none, lid with a short beak.

Sandstone rocks, rare. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
12. STYLOSTEGIUM. <sc>Wils.</sc>

67. <sc>S. cæspiticium.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted;
branches fastigiate; l. somewhat falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate,
.bn 047.png
.pn +1
acuminate; per. l. larger with a sheathing base
entire, nerve predominant; caps. roundish-pyriform glossy;
lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella.

Alpine rocks, in crevices. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
13. BLINDIA. <sc>Wils.</sc>

68. <sc>B. acuta.</sc> B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. subulate or
lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub-secund, nerve thick;
per. l. sheathing; caps. roundish-pyriform, on a short
reddish pedicel; lid with a longish beak.

Moist alpine or sub-alpine rocks. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>breviseta.</i> “Stem shorter, caps. on a very short
pedicel.” Wils.

γ. |<i>rupincola.</i> pedicels arcuate.

δ. |<i>trichodes.</i> Braithwaite. l. longer and more falcate.
Wet rocks, near Bolton.—Whitehead.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
14. ARCTOA. <sc>Bruch. & S.</sc>

69. <sc>A. fulvella.</sc> B. & S. St. ½–2in. densely tufted;
l. somewhat secund, often falcate, subulate-setaceous dull
green, sometimes slightly toothed at apex, nerve predominant,
per. l. large sheathing; caps. ovate, sometimes gibbous,
8–furrowed, lid obliquely beaked; barren fl. gemmiform:
monoicous.

Fissures of alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
15. CYNODONTIUM. <sc>Bruch. & S.</sc>

70. <sc>C. Bruntoni.</sc> B. & S. St. ½–1in. tufted, branches
fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate or lanc-subulate, keeled,
sometimes minutely denticulate at apex, margin reflexed,
twisted when dry, nerved almost or quite to apex; per. l.
.bn 048.png
.pn +1
sheathing; caps. erect obovate or elliptical; lid with a long
oblique beak.

Sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
16. DICRANUM. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>a.</i> (<sc>Dicranella.</sc> Schimp.)

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> Stem long, rooting in all parts; leaves spreading\
flexuose, papillose on both sides, crenulate in\
margin, not nerved to apex; infl. monoicous;\
beak of lid shorter than caps.

71. <sc>D. polycarpum.</sc> Ehr. L. bent, flexuose, often
recurved, lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled,
margin recurved, somewhat papillose, denticulate at apex,
nerve excurrent; caps. erect, symmetrical, striated, with a
tumid neck.

Alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>strumiferum.</i> caps. unequal, base strumose.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> St. rooting in all parts, leafy; l. spreading,\
nerve slightly excurrent; infl. monoicous; caps.\
strumose.

72. <sc>D. virens.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–3in. branched; l. erect
ovate-lanceolate at base, sheathing, running to a long sub-denticulate,
almost setaceous prolongation, margins recurved,
nerve thick sub-excurrent; caps. cernuous strumose smooth
oblong and curved; lid beaked.

Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>Wahlenbergii.</i> l. flexuose, much attenuated, above
narrower and longer, yellowish; caps. short,
with a very prominent struma.
.bn 049.png
.pn +1

γ. |<i>serratum.</i> stems taller; l. recurved from a
sheathing base, coarsely serrated.

δ. |<i>compactum.</i> st. shorter and slender; l. shorter
lanceolate from an ovate base, entire, or very
slightly toothed at apex; caps. gibbous on a
shorter pedicel.

ε. |<i>gracilescens.</i> l. narrower; caps. smaller.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. III.</sc> L. squarrose, or patent spreading.

73. <sc>D. pellucidum.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely tufted;
l. distant, lanceolate, margins undulate, denticulate, papillose
obtuse; caps. shortly ovate; lid conical rostrate; dioicous.

Wet stones in streams. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |fagimontanum. st. short, branches slender, l.
shorter.

γ.| serratum. l. crenato-serrate, with a more acute
point; caps. oval or oblong, lid with a slender
beak.
.dl-

74. <sc>D. crispum.</sc> Hedw. St. ¼in. gregarious, l. subulate
from a broadish sheathing base setaceous above, long,
spreading flexuose, minutely dentate, nerved to apex; caps.
almost erect, oval or obovate, striate; lid with a long
oblique subulate beak: monoicous.

Moist sandy banks, not common. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

75. <sc>D. Grevillianum.</sc> B. & S. L. with a broad
sheathing base, suddenly lanceolate-subulate prolonged, wide-spreading
and wavy, entire, nerve broad; caps. ovate,
sub-striate, strumose; lid with a beak longer than capsule:
monoicous.
.bn 050.png
.pn +1

“Glen Tilt, at foot of Ben-y-Gloe, 1823, not since found.”—Wils. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.pm blockbegin
[I have a specimen gathered by Dr. A. O. Black, marked “Esk-no-more.”]
.pm blockend

.sp 2

76. <sc>D. Schreberi.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. sub-cæspitose,
branched sparingly; l. base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate,
spreading flexuose keeled, denticulate at apex;
caps. ovate-oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous; lid conical,
shortly rostrate; dioicous.

Clayey or sandy soil near streams, rare. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

Lancashire, Cheshire, and near Glasgow.

.sp 2

77. <sc>D. squarrosum.</sc> Schrad. St. 1–3in. dichotomous;
l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base obtuse, undulate,
entire concave recurved, nerve narrow, reaching nearly to
apex; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid long conical, with a
short beak.

Wet mountainous places. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

78. <sc>D. cerviculatum.</sc> Hedw. St. ¼in. sparingly
branched; l. spreading flexuose, almost setaceous from a
broadish amplexicaul base, entire, nerved into the subula;
caps. roundish ovate gibbous, strumose; lid with a long
oblique or curved subulate beak.

Sandy banks or on turf, frequent. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>pusillum.</i> st. shorter, simple; l. smaller sub-erect;
caps. smaller and less gibbous.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. IV.</sc> L. secund or sub-secund.

79. <sc>D. varium.</sc> Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate,
entire keeled sub-denticulate at apex, margin reflexed,
.bn 051.png
.pn +1
nerve scarcely excurrent; caps. inclined, ovate or oblong,
slightly tumid; lid shortly beaked; seta twisted to the
right.

Moist banks. <pm right '<sc>XI. XIII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var., β. |<i>tenuifolium.</i> l. narrow, obscurely nerved.

γ. |<i>tenellum.</i> st. slender, scarcely branched; l.
falcato-secund, distantly denticulate.

δ. |<i>callistomum.</i> l. scarcely secund, caps. erect,
obovate truncated, lid almost as long as caps.
.dl-

.sp 2

80. “<sc>D. fallax.</sc> Wils. MS. Closely resembles the
last. L. more distant, with impressed wings and less elongated
setaceous points, and a more dilated flattened nerve,
uppermost sub-secund. Caps. nearly symmetric erect or
sub-cernuous, with a shorter conical lid: dioicous.” [Dr.
Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <sc>VIII.</sc>, 227.]

Banks. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

Anglesea (Wilson); Cotterall Wood (Hunt); Park Gate,
Cheshire (Miss Jelly).

.sp 2

81. <sc>D. rufescens.</sc> Turn. St. short bright red, scarcely
branched; l. linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish,
margins plane, secund, pellucid; caps. erect ovate or obovate,
slightly tumid, with a conical beaked lid. Seta twisted
to the left; dioicous.

Moist sandy banks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

82. <sc>D. subulatum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. l. falcato-secund,
setaceous from an oblong-lanceolate base, entire; caps.
ovate gibbous oblique striate when dry, seta red; dioicous.

Moist shady sandy banks; common on the mortar of
walls, &c. <pm right '<sc>IX. X.</sc>'>
.bn 052.png
.pn +1

.sp 2

83. <sc>D. curvatum.</sc> Hedw. Cæspitose; st. bi-tripartite;
l. setaceous from a shortly ovate semi-sheathing base,
channelled, apex denticulate, falcato-setaceous; caps. erect
or sub-erect, ovate-oblong, slightly gibbous, distinctly striate.
[Sch. Syn. p. 75. Bry. Eur. vol. I.]

Walls. <pm right 'Autumn and Spring.'>

Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson).

.sp 2

84. <sc>D. heteromallum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. simple or
branched, in silky tufts; l. lanceolate-setaceous, slightly
dentate at apex; caps. obovate gibbous, obliquely plicate
when dry; lid with a long beak, seta pale yellowish; dioicous.

Moist banks and walls. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var.  β. |<i>strictum.</i> l. erecto-patent, straight, not secund;
seta longer flexuose.

γ. |<i>interruptum.</i> larger; stem interrupted leafy; l.
spreading or secund.

δ. |<i>sericeum.</i> Schp. plants taller; l. diverging almost
on all sides, pale green or yellowish, often
strongly and remotely toothed. Soccoth Hill,
Arrochar (McKinlay).
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
<i>b.</i> (<sc>Eu-dicranum.</sc>)

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect.</sc> <sc>I. Falcatæ.</sc> Densely tufted, st. dichotomous\
and fastigiate, decumbent at base with few or no\
radicular fibres; l. lanceolate-subulate, secund\
or falcato-secund, nerve predominant above;\
caps. cernuous, neck strumose or ventricose, lid\
with a long beak: monoicous.

85. <sc>D. Starkii.</sc> Web. & M. St. 1–3in. branched; l.
subulate-setaceous from a lanceolate base, falcato-secund,
.bn 053.png
.pn +1
entire, nerve strongly predominant, caps. oblong arcuate,
gibbous, strumose, striate, sub-cernuous.

Alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var.  β. |<i>molle.</i> taller; l. wider lanceolate, purplish
brown; nerve not predominant.
.dl-

Summit of Ben Nevis.

.sp 2

86. <sc>D. falcatum.</sc> Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously
branched and fastigiate; l. strongly falcato-secund, from a
lanceolate base subulato-setaceous, denticulate at apex,
nerve predominant, caps. shortly obovate, strumose, almost
smooth when dry; lid large beaked.

Alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

87. <sc>D. Blyttii.</sc> Br. & S. St. branched fastigiate; l.
flexuoso-patent, or sub-secund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate,
soft, entire, nerve predominant, per. l. sheathing;
caps. sub-cernuous, ovate, incurved, without striæ, strumose,
lid rostrate; per. teeth narrow inflexed when dry.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> <sc>Orthocarpa.</sc> Densely cæspitose; st. 1\
or more inches high, dichotomous, with or\
without radicular fibres; l. secund, lanceolate-subulate,\
smooth glossy, nerve excurrent or\
nerveless. Caps. erect cylindrical; neck long\
symmetrical; lid conical at base.


.sp 2

88. <sc>D. glaciale.</sc> Berg. Monoicous, in wide tufts,
without radicular tomentum, erect, 2–5in. high, l. erecto-patent,
straight glossy, lowest minute lanceolate nerveless,
upper oblong at base, lanceolate-subulate, deeply concave,
.bn 054.png
.pn +1
margin inflexed entire, basal angles auricled, orange, nerve
narrow compressed; per. l. sheathing, suddenly narrowed
into a long subula; caps. cernuous, cylindraceous, more or
less incurved strumose, not striate; lid rostrate.

Alpine rocks; Ben Nevis, Clova, Ben-y-Gloe.

.nf r
[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. <sc>VIII.</sc>, 228.]
.nf-

.sp 2

89. <sc>D. viride.</sc> Sull. et Lesq. Dioicous, in dense
cushions, or cæspitose, reddish and tomentose at base,
above dark green; branches dichotomous; l. lineal-lanceolate
subulate, nerve running out in the concave awl; per. l.
sheathing; areolæ densely chlorophyllose, enlarged at base;
caps. erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak.

Trunks of trees: rarely on sandstone rocks.

fig. Schpr. Musci. Eur. novi, &c. fasc. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam).

.sp 2

90. <sc>D. Scottianum.</sc> Turn. St. 2 or 3in. robust; l.
erecto-patent, sub-secund incurved lanceolate-subulate,
slightly twisted at apex when dry, concave entire, nerve
strong excurrent; caps. elongated, slightly curved, tapering
at base, lid obliquely rostrate.

Rocks in mountainous districts. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

91. <sc>D. longifolium.</sc> Hedw. Cæspitose, tufts pale green
or whitish; stem arcuate or geniculate ascending, slightly
radiculose; l. long falcato-secund, rarely spreading, subulate
from a lanceolate base, with a slender nerve, margin and
back serrate at apex; per. l. convolute sheathing; caps.
elongate cylindrical, upright or sub-incurved, without striæ,
brown; beak subulate, annulus narrow: dioicous.

Sub-alpine rocks. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton).
.bn 055.png
.pn +1

92. <sc>D. circinnatum.</sc> Wils. Dioicous, in loose irregular
light green tufts; st. 3–6in. dichotomous, geniculate or
ascending, with radicles from base of leaves. L. very long,
secund, arcuate from an oblong sheathing base decurrent at
angles, longly subulate concave; nerve flattened, covering
one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is denticulate;
base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at margin.
[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 230.]

Fr. unknown.

Ben Voirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, Lennox Castle.

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. III.</sc> <sc>Scopariæ.</sc> St. loosely or densely matted,\
tall, with proliferous radicular fibres; l. long\
spreading or secund, lanceolate-subulate, glossy,\
denticulate at apex; nerve with or without\
dorsal lamellæ; caps. cernuous bent; lid with\
a long beak.

93. <sc>D. fuscescens.</sc> Turn. St. 2–3m. loosely tufted; l.
spreading, sub-secund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed
at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. oblong incurved, furrowed
when dry; lid with a very long beak.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

94. <sc>D. scoparium.</sc> Hedw. St. 2–4in. loosely tufted dichotomous;
l. secund or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins
inflexed, serrate at apex; nerve with about four prominent
ridges at back, serrate at apex; per. l. larger convolute;
caps. cylindrical, slightly curved; lid with a long beak.

Shady banks and rocks, common. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>orthophyllum.</i> stem erect; l. erecto-patent or
sub-secund straight.
.bn 056.png
.pn +1

γ. |<i>curvatum.</i> branches curved ascending, l. more
falcate; caps. shorter.
.dl-

.sp 2

95. <sc>D. majus.</sc> Turn. St. 4–6in. loosely cæspitose; l.
falcato-secund; concave dentato-serrate at apex; caps.
horizontally cernuous, curved, furrowed when dry; lid and
calyptra very long; fruit-stalks pale aggregate.

Shady banks, &c., in woods. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<sc>Sect. IV. Undulata.</sc> St. very tall, with radicular\
fibres; l. large glossy, spreading every way or\
secund, lanceolate below, linear-subulate above;\
nerve flattish, with lamellæ at back.

96. <sc>D. palustre.</sc> Brid. St. 3–4in. erect branched
sub-fastigiate; l. spreading, sub-secund, linear-lanceolate
undulated, terminal ones crowded into a cuspidate cluster on
the barren shoots; serrate at apex; nerve thin and narrow,
not reaching to apex, and without ridges; caps. sub-erect,
slightly curved, sub-cylindrical, striate.

Marshy places and moist banks. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>juniperifolium.</i> with shorter, wider, and more
rigid leaves.

γ. |<i>polycladum.</i> branches slender flagelliform; l.
small imbricate.
.dl-

.sp 2

97. <sc>D. Schraderi.</sc> Schwaeg. St. 3–6in.; l. sub-secund,
rather obtuse, carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed on
margin and keel, sub-papillose at back near apex; caps.
oval-oblong incurved; lid rostrate.

Turfy bogs, rare. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>
.bn 057.png
.pn +1

98. <sc>D. Spurium.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose;
l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, undulate serrate, papillose at
back; not nerved to apex; caps. sub-cylindrical arcuate,
slightly strumose, striate; lid with a long curved beak.

Moors and bogs. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
17. LEUCOBRYUM. <sc>Hampe.</sc>

99. <sc>L. glaucum.</sc> Hampe. St. 1–6in. or more, dichotomous
fragile, fastigiate; l. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate
base, erect, rather obtuse, and apiculate; caps, cernuous,
strumose, furrowed when dry.

Moist heaths, woods, rare in fr.

.sp 2
.h3
18. CERATODON. <sc>Brid.</sc>

100. <sc>C. purpureus.</sc> Brid, St. ¼–2in. cæspitose,
branched; l. oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve
excurrent; caps. elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular
when dry on a purplish red seta; lid conical.

Banks, &c., common. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

101. <sc>C. cylindricus.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼in. gregarious; l.
subulate from a dilated ovate amplexicaul base, flexuose,
minutely toothed above, nerve predominant; caps. cylindrical,
smooth, erect or slightly curved, on a pale slender seta; lid
conical.

Sandy banks, not common. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
19. DICRANODONTIUM. <sc>Br. & S.</sc>

102. <sc>D. longirostre.</sc> B. & S. St. 1–3in. blackish; l.
falcato-secund, subulato-setaceous from an ovate sheathing
base, denticulate above on predominant nerve; caps. elliptic-oblong,
smooth, on a thick curved or flexuose seta.

Mountainous woods, rare. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>
.bn 058.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h3
20. CAMPYLOPUS. <sc>Brid.</sc>
.ce
[The diagnoses of species are taken from Dr. Braithwaite’s Paper in\
Jour. of Bot. <sc>VIII.</sc>, pp. 386–393.]

.sp 2
.h4
<i>a.</i> Leaves hoary at point.

103. <sc>C. atrovirens.</sc> De Not. (<i>C. longipilus.</i> Brid.
pro parte: Wils. Bry. Brit.; et Schimp. Musc. Eur. Nov.)
Dense tufts 1–3in. high, above yellowish green, below
brownish, at base black. Stem erect, dichotomous, with few
radicles at base; l. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely
crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous,
channelled below, auricled; nerve excurrent into a
hoary hispid arista, channelled at back, one-third width of
leaf base; cells of auricles dilated, castaneous, central colorless,
above these sub-rectangular, uppermost oblongo-elliptic.
Fem. fl. 2. 3 at apex of innovations.

Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous districts.

E. S. & I.

.sp 2

104. <sc>C. brevipilus.</sc> B. & S. In dense broad tufts,
when dry glossy yellow green above, fuscescent below, ¾–1¼
in. high, almost free from radicles, fastigiate; l. erect densely
crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very concave, the
point denticulate at margin and back, not auricled; nerve
one-third width of leaf base excurrent into a short hair point;
per. l. wider sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin
recurved above base. Areolæ lax; basal cells quadrate,
above rhomboidal flexuose, marginal very narrow; fem. fl.
solitary.

Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran.

105. <sc>C. introflexus.</sc> Brid. (<i>C. longipilus.</i> Bry. Eur.
pro parte. <i>C. polytrichoides.</i> De Not. <i>D. ericetorum.</i> Mitt.)
.bn 059.png
.pn +1
Densely tufted, olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow green
with hoary tips; ¾–1½in. high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous;
l. imbricated, erecto-patent, lanceolate-subulate,
channelled; not auricled; wings but little incurved, comal
leaves broader lanceolate acuminate, lowest muticous, rest
prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista
shorter than the leaf. Nerve three-fourths width of limb,
lammelluligerous at back. Basal cells hyaline large and
empty, gradually becoming obliquely oval and minute, chlorophyllose,
a few fuscous alar cells in comal leaves; per. l.
oblong convolute, subulate at apex. Thecæ aggregated on
short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely
rostrate. Calyp. reaching middle of capsule, sparingly
fimbriate.

Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland,
Ireland.

.sp 2
.h4
<i>b.</i> Leaves unicolorous.
.sp 2
.h5
* auricled at base.

106. <sc>C. Shawii.</sc> Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow green
above, blackish brown below, 1–2in. high. Stems robust,
with numerous radicles. L. erecto-patent, straight, rigid,
from a somewhat contracted linear base, lanceolate, longly
subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their length;
margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute
denticulations. Nerve two-thirds width of base. Cells at
basal wings enlarged lax reddish brown, exterior rows
hyaline, above rectangular, and then rhomboido-elliptic.
Leaves falcate when growing in dry places.

Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw).

.sp 2

107. <sc>C. alpinus.</sc> Schpr. Densely cæspitose, 2–3in.
.bn 060.png
.pn +1
high, stem erect, dichotomous, with rufous radicles from
back of leaf base at base of innovations. L. rigid, fragile,
and deciduous, erect or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate,
becoming larger upwards and longly subulate, subtubular,
subula sharply or obsoletely serrate. Nerve half width of
base. Auricles very large decurrent, cells orange brown,
central hyaline, above laxer narrowly hexagono-rectangular,
and at last quadrate without chlorophyll, solid and yellowish.

Moist heaths and rocks. Wales and Scotland.

.sp 2

108. <sc>C. flexuosus.</sc> Brid. Tufts dense yellowish green.
Stems ½–1½in. high, erect dichotomous, with rufous purple
radicles to apex, bearing gemmæ intermixed. L. patent
straight or secund, sub-falcate, lower lanceolate upper
subulate, uppermost very long and toothed at apex all concave,
glossy, red when old. Nerve one-third width of base;
angles not decurrent, with short wide fuscous cells, others
hexagono-rectangular, upper quadrate and chlorophyllose;
per. l. nine; inner sheathing longly subulate, with a narrower
nerve, calyptra fuscous at apex. Caps. oval, regular, or
gibbous, short-necked olivaceous, with eight striæ, sulcate
when dry; lid conico-rostrate; annulus broad double.

Sub-alpine moist rocks and peaty soil. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

109. <sc>C. paradoxus.</sc> Wils. MS. Tufts ½–1in. high,
fastigiate, dull yellowish green above, pale brown below; st.
with short lateral ramuli, and few rufous radicles. L. erecto-patent
(erecto-appressed when dry) uppermost longest
slightly secund lanceolate-subulate, concave; apex usually of
two teeth, with a few irregular ones below on each side.
Nerve one-third width of base. Lamina extended to apex;
basal cells thin enlarged hyaline when young, afterwards
.bn 061.png
.pn +1
fuscous, above rectangular, in 14–16 longitudinal rows,
thickened and quadrate towards apex.

Peaty soil, Cheviots (barren), Boyd and Hardy, 1868.

.sp 2

110. <sc>C. setifolius.</sc> Wils. Tufts lax soft, bright or
yellowish green above, blackish below, without radicles. St.
5–10in. slender, erect, geniculate. L. distant erecto-patent
or sub-secund, glossy, from a lanceolate base gradually
running into a very long subula, sometimes half twisted;
uppermost with wings serrate. Nerve half width of base;
auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous,
partly hyaline, hexagonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper
rhombic chlorophyllose; fl. of each sex collected in capitula;
males 3–4, fem. numerous.

Wet places, and clefts of rocks. I. S.

.sp 2

111. <sc>C. Swartzii.</sc> Schpr. Tufts dense soft yellowish
green, brownish below, without radicles. St. 2–3in. slender;
l. erecto-patent, straight or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate,
upper lanceolate-subulate, entire at apex, base somewhat
sheathing, auricles hyaline inflated decurrent. Nerve two-thirds
of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex. Basal
areolæ narrow, auricular very lax hexagono-rectangular
hyaline, above sub-quadrate.

Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland.

.sp 2
.h5
* * L. not auricled.

.sp 2
.h6
§ St. radiculose.

112. <sc>C. fragilis.</sc> B. & S. Tufts pale green glossy, st.
½–2in. fragile. L. densely crowded erecto-patent rigid
incumbent when dry, lower lanceolate, upper extended into a
subula, toothed at apex, wings recurved above. Nerve very
.bn 062.png
.pn +1
broad. Basal areolæ lax pellucid narrow rectangular, above
minute quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps. solitary, bent
down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, contracted
below the mouth, lid conico-subulate oblique, red; calyp.
whitish, rufous at apex.

Sandstone rocks and moist heaths.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>densus.</i> (B. & S.) st. taller, l. shorter, with more
acute entire points and laxer cells.
.dl-

.sp 2

113. <sc>C. Schimperi.</sc> Milde. Tufts dense compact. St.
1–2in. slender light silky green above, fuscous below. L.
erecto-patent, appressed when dry, straight rigid, lanceolate-subulate,
channelled, denticulate only at apex. Nerve very
broad. Basal cells lax rectangular hyaline, very narrow at
margin, above elliptic.

Alpine hills. Scotland.

.sp 2

114. <sc>C. pyriformis.</sc> Brid. (<i>C. turfaceus.</i> B. & S.)
Tufts flat olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. ½–1in.
slender erect, radiculose only at base. L. less crowded,
gradually larger upwards, erecto-patent, lower lanceolate,
middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from a lanceolate base
setaceous. Nerve one-third base, thin channelled at back.
Areolæ resembling <i>C. flexuosus</i>, but thinner, hyaline at base
Fr. several from same apex; caps. ovate olivaceous, fulvous
when ripe, sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate; calyp. whitish, tip
brown.

Moist heaths and sides of ditches.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>Mulleri.</i> Juratzka. L. caducous, calyptra without
fringe.
.dl-
.bn 063.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h6
§ § St. very short, not radiculose.

115. <sc>C. brevifolius.</sc> Schpr. St. ½in. yellowish green,
with caducous ramuli. L. short rigid erect lanceolate,
longly acuminate, concave, obsoletely toothed at apex.
Nerve half base; basal areolæ hyaline lax rectangular,
gradually shorter and more quadrate, lower ones with their
transverse walls much thickened.

Dry and stony places. Scotland.

.sp 2
.h3
21. POTTIA. <sc>Ehrh.</sc>

116. <sc>P. pusilla.</sc> Hedw. (<i>P. cavifolia.</i> Ehr.) St. very
short and simple or branched; l. erecto-patent concave,
obovate or elliptical; caps. oval, on a short seta; lid
obliquely rostrate.

Banks and mud walls. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |stem short, l. somewhat acuminate, scarcely
piliferous.

γ. |<i>incana.</i> N. & H. l. with long hair-like points.
.dl-

.sp 2

117. <sc>P. minutula.</sc> B. & S. Very minute, l. carinate,
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, with recurved margins; caps.
small, ovate-truncate; lid flattish conical, not beaked.

Fallow fields. <pm right 'Winter and Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>rufescens.</i> l. narrower reddish.

γ. |<i>conica.</i> l. ovate-lanceolate, with a short mucro,
caps. narrower at mouth.
.dl-

.sp 2

118. <sc>P. truncatula.</sc> L. St.  ⅛in., l. spreading obovate-acuminate
or oblong-lanceolate, with a slightly excurrent
.bn 064.png
.pn +1
nerve; caps. obovate, truncate, with a wide mouth; lid
convex obliquely rostrate.

Fallow soil. <pm right '<sc>II. III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>major.</i> caps. oval-oblong, stem smaller.

γ. |<i>sub-cylindrica.</i> l. ovate-lanceolate; nerve much
excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical.
.dl-

.sp 2

119. <sc>P. crinita.</sc> Wils. St. ¼in. tufted; l. obovate-oblong
obtuse; nerve excurrent into a very long hair-like
point; caps. elliptic-oblong, scarcely contracted, calyp.
smooth.

Rocky and moist places.

.sp 2

120. <sc>P. Wilsoni.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼in. in tufts, l. ovate-oblong,
obtuse; nerve excurrent into a longish mucro;
caps. elliptic-oblong, contracted at mouth; lid shortly and
obliquely rostrate; calyp. rough at apex.

Sandy banks. <pm right '<sc>II.</sc>'>

.sp 2

121. <sc>P. littoralis.</sc> Mitt. (Jour. Bot. <sc>IX.</sc>, 4.) L.
oblong-spathulate obtuse or acute, lower pale, upper green,
nerve excurrent, longer in lower leaves; areolæ in upper
part of leaf small obscure, smooth, lower oblong pellucid;
caps. oblong-oval, mouth less than greatest diameter; lid
rostrate slightly twisted; male fl. bud-like.

Aldington, near Brighton, Hastings.

.sp 2

122. <sc>P. asperula.</sc> Mitt. (l. c.) L. obovate-spathulate,
acute, but not acuminate, nerve excurrent into a short point;
areolæ upper rounded rather obscure, each with several
elevated points, lower oblong smooth pellucid; caps. oval,
lid rostrate slightly twisted; antheridia naked in axils of
comal leaves.

Henfield, Sussex; Penzance (Curnow), Jersey (Piquet).
.bn 065.png
.pn +1

.sp 2

123. <sc>P. viridifolia.</sc> Mitt. (l. c.) (<i>P. pallida</i>, Braith.
Jour. Bot. <sc>VIII.</sc>, 255, non Lindberg.) L. obovate-spathulate
obtuse or slightly acute; nerve not very stout, excurrent
into a short point; margin recurved at middle; areolæ,
upper hexagonal or nearly square, obscure, with minute
protuberances, lower oblong hyaline smooth; caps. oblong
on a short seta; lid rostrate; antheridia in axils of comal
leaves.

Plymouth (Holmes).

.sp 2

124. <sc>P. Heimii.</sc> B. & S. St. ⅛–¼in. cæspitose, branched;
l. spreading, oblong-lanceolate, margin not recurved; caps.
obovate or oblong truncate, lid obliquely rostrate, adherent
to columella.

Moist banks near the sea. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
22. ANACALYPTA. <sc>Röhl.</sc>

125. <sc>A. Starkeana.</sc> N. & H. Minute, gregarious; l.
spreading ovate-lanceolate, entire, margin recurved; nerve
excurrent; caps. small oval brown; lid convexo-conical;
per. teeth obtuse perforate.

Banks and fields. <pm right '<sc>I. II.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>brachyodus.</i> caps. narrower; per. teeth very
short truncate.
.dl-

.sp 2

126. <sc>A. cæspitosa.</sc> Bruch. Minute cæspitose; l.
oblong-lanceolate or ovate, concave, plane, nerve excurrent;
caps. ovate yellowish brown, lid with a long beak; per.
teeth perforate.

Woolsonbury Hill, Sussex (chalk). <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

127. <sc>A. lanceolata.</sc> <sc>Röhl.</sc> St. ¼–½in. cæspitose; l.
.bn 066.png
.pn +1
spreading ovate-lanceolate acute, margin recurved, entire;
nerve excurrent into a longish mucro; caps. ovate; lid
conical obliquely rostrate; per. teeth very variable, rather
long, with a medial line.

Moist limestone banks, walls, &c. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

128. <sc>A. latifolia.</sc> N. & H. St. short, gregarious,
bulb-like; l. imbricate, broadly roundish ovate, pointed or
obtuse, concave, nerve ceasing below apex: caps. oval-oblong,
lid long, rostrate.

Alpine rocks, in crevices. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>pilifera.</i> l. with hair-like points.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
[23. DESMATODON. <sc>Brid.</sc>—<i>Vide</i> “<sc>Tortula</sc>.”]

.sp 2
.h3
24. DISTICHIUM. B. & S.

129. <sc>D. capillaceum.</sc> B. & S. St. 1–2in. cæspitose; l.
subulate-setaceous, spreading; caps. erect, ovate-oblong or
almost cylindrical, reddish brown; per. teeth, narrow,
articulate, bi- or tri-fid.

Scotch and Welsh mountains. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

130. <sc>D. inclinatum.</sc> B. & S. St. shorter than last, and
less cæspitose; leaves same, per. l. 1, 2, or 3 together; caps.
oval, olive-brown, inclined or cernuous; per. teeth larger
lanceolate, articulate, entire or perforate, bi-trifid.

Irish and Scotch mountains. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>tenue.</i> smaller in all its parts.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
25. DIDYMODON. <sc>Br. & S.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
1. Monoicous.

131. <sc>D. rubellus.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose, lower
.bn 067.png
.pn +1
leaves reddish, upper dull green, all oblong-lanceolate,
spreading, margin recurved, keeled, nerved nearly to apex;
caps. pale brown, cylindrical; lid with a short oblique beak;
antheridia naked in axils of per. l.

Shady walls, rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>

.sp 2

132. <sc>D. Jenneri.</sc> Schp. St. 1–1½in. cæspitose, brownish
black below; br. fastigiate; l. spreading cirrhate linear-lanceolate
concave, keeled, serrate, nerved to apex; areolæ
minute rectangular transparent at base; caps. oval-oblong,
slightly drooping, lid with a short obtuse beak.

Ross-shire (Jenner and Howie). [Referred by Wilson,
and others, to <i>Cynodontium polycarpon</i>.]

.sp 2
.h4
2. Dioicous.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> L. lanceolate, rigid.

133. <sc>D. luridus.</sc> Hornsch. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose; l.,
lower ovate-lanceolate, upper larger and broader, with entire
recurved margins, keeled, acute, nerved (reddish) almost or
quite to apex, areolæ small roundish; caps. symmetrical
oblong on a shortish seta twisted to the right; lid conical
pointed; per. teeth small irregular.

Limestone walls, &c., rare. <pm right '<sc>XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> L. narrow, not rigid.

134. <sc>D. cylindricus.</sc> B. & S. ¼–1in.; l. spreading
flexuose, linear-lanceolate, margin undulate and minutely
crenulate; areolæ small opaque, gradually enlarged towards
the base, there diaphanous; caps. erect, narrow, cylindrical;
lid long conico-rostrate, per. teeth linear-lanceolate, fugacious.

Damp shady rocks. E. S. & I. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>
.bn 068.png
.pn +1

.sp 2

135. <sc>D. flexifolius.</sc> Hook. & Tayl. Barren stems long
trailing, fertile ½in; l. spreading, flexuose, more so when
dry, oblong or ligulate, margin reflexed below, and serrate at
apex, nerve not reaching apex; areolæ round; caps. small
cylindrical, somewhat curved, lid with a short beak; per.
teeth short.

High moorlands, Buxton, Alderley Edge, Ben Ledi. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=17 align=r
var. <i>gemmescens.</i> |Mitt. MS. Nerve excurrent into an
apiculus, which bears a cluster of egg-shaped
or oblong gemmæ.
.dl-

Old thatch, Amberley, Sussex (Mitten).

.sp 2

136. <sc>D. recurvifolius.</sc> Tayl. “Stems elongate, loosely
cæspitose; l. squarrose, crisped and undulate when dry;
elliptic-oblong or ligulate, pale margined serrulate, nerve
sub-excurrent; areolæ small dense opaque, elongate and
pellucid at base.” Ireland, 1842; fruit not known (Wilson).

.sp 2
.h3
26. TRICHOSTOMUM. <sc>Br. & S.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> L. lanceolate or ligulate: dioicous.

137. <sc>T. tophaceum.</sc> Brid. St. ¼–1in. densely cæspitose,
branches fasciculate; l. lanceolate (the upper ones obtuse),
concave keeled, margins recurved; nerve not reaching to
apex; caps. sub-cylindrical erect, regular; lid with an
oblique beak; per. teeth variable, sometimes only 16, somewhat
fugacious.

Moist places and rocks. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

138. <sc>T. brachydontium.</sc> Bruch. (<i>T. mutabile.</i> olim.)
.bn 069.png
.pn +1
L. broader, lanceolate or ligulate, crisped, not cucullate,
margin slightly undulate, nerve excurrent into a prominent
mucro; caps. ovate-oblong erect, regular; lid obliquely
rostrate; per. teeth very short and irregular.

.sp 2

139. <sc>T. crispulum.</sc> Bruch. St. ¼–1in., l. lower lanceolate,
distant; upper crowded, longer, linear-lanceolate
concave cucullate at apex, crisped when dry; nerve prolonged
into a short mucro; caps. oval, erect, regular; lid
with an oblique beak; perist. t. in unequal pairs.

Limestone rocks near the sea; Ormes Head; Anglesea;
Bristol. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>brevifolium.</i> l. shorter, lanceolate, acuminate,
caps. smaller.

γ. |<i>angustifolium.</i> l. narrowly linear-lanceolate
crowded, apiculate.
.dl-

.sp 2

140. <sc>T. flavo-virens.</sc> Bruch. Müller. St. short, with
innovations from summit (interruptedly comose); l. oblong-ligulate,
obtuse mucronate, margins entire undulate incurved;
fruit-stalk red, slightly flexuose; thick nerve prolonged into
a short mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical pale yellowish
brown, with a red mouth; per. t. elongate, regular, in pairs.
Lid acuminate, half as long as caps. with an oblique beak.

Shoreham, Sussex; Plymouth (Holmes), Malahide (Dr.
Moore). [W. Mitten. Jour. Bot., <sc>VI.</sc>, p. 97.]

.sp 2

141. <sc>T. littorale.</sc> Mitten. St. elongate, tufted, more or
less interruptedly comose; l. erecto-patent, oblong-ligulate
obtuse, channelled, recurved towards apex, with nerve excurrent
.bn 070.png
.pn +1
into a short mucro; basal cells hyaline oblong and
rectangular.

Ireland; Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Hastings, (loc. cit.
p. 99.)

.sp 2

142. <sc>T. (Ditrichum) tenue.</sc> Hedw. Dwarf, branched.
L. from an erect base, patent or secund, narrowly lanceolate,
uppermost lanceolate-subulate; per. l. sheathing half their
length, quite entire; caps. oblong erect or a little curved, lid
conic rostrate.

Carn Lochan and Mael Girdy, 1863 (Crombie); Clova
(Fergusson). <pm right '[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. <sc>VIII.</sc> 228.]'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
β. |<i>glaciale.</i> in long broad tufts with broader erecto-patent
leaves. (This is <i>Ditrichum zonatum</i>
Lorenz.)
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> L. subulate from a lanceolate base.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>A. dioicous.</i>

143. <sc>T. tortile.</sc> Schrad. St. ¼in. gregarious, sub-flexuose;
l. mostly secund, somewhat falcate, margin
reflexed, nerve excurrent into the slightly toothed apex;
caps. small cylindrical, erect, regular or curved; lid conical,
slightly rostrate; per. teeth irregular, purplish red.

Sandy places, rare; Belfast, Yorkshire, Sussex. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

144. <sc>T. flexicaule.</sc> Br. & S. St. 1–3in. flexuose,
cæspitose, with fastigiate branches; l. longer and more
setaceous than in last, flexuose, concave, usually secund,
nerve broad, excurrent, toothed at apex; caps. erect, small,
ovate-oblong; annulus present; per. teeth long irregular.

Scotch and Derbyshire mountains (calcareous). <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>densum.</i> densely cæspitose; l. straighter.
.dl-
.bn 071.png
.pn +1

.sp 2

145. <sc>T. homomallum.</sc> B. & S. St. scarcely ½in. cæspitose;
l. subulato-setaceous from a broadish base, mostly
secund, nerve broad, much excurrent; caps. erect oblong-ovate,
brown on a long red seta; annulus present; lid short
conical obtuse; basilar membrane of perist. very narrow.

Sandy banks. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.sp 2
.h5
B. <i>monoicous.</i>

146. <sc>T. subulatum.</sc> Bruch. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l.
subulato-setaceous from an ovate base, spreading or somewhat
secund, with a long excurrent nerve; caps. oval, lid
large obliquely rostellate; seta somewhat flexuose; annulus
none; basilar membrane very narrow; antheridia axillary
naked.

Cornwall (Rev.—Tozer). <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

147. <sc>T. glaucescens.</sc> Hedw. St. ½in., branches fastigiate;
l. glaucous, linear-lanceolate, margin plane (upper
crowded into a tuft or coma), nerve sometimes excurrent into
the denticulate apex; caps. oblong-oval, pale brown, with a
long beaked lid; basilar membrane very narrow; barren fl.
gemmiform.

Scotch mountains. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2
.h3
27. TORTULA. <sc>Schreb.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I.</sc> <sc>Aloidella.</sc> L. rigid, covered on the upper\
side with articulated cellular filaments or gemmæ\
arising from the broad nerve.

148. <sc>T. stellata.</sc> Schreb. 1771. (<i>T. rigida.</i> Schultz,)
St. minute, loosely cæspitose; l. spreading from an upright
.bn 072.png
.pn +1
base oblong obtuse, margin inflexed membranaceous; caps.
erect elliptical; lid with a long oblique beak; calyp. half as
large as capsule; per. teeth long, and much twisted;
dioicous.

Limestone walls. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

149. <sc>T. ambigua.</sc> Br. & S. (larger in all its parts than
last.) L. ligulate lanceolate, apex cucullate, margin incurved;
caps. erect cylindrical; lid rostrate; calyp. very
short; per. teeth filiform, little twisted; arcuato-incurved
when dry: dioicous.

Walls and banks (marly). <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

150. <sc>T. aloides.</sc> Br. & S. St. as above; l. spreading,
narrowly lanceolate, acute, with a strong nerve; caps.
cylindrical inclined; lid conical, bluntly rostrate; per.
teeth scarcely twisted, when dry widely spreading: dioicous.

Clay banks. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II.</sc> <sc>Cuneifoliæ.</sc> L. broadly or spathulato-lanceolate.

151. <sc>T. lamellata.</sc> Lindb. (<i>Pottia cavifolia</i> var. <i>gracilis</i>.
Bry. Brit.) St. very short cæspitose; l. rather lax erecto-patent,
concave, lower smaller, roundish oval, piliferous,
upper larger oval spathulate, nerve excurrent into mucro;
caps. oblong sub-cylindrical, striate when dry, on a long red
seta; lid with a long rather oblique beak; perist. that of a
true <i>Tortula</i>, but so fragile as to have escaped notice, and
always falling off with the operculum according to Dr.
Schimper; monoicous.

Banks and walls, Oxford (Boswell), Pontefract, Edinburgh
(Nowell); Aldrington (Davies). <pm right '<sc>II.</sc>'>
.bn 073.png
.pn +1

152. <sc>T. atrovirens.</sc> Smith. Lindb. [<i>Didymodon nervosus</i>,
Hook. & T. <i>Desmatodon nervosus</i>, Bry. Brit.] St. ¼in.
densely cæspitose, branched; l. spreading oval or oblong
concave, margins revolute, nerve thick, prolonged into a
short mucro; areolæ small roundish larger and diaphanous
at base; caps. oval-oblong, lid large conical with an oblique
beak.

Dry banks, &c., near the sea.

.sp 2

153. <sc>T. cuneifolia.</sc> Dicks. Gregarious; st. simple; l.
upper crowded oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, nerve sometimes
excurrent, soft, pellucid, areolæ loose; lower broadly ovate
aristate; caps. oblong erect, lid obtuse short; basilar membrane
of perist. broadish: monoicous.

Banks, sea coast, rare. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

154. <sc>T. marginata.</sc> B. & S. St. simple gregarious or
cæspitose; l. oblong-lanceolate or linear, margin thickened,
nerve sometimes excurrent into a mucro; caps. oblong, lid
very large, shortly rostrate; basilar membrane narrow.

Sandstone walls, rare. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

155. <sc>T. Vahliana.</sc> Schultz. Small, gregarious or
cæspitose; l. lower oblong, upper oblong wedge-shaped,
nerve excurrent subulate, margin reflexed; caps. narrow
elongate cylindrical, brown, sometimes slightly incurved;
lid shortly subulate, annulus broad; basilar membrane of
perist. tesselate: monoicous. Differs from <i>muralis</i> in its
broader softer leaves, narrower capsule, and longer basilar
tube.

Damp clayey ground, on road sides, &c. <pm right 'Spring.'>

Sussex, 1863 (G. Davies); Woking, Surrey (Sheppard
and Westell.)
.bn 074.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>subflaccida.</i> (<i>T. oblongifolia</i>, Bry. Brit.) L. with
margins more or less revolute, crenulate, with
minute papillæ.
.dl-

.sp 2

156. <sc>T. canescens.</sc> Br. Simple gregarious or cæspitose,
hoary; l. lower obovate, upper oval-oblong, all concave,
with a recurved margin, and nerve excurrent into a long
hair-like point; caps. small oblong erect, with a long oblique
conical lid; basilar membrane broadish: monoicous.

Fairlight Glen, Hastings. (Mr. Jenner).

.sp 2

157. <sc>T. muralis.</sc> Timm. Short, cæspitose; l. oblong
obtuse, margin recurved, nerve excurrent into a long hair-like
point; caps. oblong erect, with a long rostellate lid;
basilar membrane narrow: monoicous.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>incana.</i> caps. small; l. oval-lanceolate, with
long hair points.

γ. |<i>æstiva.</i> l. long linear-lanceolate, nerve scarcely
excurrent.

δ. |<i>rupestris.</i> larger and much branched; l. larger
oblong, piliferous, caps. longer, curved.
.dl-

Walls and stones (δ limestone). <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. III. Barbula.</sc> L. naked, narrowly or ovate-lanceolate,\
in some species slightly cirrhate\
when dry.

158. <sc>T. mucronata.</sc> Brid. [<i>Cinclidotus riparius</i> β.
<i>terrestris</i>. Bry. Brit.] St. 1–2in. radiculose, branches
fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, long lingulate, concave, minutely
papillose on both sides, margin slightly recurved, nerve thick
.bn 075.png
.pn +1
excurrent into a mucro; areolæ upper minute, rectangular
and hyaline at base; caps. erect cylindrical incurved, lid
with an oblique beak: dioicous.

Stones in streams. Anglesea, Bristol, Surrey, Sussex, in
fr. (Davies.) <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

159. <sc>T. unguiculata.</sc> Hedw. St. ⅛–1in. cæspitose,
dichotomous; l. oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, margin recurved,
nerve excurrent into a short mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical
erect on a long reddish seta; lid with a subulate beak:
dioicous.

Clay banks and hedges. <pm right '<sc>XII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>cuspidata.</i> stems shorter, l. narrower, with a
longer mucro.

γ. |<i>apiculata.</i> l. spreading recurved, mucro long.

δ. |<i>microcarpa.</i> caps. small oval or oval-oblong.

ε. |<i>obtusifolia.</i> more robust, l. shorter, broader
obtuse, mucro almost or altogether absent;
caps. sub-cylindrical.

ζ. |<i>fastigiata.</i> with long fastigiate innovations; l.
larger, slightly undulate.
.dl-

.sp 2

160. <sc>T. convoluta.</sc> Hedw. Cæspitose; l. spreading
oblong-lanceolate, plane or somewhat undulate in margin,
nerve not excurrent; per. l. strongly convolute, sheathing;
caps. inclined oblong-ovate, on a yellowish seta; lid with a
long oblique beak: dioicous.

Walls, &c. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

161. <sc>T. revoluta.</sc> Schwaeg. Densely cæspitose, l. crowded
erecto-patent oblong-lanceolate, nerve excurrent from the
.bn 076.png
.pn +1
blunt apex, margin strongly revolute; caps. reddish brown
oval-oblong, with a scarcely oblique lid; seta red: dioicous.

Walls, mostly limestone. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

162. <sc>T. Hornschuchiana.</sc> Schultz. Loosely cæspitose,
l. crowded, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to
an acute point, formed by slightly excurrent nerve, margins
slightly revolute; caps. oblong slightly curved, annulus
narrow: dioicous.

Rocks, walls, and banks, not common. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

163. <sc>T. vinealis.</sc> Brid. St. more tufted than in <i>T.
fallax</i>; l. strictly patent with a stouter nerve, which is
obscure towards the acute apex; the latter usually tipped
with a pointed hyaline cell; appressed when dry, not crisped
or contorted; caps. sub-cylindrical: dioicous. (W. Mitten,
in Jour. Bot. v. 324.)

Walls. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

164. <sc>T. insulana.</sc> De Not. (<i>T. vinealis</i> β. <i>flaccida</i>.
Bryol. Brit. 124.) St. loosely cæspitose; l. linear-subulate
from a lanceolate appressed base, recurved or hooked,
obliquely patent, acute, margin recurved below, above plane,
nerve excurrent; contorted when dry; caps. oblong erect;
lid conical attenuate, somewhat obtuse, half as long as
capsule: rare in fruit. (loc. cit. 328.)

England and Ireland.

.sp 2

* [<sc>T. gracilis.</sc> Schw. Stem cæspitose, branches fastigiate;
“l. erecto-patent, imbricated when dry, carinato-concave,
margin recurved, nerve excurrent; per. l. larger,
sheathing subulate, and flexuose at apex; caps. ovate-oblong
or ovate; perist. scarcely contorted, with a broadish basilar
.bn 077.png
.pn +1
membrane.”—Wils. Bryol. Brit. p. 123. Inserted from
Wilson, but has not yet been certainly found in Britain.]

.nf r
Spring.
.nf-

.sp 2

165. <sc>T. rigidula.</sc> Hedw. (<i>Trichost. rigidulum</i>, var. β.
<i>densum</i>. Bryol. Brit. 114.) l. lanceolate carinate, rigid,
bristly, not appressed and imbricate, when dry slightly curved
and loosely contorted; nerve stout continued into a thick
obscure point, not really excurrent; fruit similar to No. 164.
(loc. cit. 327.)

Scotland, York, Sussex, and Cornwall.

.sp 2

166. <sc>T. spadicea.</sc> Mitt. (<i>Trichostomum rigidulum.</i>
Bryol. Brit., p. 114.) St. robust 1–2in.; l. patent from the
base, lanceolate-subulate, canaliculate, margin recurved
below; incurved and closely imbricate when dry; nerve percurrent
and distinct to apex; per. l. lower half erect broadly
ovate, upper narrow, recurved; caps. erect cylindrical on a
red seta; lid shortly subulate, twisted; teeth narrow, on a
short membrane: dioicous. (loc. cit., p. 326.)

Rocks and stones near water. Scotland, Ireland, Bolton
Abbey. <pm right 'Autumn, Winter.'>

.sp 2

167. <sc>T. fallax.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate
from a broadish base, keeled, margin recurved, somewhat
squarrose, gradually tapering and nerved to apex; per. l.
sheathing; caps. variable both in size and shape, usually sub-cylindrical,
with an obtuse rostrate lid often as long as itself:
dioicous.

Clay and limestone banks. <sc>XI. XII.</sc>

.sp 2

168. <sc>T. reflexa.</sc> Brid. [<i>T. fallax.</i> δ. Bry. Brit.] St.
loosely cæspitose; l. tristichous, recurved and falcate, slightly
.bn 078.png
.pn +1
twisted, from an oblong base lanceolate, keeled, strongly
papillose on both sides, margin reflexed below, nerve
vanishing below apex; caps. erect cylindrical regular; lid
subulate beaked: dioicous.

.sp 2

Calcareous rocks and walls, rare in fr.

Scotland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire; Rydal Water (Baker).
[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. of Bot. <sc>IX.</sc>, 293.]

.sp 2

169. <sc>T. rufa.</sc> (Lorenz). Braithwaite. “St. 2–5in. often
prostrate at base, sparingly dichotomous, dense leaved. L.
recurved when moist, solid from an ovate base lanceolate,
gradually apiculate, margin strongly recurved, nerve vanishing
just below apex; cells at base rhomboid pellucid, at apex
minute quadrate papillose. Reported from Ben Lawers by
Dr. Stirton, but I have not seen British specimens.”—[Dr.
Braithwaite, l. c. 293.]

.sp 2

170. <sc>T. recurvifolia.</sc> Mitt. (<i>T. gigantea</i>, Lindb.).
“In large fuscous green tufts, blackish brown at base.
St. 3–8in. simple or bi-tripartite, robust dense leaved, with
a few radicles. L. trifarious squarroso-recurved, when dry
twisted and crisped, elongate lanceolate concave, margin
strongly revolute, nerve strong, reaching apex; basal cells
elongate with sinuous walls, above irregularly stellate.”
(l. c. 293.)

Dripping alpine rocks. Ben Bulben, Sligo (Moore).

Buxton in fruit, June, 1865. G. E. Hunt.

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. IV. Syntrichia.</sc> Lower portion of peristome\
forming a long tube.

171. <sc>T. princeps.</sc> De Not. (<i>T. Mulleri.</i> B. & S.) St.
1–2in., cæspitose, with brownish radicles; l. erecto-patent,
.bn 079.png
.pn +1
oblong broad, concave, fawn-coloured, margin reflexed;
nerve excurrent into a short scabrous hair point from a
rounded obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, straight or curved
on a purplish seta; one-half perist. tubular: synoicous.

Rocks, Scotland. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

172. <sc>T. ruralis.</sc> Hedw. Cæspitose, branches dichotomous;
l. squarrose, recurved ovate-oblong keeled, nerve
excurrent into a long scabrous hair point from the acute
apex, margin slightly recurved; caps. sub-cylindrical
slightly curved; quite one-half perist. tubular; lid long
conical: dioicous.

Walls and roofs. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

173. <sc>T. lævipila.</sc> Brid. Cæspitose; l. spreading
obovate-oblong or almost panduriform, margin slightly
recurved below, nerve reddish, excurrent into a longish
white hair point from the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical,
slightly curved, lid conical; one-third perist. tubular:
monoicous.

Trunks of trees and rocks. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

174. <sc>T. intermedia.</sc> Brid. (<i>T. ruralis</i> β <i>minor</i>, Wils.
Bry. Brit.) Smaller and densely cæspitose or sub-pulvinate;
l. erecto-patent, oblong spathulate apex obtuse, nerve excurrent
into a long scabrous hair point; caps. shorter than in
172: dioicous.

Limestone walls, Scotland and N. Wales. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

175. <sc>T. papillosa.</sc> Wils. Cæspitose; l. spreading
obovate concave, margin plane (involute when dry), nerve
thick papillose on the back, and excurrent into a smooth hair
.bn 080.png
.pn +1
point from suddenly tapering apex; a few hyaline cells at
base: fr. not known.

Wales, Sussex, and Hampshire.

.sp 2

176. <sc>T. latifolia.</sc> B. & S. L. obovate-spathulate or
almost panduriform, soft and flaccid, with a scarcely excurrent
nerve, notched at the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical
slightly curved, with a long rostrate lid; quite one-third of
perist. tubular; annulus small: dioicous.

Roots of trees, stones, &c.; fruit rare. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

177. <sc>T. subulata.</sc> Brid. Cæspitose, simple or branched;
l. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed and pellucid at base, margin
plane, sometimes with a row of larger cells, nerve excurrent
into a short mucro, apex sometimes slightly toothed; caps.
very long cylindrical curved with a short lid; half peristome
tubular: monoicous.

Sandy hedge banks, walls, &c. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. V. Tortuosæ.</sc> L. strongly twisted and cirrhate\
when dry.

178. <sc>T. tortuosa.</sc> W. & M. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. very
long linear-lanceolate, crowded flexuose, margin plane and
undulated, with an excurrent nerve; per. l. narrow and
tapering cirrhate; caps. straight or incurved, erect or
inclined, ovate-oblong, on a longish seta: dioicous.

Limestone rocks, Derbyshire. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

179. <sc>T. Hibernica.</sc> Mitt. St. 2in. branched; l. at
apices of branches sub-comose and stellate; base dilated and
clasping above, thence patent or patenti-divergent, straight,
rarely incurved or recurved, channelled, cirrhate when dry;
.bn 081.png
.pn +1
ovate-lanceolate below, thence lineal-subulate, acute, nerve
yellow continued to apex. (loc. cit. p. 329.)

Mountains near Dunkerran, common, but always sterile.
(Dr. Taylor.)

.sp 2

180. <sc>T. nitida.</sc> Lindb. 1864. (<i>Trichost. diffractum</i>,
Mitt. 1868.) Dioicous, densely pulvinate: stem rigid
branched; l. crowded erecto-patent, arcuate when dry, more
or less elongate, oblong, obtuse, channelled, margin plane
slightly undulate, nerve terete prominent on back, excurrent;
areolation minute, loose and cuneiform at base; fr. not
known. (l. c. <sc>IX.</sc>, 294.)

Clifton, Torquay, Plymouth.

.sp 2

181. <sc>T. sinuosa.</sc> Mitt. Jour. of Bot. <sc>V.</sc>, 327. (<i>Dicranella</i>,
Wils. MS.; <i>Trichostomum</i>, Lindb.) Densely cæspitose,
fuscous below, l. long linear-lanceolate or subulate patent
from a very short pellucid base, margin slightly recurved
below, above denticulate, nerve continued into a thick obscure
blunt point, often broken off; basilar cells all oblong and
rectangular; fr. not known.

Shady places at roots of trees, Sussex, Cornwall, Bangor.

.sp 2

182. <sc>T. fragilis.</sc> Wils. (<i>Trichostomum</i>, Müll. Syn.)
Stem erect simple or dichotomously branched, radiculose
tomentose at base; l. crowded lanceolate-subulate, nerve
excurrent, margins plane; areolæ minute, large and hyaline
at base; caps. erect, ovate-oblong, regular or slightly
incurved; lid conical with a long oblique beak; fruit rare.
(l. c. <sc>IX.</sc>, 294.)

Clefts of rocks and on the ground. Ben Lawers.

.nf r
Summer.
.nf-
.bn 082.png
.pn +1

183. <sc>T. squarrosa.</sc> De Not. St. 1in. cæspitose; l.
squarrose, lanceolate, recurved, with a broad sheathing base,
margin undulate, with large diaphanous cells, somewhat
serrulate at apex; nerve scarcely excurrent; capsule sub-cylindrical,
narrow, slightly curved; lid conical, half as long
as capsule; seta 1in. long: dioicous.

Chalk. Ireland and S. of England; fr. not known in
this country.

.sp 2
.h3
28. CINCLIDOTUS. B. & S.

[<sc>C. riparius.</sc> Walker Arnott. Acrocarpous; branches
fasciculate; “l. spreading oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with
thickened margins, very shortly mucronate, nerve excurrent;
caps. exserted on a short thick pedicel, elliptic-oblong; lid
obliquely conico-rostrate; perist. with numerous subdivisions.”]
Bry. Brit. 138.

Not found in Britain, but <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>terrestris</i> has been frequently found, and is now
referred to <i>Tortula mucronata</i>, to which refer.
.dl-

.sp 2

184. <sc>C. fontinaloides.</sc> P. Beauv. Cladocarpous; st. 2–5in.,
in long straggling tufts, generally floating; l. crowded,
spreading, flexuose, lanceolate, acute, with a thickened
margin and strong excurrent nerve; per. l. larger sheathing
ovate-lanceolate, thinner; cap. immersed, with a conical
beaked lid; calyp. persistent, thick, split on one side.

Stones in rivulets, &c. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
29. ENCALYPTA. Schreb.

.sp 2
.h4
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

.sp 2
.h5
1. Peristome wanting.

185. <sc>E. commutata.</sc> N. & H. Stems about 1in.
.bn 083.png
.pn +1
branched radiculose; l. squarrose, from an erect ovate base
lanceolate, concave, acute, nerve excurrent; caps. smooth
cylindrical, with a long beaked lid; calyp. jagged but not
fringed at base.

Alpine summits. Scotland. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
2. Peristome single.

186. <sc>E. vulgaris.</sc> Hedw. St. about ½in. branched,
radiculose; l. spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, acute or
obtuse, nerve sometimes excurrent; margin plane; caps.
smooth cylindrical; base of calyptra entire; perist. very
fugacious.

Limestone walls, rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |perist. none, leaves apiculate (common).

γ. |perist. none, l. obtuse and concave at apex.

δ. |perist. none, l. obtuse; caps. oblique.

ε. |perist. none, l. piliferous.
.dl-

.sp 2

187. <sc>E. ciliata.</sc> Hedw. St. about ½in. radiculose; l.
oblong-ovate, margin recurved below, and toothed near apex;
gradually tapering to a point formed by the excurrent nerve,
undulate; caps. cylindrical, smooth; perist. persistent;
calyptra fringed at base.

Sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

188. <sc>E. rhabdocarpa.</sc> Schw. St. ½–1in. radiculose; l.
spreading, erect and crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate,
nerve generally more or less excurrent into a mucro, margins
plane; caps. oblong-cylindrical, striate, ribbed when dry;
perist. persistent; calyp. slightly toothed at base, and
roughish at apex.

Mountains in Scotland and Ireland. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>
.bn 084.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>b.</i> Dioicous: perist. double.

189. <sc>E. streptocarpa.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–2in. radiculose;
l. sub-erect, ligulate, obtuse and cucullate at apex, nerve not
excurrent; per. l. lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base;
caps. oblong narrowed above, spirally striate, and twisted
when dry; perist. outer teeth filiform, inner cilia; calyp.
toothed or fringed at base, and roughened at apex.

Limestone and mortared walls; rare in fr. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
30. HEDWIGIA. Ehr.

190. <sc>H. ciliata.</sc> Hedw. Monoicous; dichotomously
branched, rooting at base only; l. crowded, spreading,
sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margin recurved
below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt point and
strongly toothed on each side; per. l. with apex laciniate;
caps. immersed globose; lid convex with a short beak;
calyp. conical, sometimes hairy.

Rocks in mountainous districts. N. Wales, Arthur’s
Seat, &c. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

Bry. Brit, gives as varieties—

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
β. |<i>leucophæa.</i> l. more crowded and spreading, wider
and with longer diaphanous points.

γ. |<i>secunda.</i> procumbent slender; l. more distant,
secund, sub-muticous.

δ. |<i>viridis.</i> l. scarcely secund; spreading, deep
green, scarcely diaphanous at apex.

ε. |<i>striata.</i> l. plicate much recurved; lid conical.
.dl-
.bn 085.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h3
31. HEDWIGIDIUM. B. & S.

191. <sc>H. imberbe.</sc> B. & S. St. 1–3in. irregularly, not
dichotomously branched, flagelliferous; l. ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, imbricate when dry, margin recurved, apex not
diaphanous, but slightly crenate; caps. exserted on a short
seta, spherical or obovate; lid with a blunt slightly oblique
beak; calyptra cucullate, reddish.

Rocks. Wales and Ireland. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
32. GRIMMIA. <sc>Ehr.</sc> B. & S.

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I. Schistidium.</sc> Caps. smooth, immersed on a\
very short straight seta, calyptra small, cleft at\
base into several lobes.

192. <sc>G. confertum.</sc> B. & S. Cæspitose; intense green
above, blackish below; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in the
upper ones to a short hair point; margins slightly recurved
and thickened, nerve strong, deeply channelled on its upper
side; caps. small ovate, with a rostellate lid, almost pellucid;
per. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red.

Rocks, Scotland. <pm right '<sc>II. III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
β. |<i>urceolare.</i> caps. urceolate; leaves with white
points.

γ. |<i>obtusifolium.</i> l. all obtuse, shorter and broader.

δ. |<i>incana.</i> (<i>G. pruinosa.</i> Wils. MS.) more robust,
per. l. broader with long hair points; caps.
more elongate, per. teeth stronger, nearly
entire red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot.,
N. S., vol. I., 195.] Trap rocks. King’s Park
(Greville); Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (Bell);
Fife (Howie).
.dl-
.bn 086.png
.pn +1

193. <sc>G. apocarpum.</sc> B. & S. Loosely cæspitose; l.
spreading lanceolate acuminate from an ovate erect base,
upper ones with white points, margins much recurved; nerve
ceasing below apex; per. l. larger with a thinner nerve;
caps. elliptical, not pellucid, with an oblique beaked lid; per.
teeth dark red; calyptra divided at base.

Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.–III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>gracile.</i> per. l. secund, others sub-secund or
spreading, stem decumbent elongated.

γ. |<i>rivulare.</i> st. fasciculate, l. ovate-lanceolate dark
green obtuse; caps. turbinate. (By streams.)

δ. |<i>strictum.</i> l. reddish brown, rigid.
.dl-

.sp 2

194. <sc>G. maritimum.</sc> B. & S. Cæspitose, dull green or
brownish; l. rigid, not hair-pointed, straight lanceolate
acuminate, keeled; nerve strong, reddish brown, excurrent,
margin plane; caps. obovate with a rostellate lid; per.
teeth large and perforate.

Rocks near the sea. Scotland. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II. Gastero-grimmia.</sc> Plants very short\
pulvinate; caps. slightly emerging, ventricose\
on one side, on a short curved seta; calyptra\
five-lobed or cucullate.

195. <sc>G. anodon.</sc> B. & S. In small hoary cushions; l.
lower minute loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate muticous,
upper larger, broadly oblong-lanceolate concave, nerve
excurrent into long serrated hair; basal cells elongate
pellucid, above quadrate opaque; caps. immersed, oval
gymnostomous, strongly ventricose; lid plano-convex:
monoicous.

Walls and dry limestone rocks. Arthur’s Seat (Bell).
.bn 087.png
.pn +1

196. <sc>G. crinita.</sc> Brid. In loose flat silky tufts; l.
imbricate, lowest lanceolate, muticous, upper obovate-oblong
channelled, the broad diaphanous apex continued into a long
hair, nerve not reaching apex; basal cells elongate diaphanous,
upper large rounded thickened; caps. ovate, lightly
striate, sub-cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid convex with an
obtuse point; cal. dimidiate, two-lobed: monoicous. [Dr.
Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. N. S., vol. I., 195.]

Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Near Hatton,
Warwick, 1872 (J. Bagnall).

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. III. Eu-grimmia.</sc> L. ending in a hair point;\
caps. plicate, exserted on a curved seta; cal.\
multifid at base, or with a single cleft at side.

197. <sc>G. orbicularis.</sc> B. & S. Densely pulvinate; l.
oblong-lanceolate, rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent
into a long hair point, basal cellules large; caps. almost
spherical drooping on a curved yellowish seta, slightly
striate; lid small convex; annulus narrow; per. teeth trifid,
more distantly barred than the next; calyptra dimidiate:
monoicous.

Limestone rocks. <pm right '<sc>II. III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

198. <sc>G. pulvinata.</sc> Sm. Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in.
l. elliptic lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse,
terminated by the nerve excurrent into a long hair point;
caps. drooping reddish brown, ovoid, eight-furrowed; lid
convex with a straight beak; calyptra lobed at base; per.
teeth dark red bi-trifid, annulus large: monoicous.

Rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
β. |<i>obtusa.</i> lid short obtuse; caps. shorter.
.dl-
.bn 088.png
.pn +1

199. <sc>G. Schultzii.</sc> Brid. L. crowded, sub-secund,
lanceolate, tapering into a long rough diaphanous point,
margins recurved; caps. slightly obovate, furrowed, on a
very short curved seta; annulus large; per. teeth long
tapering, deeply bifid; monoicous.

Sub-alpine rocks. E. S. W. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

200. <sc>G. subsquarrosa.</sc> Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White.
Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans, <sc>IX.</sc>, 142. In lax dark green tufts,
fuscous at base; st. ⅓–¾in. with dichotomous short curved
branches; l. patent squarrose, erect and appressed when dry,
lowest from an ovate base gradually lanceolate, muticous,
upper longer and extended into a long denticulate hair point,
nerve strong, margin recurved; basal cells quadrate hyaline,
marginal narrow and elongate, above minute rounded quadrate.
Fr. not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 196.]

Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff
Hill (Dr. Stirton); Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c.

.sp 2

201. <sc>G. robusta.</sc> Fergusson MS. In large loose tufts,
black below, dark green and hoary above; br. fastigiate; l.
erecto-patent, appressed when dry, keeled at back with the
strong nerve, margin recurved below; lower short muticous,
lanceolate from a contracted ovate base, upper longer, gradually
tapering into a long smooth hair point; cells quadrate
thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at
margin of basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p.
196.]

Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland,
(Dr. Moore); Cardross and Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire
(Hunt).
.bn 089.png
.pn +1

202. <sc>G. contorta.</sc> Wahl. In small deep green soft
tufts, black below and radiculose; l. patent incurved, curled
when dry, lineal subulate from a lanceolate base, with short
diaphanous hair points, keeled, margin recurved below:
basal cells diaphanous elongate hexagono-rectangular, above
sinuous and quadrate; per. l. erect sheathing; caps. small
oval smooth yellowish, cernuous on a sub-arcuate seta, erect
when dry, lid convex conical obtuse orange-red: dioicous.
[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197; Schp. Syn. 210.]

Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim);
Glen Callater, &c. (Fergusson).

.sp 2

203. <sc>G. torquata.</sc> Grev. (<i>G. torta.</i> N. & H. Bry.
Brit.) Loosely tufted elongate; st. 1–2in. dichotomous;
l. lanceolate acuminate, spirally twisted when dry, channelled,
occasionally hair-pointed; fruct. not known.

Alpine rocks. E. I. S.

.sp 2

204. <sc>G. funalis.</sc> Schwgn. (<i>G. spiralis.</i> H. & T. Bry.
Brit.) Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. slender; l. oblong or
ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a
long hair point, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovoid, smooth,
eight-furrowed when dry; lid short apiculate; annulus large
compound; calyp. five-lobed at base; per. teeth closely
bifid: dioicous.

Dry alpine rocks. E. S. I. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

205. <sc>G. Muhlenbeckii.</sc> Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and
cæspitose; st. tall erect or procumbent dichotomous and
rooting at base; l. densely crowded, patulous, erect when
dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong nerve, margin
plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair
.bn 090.png
.pn +1
point with recurved teeth; basal cells elongate, upper
rounded quadrate; caps. small oval glossy, rugulose when
dry yellowish brown, lid convex with a short beak, red. [Dr.
Braithwaite, l. c., p. 197. Schp. Syn. p. 212.] <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

206. <sc>G. trichophylla.</sc> Grev. Loose yellowish green
tufts, ¼–1in. l. linear-lanceolate from an erect base, flexuose,
tapering into a long diaphanous point, margin recurved at
base, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovate-oblong, furrowed
when dry, lid with a long straight beak; annulus larger;
per. teeth bifid; calyp. lobed: dioicous.

Walls. E. S. I. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

207. <sc>G. Hartmannii.</sc> Schp. Loosely cæspitose, green
above, black below; st. elongate procumbent rigid, arcuate
ascending, dichotomous; l. elongate-lanceolate; upper ones
secund, prolonged into a short smooth hair point, somewhat
concave, margin more or less recurved; basal cells sinuouso-rectangular
hyaline, above quadrate opaque; fruit not
known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197. Sch. Syn. 214.]

Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland.

.sp 2

208. <sc>G. elatior.</sc> B. & S. Robust, loosely cæspitose;
fuscous green, hoary at top; st. sparingly branched elongate,
from decumbent naked base ascending; l. very long curved
patent, from oblong carinato-concave base longly lanceolate,
margin revolute, ending in a long smoothish hair point;
basal cells linear-rectangular, wider towards margin, above
rounded opaque; caps. ovate ten-ribbed, when dry oblong
deeply furrowed; lid conical muticous or sub-aciculate:
dioicous. [Bry. Eur. <sc>III.</sc> Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 197.]

Granite rocks. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson).
.bn 091.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. IV. Guembellia.</sc> L. not curling, generally\
piliferous; caps. smooth on a straight seta; cal.\
multifid at base or cucullate.

209. <sc>G. Donniana.</sc> Sm. Stems ¼–½in. tufted, l. erecto-patent,
lanceolate elongate narrow, tapering into a roughened
hair point, margin plane; per. l. longer; caps. erect oval-oblong,
slightly exserted, pale yellowish brown, lid obtuse
conical; annulus small; per. teeth broad, sometimes perforate:
monoicous.

Mountain rocks and walls. E. S. W. <pm right '<sc>III. IV. X.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>sudetica.</i> l. with longer hair points; caps.
immersed; lid conico-acuminate.

γ. |<i>elongata.</i> l. scarcely hair-pointed, caps. on a
longish seta.
.dl-

.sp 2

210. <sc>G. Ungeri.</sc> Juratzka. Compact irregular blackish
green, hoary tufts; st. short simple or dichotomous; l.
erecto-patulous, lower smaller muticous, upper larger lanceolate
from an obovate base, ending in a long smooth hair point,
margin plane; basal cells quadrate hyaline, above quadrate,
then opaque and indistinct; caps. small oval smooth, without
annulus, exserted on an erect pale brown seta; lid
conical obtuse, calyp. cucullate: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite,
l. c., 198.]

On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater
(Rev. J. Fergusson).

.sp 2

211. <sc>G. ovata.</sc> W. & M. St. ½in. or more, branched
fastigiate; l. spreading, erect when dry, lanceolate tapering
into a roughish hair-point, nerve broad indistinct, margin
recurved below; caps. ovoid erect exserted reddish brown,
.bn 092.png
.pn +1
annulus large, lid rostellate, with a groove round its base;
per. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate: monoicous.

Alpine rocks. Breadalbane and Clova; Snowdon;
Charnwood Forest. <pm right '<sc>X.—III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

212. <sc>G. leucophea.</sc> Grey. Dark green hoary tufts;
st. ½in.; l. erect, spreading, when dry closely imbricate,
upper ovate or elliptical concave, with very long hair points
and plane margins, lower ones muticous; caps. smooth
elliptical or oblong erect, exserted, with a short conico-rostellate
lid, and large dehiscent annulus: dioicous.

Scotland, Devon. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

213. <sc>G. commutata.</sc> Hueb. Loosely tufted, blackish
green, hoary at top; stems slender flexuose, naked below;
l. lower small loosely imbricate, upper much longer ovate-lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, shortly hair-pointed;
per. l. three internal erect sheathing, longly
pointed; basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate; caps.
ovate or ovate-globose erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely
and obliquely rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn. p. 109.
Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 198.]

Dry quartzose rocks. Moncreiff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirton);
Dunkeld (Dr. B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson.)

.nf r
Spring.
.nf-

.sp 2

214. <sc>G. montana.</sc> B. & S. St. slender dichotomous; l.
erecto-patent oblong-lanceolate with a long hair-point, very
concave, margin erect; basal cells diaphanous quadrato-hexagonal,
above minute rounded thickened opaque; caps.
erect on a short seta, ovate small brown very smooth; lid,
obliquely rostrate; calyptra large cucullate long beaked,
.bn 093.png
.pn +1
annulus simple; per. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite,
l. c. 199.]

Sandstone and granite rocks. Deeside, Aberdeenshire,
1869 (Prof. Barker and Mr. Roy); Bolt Head, Devonshire,
in fruit (Mr. Holmes).

.sp 2

215. <sc>G. elongata.</sc> Kaulfuss. In loose cushioned tufts,
black below, innovations olive green with hoary tips. St.
slender, repeatedly dichotomous, naked below without
radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate muticous, upper
elongate-lanceolate obtuse with the apex diaphanous,
margin erect, basal cells rectangular hyaline at margin,
becoming minute and quadrate above; caps. ovate erect
smooth pale brown, on a straight seta; lid conical obtuse,
annulus narrow; per. t. lanceolate red entire or slightly
perforate; calyp. multifid, long beaked. (Dr. Braithwaite,
l. c. 199.)

Alpine rocks. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868
(Fergusson); near Glasgow (Dr. Stirton).

.sp 2

216. <sc>G. unicolor.</sc> Grev. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose,
naked below; branches brittle flexuose; l. erect channelled
lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed,
rigid, margin incurved, broadly nerved to apex;
caps. ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a long
straight or slightly inclined beak: dioicous.

Alpine rocks, Clova. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc> (?)'>

.sp 2

217. <sc>G. atrata.</sc> Miel. St. cæspitose, 1–2in., l. blackish,
rigid, erecto-patent lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin
reflexed, scarcely so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve
scarcely reaching to apex. Caps. elliptic-oblong on a longer
.bn 094.png
.pn +1
seta, with a large annulus and short rostellate lid: dioicous.

Alpine rocks. Snowdon, Glen Callater. <pm right '<sc>X.–IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
33. RACOMITRIUM. B. & S.

.sp 2
.h4
A. Dichotomously branched, innovations simple fastigiate.

218. <sc>R. (Dryptodon) patens.</sc> Bridel. Bry. Univ., <sc>I.</sc>,
192. (<i>Grimmia patens.</i> Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or
fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in. branched, decumbent and naked
below; l. spreading or slightly secund, oblong-lanceolate,
gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved below,
nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps.
almost obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale
flexuose seta; annulus large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous.

Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

219. <sc>R. ellipticum.</sc> B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st.
1in. decumbent and naked below; l. spreading from an erect
base lanceolate oblong, strongly nerved to apex, margins
plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on a short
thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate
beak: dioicous.

Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. <pm right '<sc>XI.—IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

220. <sc>R. aciculare.</sc> Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent
and naked at base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or
secund, ovate-oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes
toothed at apex, to which the nerve does not reach; caps.
erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and on a longer
and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak:
dioicous.

Wet mountainous rocks by streams. <pm right '<sc>XI.—IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>denticulatum.</i> l. distinctly and distantly toothed
at apex.
.dl-
.bn 095.png
.pn +1

221. <sc>R. protensum.</sc> A. Braun. St. less rigid than last,
and leafy at base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate
obtuse, nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical
thinner, on a pale seta; lid with a long subulate
beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous.

Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

222. <sc>R. sudeticum.</sc> B. & S. St. slender, decumbent
and naked at base, l. spreading recurved keeled lanceolate
tapering into a long whitish diaphanous denticulate point;
caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid with a shorter acute
beak. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
B. Branches irregular, with lateral ramuli; innov.\
not fastigiate.

.sp 2
.h5
* L. without diaphanous points.

223. <sc>R. fasciculare.</sc> Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at
base, with upright innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded,
from a broadish erect base lanceolate spreading, muticous,
margins recurved, areolæ long narrow sinuous; caps. elliptical
with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously papillose.

Rocks. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
* * L. with diaphanous points.

224. <sc>R. heterostichum.</sc> Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent,
branches scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund,
lanceolate tapering to a long white denticulate point, margin
recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below, above sub-quadrate;
caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp. somewhat
papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate.

Rocks and walls. E. W. I. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>
.bn 096.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>alopecurum.</i> l. with short hair points; caps.
smaller.

γ. |<i>gracilescens.</i> l. obtuse, caps. small, on a short
seta.
.dl-

.sp 2

225. <sc>R. microcarpon.</sc> Brid. St. slender fasciculate with
short branches; l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate
tapering to a short point, areolæ all long and sinuous;
caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a robust rostrate lid.

Highlands of Scotland.

.sp 2

226. <sc>R. lanuginosum.</sc> Brid. St. very long and slender,
fasciculate; l. lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate
point, sometimes secund or spreading from an erect
base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a short roughish
seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp. papillose
above.

Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

227. <sc>R. canescens.</sc> Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base;
l. ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point,
recurved from an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid
eight-striate when dry, with a very long subulate lid; calyp.
papillose above.

Stony and sandy heaths. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>prolixum.</i> older innovations only with fasciculate
ramuli.

γ. |<i>ericoides.</i> covered with fasciculate ramuli; l.
squarrose.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
34. GLYPHOMITRIUM. <sc>Schwg.</sc>

228. <sc>G. Daviesii.</sc> Schwg. St. ½in. cæspitose; l. linear-lanceolate
spreading entire, margin thickened and reflexed
.bn 097.png
.pn +1
below, strongly nerved to apex, areolæ minute, larger at
base; caps. erect, almost globose, with a reddish mouth and
long rostrate lid; per. teeth converging when moist, reflexed
when dry; calyp. large, laciniate at base.

Clefts of rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

Giant’s Causeway; Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W.
Galt and McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay);
Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black); Skye (Hunt); Blairlogie;
Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt).

.sp 2
.h3
35. PTYCHOMITRIUM. B. & S.

229. <sc>P. polyphyllum.</sc> B. & S. St. ½in. tufted; l.
linear-lanceolate from a broadish base, spreading, nerved to
the dentate acute apex; caps. elliptical on a long twisted
seta; calyp. plicate; lid long subulate.

Mountainous rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
36. ORTHOTRICHUM. B. & S.

.sp 2
.h4
A. Caps. on a very short seta, immersed or shortly exserted;\
ochrea distinct, calyptra with about ten furrows.

.sp 2
.h5
1. Caps. with 16 furrows.

230. <sc>O. cupulatum.</sc> Hoffm. St. under 1in.; l. spreading
lanceolate keeled, lower brownish, nerve distinct; caps.
obovate, urceolate when dry, with a shortly beaked lid;
calyp. hairy; perist. simple, of 16 free equidistant teeth,
spreading when dry.

Rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
2. Caps. with eight furrows.

231. <sc>O. Sturmii.</sc> Hop. & Hornsch. In loose cushions;
st. short and erect, or longer and prostrate; l. patent and
.bn 098.png
.pn +1
recurved when moist, incumbent when dry; margin subrevolute,
acutely costato-carinate; caps. generally immersed,
obovate, with eight obsolete striæ, when dry eight-ribbed
and constricted below the mouth; calyp. more or less hairy,
shining; per. teeth simple 16 equidistant, erect when dry,
slightly incurved. [Bry. Eur. <sc>III.</sc>, t. 109.]

Trap rocks. S. I. (Dr. Wood.) <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

232. <sc>O. Shawii.</sc> Sch. Resembles the last, but differs
by its leaves being less solid and of looser texture at base;
cells in one row always (not in two); by the fewer hairs on
its shorter glossy white calyptra; and by its per. teeth
densely papillose white and reflexed when dry. [Supp. Bry.
Eur., fasc, <sc>I. II.</sc>]

On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 1860
(J. Shaw). <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

233. <sc>O. obtusifolium.</sc> Schrad. In loose yellowish green
tufts, brownish below; l. patulous oblong from an ovate
base, apex obtuse hyaline and minutely serrulate, concave,
margin incurved, papillose at back, per. l. broader and less
obtuse: caps. oval immersed with eight orange striæ; cal.
long naked whitish, with a brown tip; lid convex acuminate;
per. teeth eight bi-geminate reflexed when dry, alternating
with eight cilia: dioicous. (Bry. Eur. <sc>III.</sc>, t. 208.)

On trunks of trees. York, Bristol. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

234. <sc>O. pumilum.</sc> Swartz. (<i>O. fallax</i>, Br. Wils. B. & S.
but not Schp. Syn.) Minute pulvinate; l. lanceolate acute,
carinate, margin revolute; per. l. longer erect; caps. oblong,
with eight orange striæ, neck gradually tapering into the
seta; cal. long shining brown at apex; per. teeth eight bi-geminate
yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry.

Ash trees at Inverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire.
.bn 099.png
.pn +1

235. <sc>O. fallax.</sc> Schp. Syn. 264, <i>non</i> Bruch. (<i>O. pumilum</i>,
Dicks, Bry. Brit. B. & S., Müller, &c.) Differs from
the above in having a more oblong thicker capsule, with
deeper yellow striæ, with its neck shorter abrupt, not gradually
narrowed, and with a shorter more inflated calyptra; l.
elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse.

On trees, not common. E. I.

.sp 2

236. <sc>O. tenellum.</sc> Bruch. St. ½in. tufted; l. spreading,
lanceolate-oblong or ligulate, obtuse; caps. yellow-brown,
exserted, sub-cylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry,
broadly and distinctly striate; calyp. with a few short hairs,
conico-campanulate, yellow; perist. yellow, eight teeth and
eight cilia.

Trees, E. I. W. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

237. <sc>O. pallens.</sc> Bruch. St. erect short tufted; l.
spreading, lanceolate or ligulate obtuse, margins revolute;
caps. elliptic-oblong with a large apophysis, scarcely exserted,
slightly contracted at mouth when dry; striæ broad; calyp.
large pale yellow hairless. Perist. of eight yellow teeth and
16 cilia.

Trees. York. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

238. <sc>O. stramineum.</sc> Horns. St. short tufted; l.
spreading, narrowly lanceolate acuminate, keeled, margin
reflexed; caps. ovate-pyriform slightly exserted, striæ
broad; calyp. large campanulate purple-tipped, slightly
hairy; perist. 8 teeth, and 16 (sometimes only eight) cilia;
vaginula hairy.

Trees and rocks. E. S. W. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

239. <sc>O. fastigiatum.</sc> Bruch. St. longer, tufted with
fastigiate branches; l. broader lanceolate, gradually tapering
.bn 100.png
.pn +1
to a point, sub-erect; caps. almost pyriform, scarcely
exserted, with broad striæ; calyp. brownish yellow hairy;
per. teeth eight, and 16 broad short cilia.

Solitary trees, Yorkshire and Sussex. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

240. <sc>O. affine.</sc> Schrad. St. ½–1in. tufted branched;
l. spreading, oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin
revolute and slightly undulate, strongly papillose on both
sides; caps. elliptic-oblong, somewhat exserted, contracted
when dry, striæ narrow. Perist. eight pale teeth and eight
filiform cilia; calyp. large greenish yellow hairy.

Trees, walls, &c., common. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

241. <sc>O. rupestre.</sc> Schl. St. 1in. or more, cæspitose,
creeping at base; l. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly
recurved; caps. pyriform, mouth large, scarcely exserted,
striæ indistinct; calyp. large yellow, with long hairs; perist.
16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry), and eight cilia.

Mountainous rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>rupincola.</i> “l. sub-erect, caps. smaller.”

γ. |“stem longer; caps. exserted, calyp. very
hairy.”
.dl-

.sp 2

242. <sc>O. speciosum.</sc> Nees. St. 1in. or more, tufted,
branched; l. spreading, lanceolate, somewhat pointed, papillose,
margins recurved; caps. shortly exserted elliptic-oblong,
faintly striate at summit, lid conical beaked; calyp.
large yellowish, with long hairs; perist. eight yellowish
teeth, and eight cilia.

Trees, rare. Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

243. <sc>O. Lyellii.</sc> Hook. St. 2in. or more, loosely
tufted, with erect branches; l. much spreading long linear-lanceolate,
.bn 101.png
.pn +1
wavy, scarcely serrate at apex, and studded with
papillæ and brownish gland-like bodies; caps. elliptic-oblong,
with a distinct tapering apophysis, and faint striæ; calyp.
very large, brown tipped, with a few long whitish hairs.
Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red-toothed cilia.

Old tree trunks, rare in fr. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

244. <sc>O. rivulare.</sc> Turn. St. long tufted, often floating;
l. oblong-ovate flaccid, sometimes sub-secund, obtuse, with a
strong nerve and small papillæ; margin recurved below: caps.
pyriform, broadly striate, almost immersed; perist. eight
teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant, and 16 cilia;
calyp. large dull green hairless.

Rocks and tree trunks at edges of streams. E. W. I. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

245. <sc>O. Sprucei.</sc> Mont. St. ¼in. tufted; l. oblong-ovate
or ligulate, apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus,
scarcely reflexed, thinly nerved, not papillose; caps. pyriform,
scarcely exserted, contracted at mouth when dry, striæ
broad; lid with a short beak; calyp. reddish tipped, large,
hairless; perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, and eight,
sometimes 16, cilia.

Trees near rivers. York, Matlock, Glasgow. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

246. <sc>O. diaphanum.</sc> Schrad. St. scarcely ½in. tufted;
l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender diaphanous
serrulate point, margin recurved; caps. somewhat
pyriform, almost immersed, faintly striate; calyp. generally
naked; perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes split at apex,
and 16 cilia.

Walls, trees, and palings. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>
.bn 102.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
3. Caps. without furrows.

247. <sc>O. leiocarpum.</sc> B. & S. St. 1–3in. tufted, branched;
l. spreading, lanceolate, pointed, margin strongly revolute;
caps. large pale brown, obovate, perfectly smooth and not
contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely exserted; calyp.
hairy, sometimes naked; perist. 16 teeth and 16 erose cilia.

Trees. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.pm blockbegin
[N.B.—Notwithstanding the note in Lin. Soc. Jour., vol. <sc>XI.</sc> p. 465,
I retain the name <i>leiocarpum</i> instead of <i>striatum</i>, as <i>all</i> the species in
this section have a <i>striate</i> calyptra.]
.pm blockend

.sp 2
.h4
B. Caps. on a long seta, much exserted.

.sp 2
.h5
1. Calyp. naked.

248. <sc>O. pulchellum.</sc> Sm. St. ¼in. tufted; l. spreading,
soft, crisped when dry, linear-lanceolate bluntish, margin
recurved; caps. pale, oval, with eight reddish striæ; perist.
16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16 cilia; calyp. pale, without
hairs, purplish at tip.

Trunks of trees. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
2. Calyp. very hairy, furrowed; ochrea indistinct; l.\
dilated at base, and crisped when dry.

249. <sc>O. saxatile.</sc> Brid. (<i>O. anomalum</i>, Bry. Brit., p.
177.) St. erect sparingly branched; l. narrow lanceolate
sharply acuminate, nerve thick, areolæ narrow at base; caps.
narrow sub-cylindrical, much exserted, with eight long striæ
prominent when dry, and then with eight shorter alternating
spurious ones just below the mouth; per. teeth in pairs;
calyp. hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. <sc>I. II.</sc>]

Limestone walls and rocks. <pm right 'Spring.'>
.bn 103.png
.pn +1

250. <sc>O. anomalum.</sc> Hedw. Sp. Musc, (<i>non</i> Bry. Brit.)
St. erect simple, slightly branched; l. lower patulous remote,
upper erecto-patent, lanceolate from an ovate base, margin
revolute; caps. ovate-oblong, 16–striate; calyp. brownish
hairy; per. t. pale equidistant erect when dry. [Bry. Eur.,
<sc>III.</sc>, t. 210. Schp. Syn. 262.]

<i>Trap</i> rocks, Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr. Wood); Conway.

.nf r
Summer.
.nf-

.sp 2

251. <sc>O. Ludwigii.</sc> Schw. St. ½in. creeping; l. subpatent
or spreading, narrowly linear-lanceolate from an ovate
base, contorted when dry, margin slightly undulate; caps.
obovate, striate only at summit, much contracted at mouth
when dry; perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards equidistant,
occasionally with short cilia.

Trees. Scotland, Ireland. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

252. <sc>O. crispulum.</sc> Hornsch. St. very minute tufted;
l. small, linear-lanceolate, scarcely crisped when dry; caps.
pyriform, small, thin, with eight inconspicuous striæ.

Trees, not common. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

253. <sc>O. crispum.</sc> Hedw. St. about 1in. tufted; l.
linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, slightly waved at
margin, very much contorted when dry; caps. clavate, contracted
at mouth when dry; apophysis gradually tapering
into the thick seta; eight broad striæ; perist. eight teeth,
and eight, sometimes 16, cilia.

Trees. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

254. <sc>O. calvescens.</sc> Wils. Differs from <i>Bruchii</i> by its
shorter leaves more narrowly reticulated; calyp. scarcely
.bn 104.png
.pn +1
hairy; caps. with a long tapering neck, lid more convex and
shortly beaked; from <i>crispum</i> by its longer seta and shorter
caps. not contracted at mouth when dry, and by its smooth
glossy calyptra.

Trees. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington); Dailly and
Loch Doon (J. Shaw).

.sp 2

255. <sc>O. Bruchii.</sc> Brid. St. short tufted; l. spreading
sharply linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when
dry, sometimes wavy; caps. pyriform on a long seta, with
eight broad striæ, and contracted at mouth when dry; calyp.
blackish yellow, with many furrows and very hairy; perist.
of 16 teeth in pairs, and eight, very seldom 16, cilia.

Trees. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, &c. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

256. <sc>O. Drummondii.</sc> H. & G. St. longer, creeping,
l. linear-lanceolate from a narrow ovate base, blunt-pointed,
scarcely crisped, margin hardly recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform,
deeply striate, and contracted at mouth when dry,
on a long seta; calyp. with long stiff hairs; perist. of 16
teeth in pairs, and no cilia.

Trunks of young trees. S. I. E. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

257. <sc>O. Hutchinsiæ.</sc> Sm. St. about ½in. tufted; l.
erecto-patent broadly lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex,
margin scarcely reflexed; caps. clavate-pyriform, with eight
broad striæ, slightly contracted at mouth when dry;
apophysis tapering; calyp. large, very hairy. Perist. 16
teeth in pairs, and eight short cilia, sometimes wanting.

Mountainous rocks. W. I. S. E. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

258. <sc>O. phyllanthum.</sc> B. & S. St. 1in. tufted; l.
linear-lanceolate without a broad base, nerve extending to
.bn 105.png
.pn +1
apex or exserted, where it is generally covered with gemmæ,
crisped when dry; fruit not known.

Rocks and trees, generally near the sea.

.sp 2
.h3
37. ZYGODON. <sc>Hook.</sc> & T.

.sp 2
.h4
A. Peristome absent.

.sp 2
.h5
1. Caps. on a short seta.

259. <sc>Z. Lapponicus.</sc> B. & S. St. ½in. cæspitose
radiculose; l. spreading, linear-lanceolate keeled, contorted
when dry, nerve ceasing near apex; per. l. ovate-lanceolate;
caps. scarcely exserted turbinate, deeply eight-striate, urceolate
when dry; lid with a short oblique beak: monoicous.

Crevices of alpine rocks. S. W. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

260. <sc>Z. Mougeottii.</sc> B. & S. St. more than 1 inch
cæspitose, scarcely radiculose; l. fasciculate recurved, narrowly
linear-lanceolate, margin reflexed below, nerved to
apex, not contorted when dry; caps. turbinate urceolate
when dry, eight-striate; lid with a long very oblique beak:
dioicous.

Moist shady rocks. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2
.h5
2. Caps. on a longer seta.

261. <sc>Z. viridissimus.</sc> Brid. St. ½–1in., fastigiate,
radiculose below; l. much spreading recurved, widely lanceolate,
somewhat contorted when dry, nerve sometimes
slightly excurrent; caps. obovate obscurely eight-striate; lid
with a long oblique beak: dioicous.

Trees and rocks. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>
.bn 106.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
B. Peristome present.

.sp 2
.h5
1. Inner perist. fugacious.

262. <sc>Z. conoideus.</sc> Dicks. St. very short, cæspitose,
fastigiate, densely radiculose; l. somewhat spreading, not
recurved, widely lanceolate, with plane margins, and nerved
nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, tapering below, eight-striate,
lid with a long straight beak; perist., outer eight short
recurved teeth, inner eight yellowish cilia, often absent:
dioicous.

Trees. S. I. E. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
2. Inner perist. persistent.

263. <sc>Z. Forsteri.</sc> Dicks. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted,
with whitish radicles; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate,
nerved to apex or slightly excurrent; areolæ hexagonal (not
as in all the previous ones, dot-like), oblong and diaphanous
at base; caps. pyriform, striate; lid with a long inclined
beak; perist., outer eight acute bi-geminate teeth, inner
eight alternating cilia: monoicous.

Trees. South of England, rare. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

264. <sc>Z. gracilis.</sc> Wils. MS. St. 1in. or more, tufted,
branched; l. lanceolate twisted when dry, with plane margins,
and denticulate near the apex; areolæ close and
punctate above, large and pellucid below.

Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell) in fr., Sept., 1866.

.pm blockbegin
[I have no specimen in fruit.]
.pm blockend

.sp 2
.h3
38. TETRAPHIS. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

265. <sc>T. pellucida.</sc> Hed. St. ½–1in.; l. lower, ovate-acuminate,
nerved, reddish, upper larger ovate-lanceolate
.bn 107.png
.pn +1
entire, nerve ceasing below apex, margins plane; stems
bearing gemmiferous cups, l. of which are obcordate; caps.
(fruit not found in England) elliptical, with a red border at
mouth, on a long reddish seta.

Decaying stumps and roots of trees, common. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
39. TETRODONTIUM. <sc>Schw.</sc>

266. <sc>T. Brownianum.</sc> Schwg. St. almost none, with
long linear radical leaves or ramuli; per. l. ovate-acuminate,
entire, shortly and faintly nerved; caps. oval-oblong, lid
with an acute oblique beak.

Sandstone rocks. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc> (Wilson says <sc>VII.</sc>)'>

.sp 2
.h3
40. BUXBAUMIA. <sc>Haller.</sc>

267. <sc>B. aphylla.</sc> Hall. “Stem almost none, buried; l.
lower roundish, deeply toothed, upper fringed with long
ciliary processes; caps. plano-convex, roundish ovate, reddish;
outer perist. irregularly sub-divided, thick and
cellular.” [Wilson.]

Scotland, Yorkshire, &c.; rare. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

268. <sc>B. indusiata.</sc> Brid. “Resembling the last, but
caps. more erect, not flattened on the upper surface, of
uniform texture and yellowish green colour, covered with a
soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper surface, the
margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern;
annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <sc>VIII.</sc>, 226.]

On the ground and rotten trunks, chiefly in pine woods.

Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill,
Aboyne, 1867 (Dickie and Roy).

.sp 2
.h3
41. DIPHYSCIUM. W. & M.

269. <sc>D. foliosum.</sc> W. & M. St. almost none; l. long
.bn 108.png
.pn +1
narrow linear, flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane,
sometimes toothed near apex; per. l. with a pale thin blade,
nerve excurrent into a long rough bristle, and the innermost
divided at apex into long jointed cilia; caps. immersed,
ovate, oblique, gibbous; lid conical pointed; per. teeth
white.

Shady mountainous rocks. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
42. ATRICHUM. <sc>P. Beauv.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

270. <sc>A. undulatum.</sc> P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate,
margin undulate, thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth,
which also occur on back near apex, where lamellate nerve
ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a long curved
beak.

Grassy places, common. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>attenuatum.</i> l. narrow, more crisped when dry;
caps. smaller.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

271. <sc>A. angustatum.</sc> Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower,
densely reticulate, serrate at apex <i>only</i>, less hispid beneath,
with numerous lamellæ on nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical
straight or curved, lid dark purple, shortly rostrate. [Schp.
Syn. p. 434.]

Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. <pm right 'Winter.'>

Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten).

272. <sc>A. tenellum.</sc> Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate,
upper ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate,
smooth beneath, margins dentate below the middle, subcirrhate
.bn 109.png
.pn +1
when dry, nerve thinly lamellate; caps. obovate-oblong,
sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth large.
[Bry. Eur. <sc>IV.</sc>, 412. Syn. 435.]

Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire.

.sp 2

273. <sc>A. crispum.</sc> James. (<i>laxifolium</i>, Wils. MS.) St.
simple, slender; l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper
much larger oblong-lanceolate, slightly undulate, border
thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, scarcely lamellate;
areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. obovate-oblong,
sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short irregular,
seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <sc>VIII.</sc>, 225.]

Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire;
Dartmoor. Male plant only found in Britain.

.sp 2
.h3
43. OLIGOTRICHUM. <sc>De C.</sc>

274. <sc>O. hercynicum.</sc> De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent,
lanceolate, sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of
nerve undulate, and spinulose at back; caps. erect cylindrical,
plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical pointed.

Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell).

.sp 2
.h3
44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv.

275. <sc>P. nanum.</sc> Brid. St. short, not branched at apex;
l. rigid spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate
above; caps. almost globose, erect or inclined, lid with a
curved or oblique beak; columella not winged.

Moist shady sandy banks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>longisetum.</i> l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very
long; caps. oval-oblong.
.dl-
.bn 110.png
.pn +1

276. <sc>P. aloides.</sc> Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at
apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on
margin and back; caps. erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or
cylindrical; lid conical beaked; columella with four wings;
hairs of calyp. whitish.

Moist banks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>minus.</i> smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent
below capsule.”
.dl-

.sp 2

277. <sc>P. urnigerum.</sc> Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above,
reddish below; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a short
broader sheathing base, acute serrate; caps. narrowly
cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a short beak.

Mountainous banks and sides of streams. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>crassum.</i> l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with
a longer beak.
.dl-

.sp 2

278. <sc>P. alpinum.</sc> Brid. St. much longer, branched
above, decumbent below; l. linear-lanceolate from a
sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, back spinulose,
margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid,
smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak.

Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>arcticum.</i> caps. oblong sub-cylindrical.

δ. |<i>campanulatum.</i> st. short, l. narrower and shorter;
caps. apophysate; calyp. campanulate.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
45. POLYTRICHUM. <sc>Brid.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct.

279. <sc>P. sexangulare.</sc> Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in.,
fertile shorter; l. short incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate
.bn 111.png
.pn +1
from a broader base, margins plane, incurved, almost cucullate
at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first upright, afterwards
cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or five-angled;
lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous.

Summits of Scotch mountains. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c.

.sp 2

280. <sc>P. gracile.</sc> Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted;
l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with
prominent lamellæ on upper surface; caps. ovate, obscurely
four, five, six-angled; lid conico-rostrate; calyp. small.

Turbaries, &c., frequent. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

281. <sc>P. formosum.</sc> Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l.
spreading linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base,
acute, serrate, lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured;
lid long conical; calyp. large.

Woods. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>pallidisetum.</i> st. and l. shorter; caps. narrower,
on a short pale seta.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
B. Caps. four-angled; apoph. very distinct.

282. <sc>P. commune.</sc> L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading
reflexed, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous
at base, serrate on margin and back; nerve broad;
per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. short, upright,
afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable in
size; calyp. large reddish.

Tufty and marshy places. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>perigoniale.</i> smaller; outer per. l. longer; dry
heaths.
.bn 112.png
.pn +1

γ. |<i>minus.</i> st. short; l. shorter, less spreading;
per. l. less striking; calyp., caps., and seta
smaller: dry heaths.

γ. β. |<i>fastigiatum.</i> st. branched fastigiate; l. as in
var. γ. Very dry heaths.
.dl-

.sp 2

283. <sc>P. juniperum.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed,
spreading, linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin
entire, except a few teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle
upwards, somewhat spinulose at back; caps. roughish,
horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; calyp.
large.

Heaths. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

284. <sc>P. strictum.</sc> Menzies. (<i>P. juniperum.</i> β. <i>strictum</i>,
Bry. Brit.) “St. more slender, densely matted, branched,
closely interwoven with whitish tomentum; l. straight,
erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, shorter and narrower,
pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely angled,
rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite,
Jour. of Bot., <sc>VIII.</sc>, 225.]

Mountain moors, common.

.sp 2

285. <sc>P. piliferum.</sc> Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l.
lower short appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged
into roughish hair points, margins entire inflexed;
caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on a short seta; calyp.
long, reddish.

Dry heaths. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
46. TIMMIA. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

286. <sc>T. austriaca.</sc> Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate
from a reddish brown sheathing dilated base, margins
strongly serrate; caps. ovate pyriform, inclined, striate
.bn 113.png
.pn +1
when dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded mammillate;
per. teeth inner smooth entire.

Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

287. <sc>T. megapolitana.</sc> Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose,
brownish below; l. from a whitish sheathing base, spreading
and recurved, linear-lanceolate concave opaque serrate,
cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal ovate-lanceolate thinner;
caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when dry; lid
convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous
appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.]

Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2
.h3
47. AULACOMNION. <sc>Schw.</sc>

288. <sc>A. palustre.</sc> Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset
with reddish radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at
apex, flexuose undulate, crisped when dry, papillose on both
sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, cernuous, curved; lid
conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: dioicous.

Turfy bogs and marshes. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>imbricatum.</i> “l. broader imbricate, entire, not
twisted when dry.”

γ. |<i>fasciculare.</i> st. with many short innovations and
fasciculate leaves; ramuli flagelliform from
axils of fl. leaves.

δ. |<i>polycephalum.</i> “st. decumbent branched; pseudopodia
elongated numerous.”
.dl-

.sp 2

289. <sc>A. androgynum.</sc> Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly
simple; l. lower lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at
apex, not flexuose nor crisped when dry, papillose, margin
.bn 114.png
.pn +1
recurved; caps. almost cylindrical, gibbous, inclined, furrowed;
lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; barren fl.
gemmiform.

Dry shady woods and banks. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
48. ORTHODONTIUM. <sc>Schw.</sc>

290. <sc>O. gracile.</sc> Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l.
long linear setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly
nerved nearly to apex; caps. obovate-clavate, gradually
tapering at base into the seta, inclined; lid long, beaked;
calyp. very small.

Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
49. LEPTOBRYUM. <sc>Wils.</sc>

291. <sc>L. pyriforme.</sc> Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower
lanceolate entire, upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at
summit, nerve sometimes reaching apex; caps. pyriform
pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid convex mammillate.

Rocks. Cheshire. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
50. BRYUM. H. & T.

.sp 2
.h4
Synopsis specierum.

.nf b
I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1).

  A. Caps. narrow, inclined.
    <i>a.</i> monoicous.
      1. acuminatum.
      2. polymorphum.
      3. elongatum.
    <i>b.</i> synoicous or dioicous.
      4. crudum.
.bn 115.png
.pn +1
  B. Caps, pyriform pendulous.
    <i>a.</i> monoicous or synoicous.
      5. nutans.
    <i>b.</i> dioicous.
      6. annotinum.
      7. carneum.

II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex.

    <i>a.</i> dioicous.
      8. Wahlenbergii.
      9. Ludwigii.
    <i>b.</i> monoicous.
      10. Marrattii.
      11. calophyllum.

III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex.

  A. synoicous or monoicous.
      12. lacustre.
      13. Warneum.
  B. dioicous.
      14. pseudotriquetrum.
      15. neodamense.
      16. alpinum.
      17. Muhlenbeckii.
      18. turbinatum.
      19. latifolium.
      20. Duvalii.
      21. pallens.
      22. barbatum.
.bn 116.png
.pn +1

IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent.

  A. monoicous.
      23. uliginosum.
      24. pallescens.
      25. Sauteri.
  B. synoicous.
    <i>a.</i> inner perist. imperfect.
      26. cernuum.
      27. inclinatum.
    <i>b.</i> inner perist. perfect.
      28. intermedium.
      29. bimum.
      30. torquescens.
  C. dioicous.
      31. obconicum.
      32. capillare.
      33. Donianum.
      34. Billarderii.
      35. cæspiticium.
      36. murale.
      37. sanguineum.
      38. atropurpureum.
      39. apiculatum.

V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, dioicous.

  A. caps. symmetrical.
      40. julaceum.
      41. argenteum.
      42. Funkii.
.bn 117.png
.pn +1
  B. mouth of caps. oblique.
      43. Zierii.
      44. demissum.

VI. L. broad roundish bordered.

      45. Tozeri.

VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft.

      46. roseum.
.nf-

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. I.</sc>

292. (1) <sc>B. acuminatum.</sc> B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or
branched; l. rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate
larger, margins recurved, nerved to serrulate
apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost horizontal, narrowly
clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. (There are
many varieties.)

Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

293. (2) <sc>B. polymorphum.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom
branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper
oblong-lanceolate longer, crowded, apex in all serrate; caps.
oblong-pyriform horizontal or drooping, with a short neck;
lid mammillate. (Many varieties.)

Scotch and Welsh mountains. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

294. (3) <sc>B. elongatum.</sc> Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation
from floral apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered,
upper longer linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very
long and slender, clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined,
upright when dry; lid convex beaked; inner perist. with
cilia.

Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>
.bn 118.png
.pn +1

295. (4) <sc>B. crudum.</sc> Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose,
radiculose below; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane
margins and reddish nerve, upper gradually passing upwards
into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; caps. oval-pyriform,
from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid convex
apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally
shining and transparent.

Mountainous banks and rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

296. (5) <sc>B. nutans.</sc> Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations;
l. spreading, with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate
entire, upper linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex;
caps. pyriform or elliptical, with a short neck; lid small
mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous.

Sandy heaths, &c.

(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.)

.sp 2

297. (6) <sc>B. annotinum.</sc> Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l.
lower lanceolate erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate
at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. narrow pyriform,
with a long tapering neck; lid conical pointed; barren fl.
terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct compound.

Sandy banks and quarries. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

298. (7) <sc>B. carneum.</sc> L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l.
lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex,
and loosely reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish;
caps. ovate-oblong or shortly pyriform on a thick succulent
reddish seta, sharply curved at summit; lid convex, shortly
pointed; annulus none; perist. large, dark-coloured when
dry.

Moist clay banks. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>
.bn 119.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. II.</sc>

299. (8) <sc>B. Wahlenbergii.</sc> Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish
cæspitose; l. lower ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all
serrate at apex, margins scarcely reflexed, areolæ loose; caps.
broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and wide-mouthed when
dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. teeth
large, inner with cilia; lid small conical.

Wet banks and rocks. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

300. (9) <sc>B. Ludwigii.</sc> Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent
and blackish below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards
into ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrulate at apex,
margins reflexed below; caps. obovate pyriform, sub-pendulous
on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid conical,
somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia.

Scotch and Welsh mountains. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>gracilis.</i> Goat Fell; Ben Lawers, Ben Lomond;
Snowdon.
.dl-

.sp 2

301. (10) <sc>B. Marrattii.</sc> St. about ¼in. gregarious; l.
broadly elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and
longer; caps. small turbinate almost globose, tapering at
neck into the slender seta, from which it is pendulous; lid
bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner imperfect, adhering
to outer.

Southport, 1854. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

302. (11) <sc>E. calophyllum.</sc> R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish
gregarious; l. broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply
pointed, concave, entire, almost nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong,
neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical,
.bn 120.png
.pn +1
slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free,
mostly without cilia.

Southport, with the last. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. III.</sc>

303. (12) <sc>B. lacustre.</sc> Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l.
lower ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very
concave, margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish
pyriform, with a tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small
pointed; annulus present; inner perist. partially adherent,
sometimes with cilia; synoicous.

Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

304. (13) <sc>B. Warneum.</sc> Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted;
branched; l. ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at
apex, margins recurved; caps. obovate pyriform pendulous,
bordered at mouth when dry; lid small convex pointed;
inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous.

Muddy places. Scotland, Southport. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

305. (14) <sc>B. pseudotriquetrum.</sc> Schw. St. 1–3in,
branched, erect; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower
and longer concave, all bordered, margins recurved, occasionally
serrulate at apex, and slightly decurrent; nerve
sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; lid
small mammillate.

Wet mountainous rocks. S. W. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

306. (15) <sc>B. neodamense.</sc> Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I.
(p. 360.) St. slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate,
reddish and almost naked below, leafy above; l. lower
roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins involute; upper
.bn 121.png
.pn +1
crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins revolute
below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a
long seta.

Southport Sands, where liable to inundation.

.sp 2

307. (16) <sc>B. alpinum.</sc> L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple;
l. imbricate lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex;
caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep red, on a bent and
arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole plant reddish and
shining.

Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

308. (17) <sc>B. Muhlenbeckii.</sc> B. & S. St. ½in. or more;
tufted, branched, radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed,
conical, almost cucullate at apex, margin reflexed;
nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong tapering, pendulous,
reddish brown; lid convex pointed.

Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton).

.sp 2

309. (18) <sc>B. turbinatum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes
branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower,
concave, margins not recurved; nerve not always
reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform pendulous, when dry
contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.

Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>prælongum.</i> st. elongate, l. pale green, caps.
ventricose larger.
.dl-

.sp 2

310. (19) <sc>B. latifolium.</sc> Schl. (<i>B. turbinatum</i>, var. γ,
Bry. Brit.) St. elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate,
broadly oblong acuminate, very concave, shining, serrulate at
apex, margined, nerve excurrent; caps. longer than the last,
.bn 122.png
.pn +1
on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. Syn., 380. Bry.
Eur., <sc>IV.</sc>, t. 372.]

Boggy places. <pm right '<sc>VI.—VIII.</sc>'>

Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay).

.sp 2

311. (20) <sc>B. Duvalii.</sc> Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when
old, elongate, branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate,
decurrent, cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to
apex; per. l. inner lanceolate erect; caps. obovate-oblong
regular pendulous from a long slender seta, contracted at
mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., <sc>IV.</sc>, t. 371.]

Boggy places. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn.

.sp 2

312. (21) <sc>B. pallens.</sc> Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l.
reddish, remote patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent,
keeled, serrulate at apex, margins thickened and recurved,
nerve almost excurrent; caps. oblong pyriform, with a long
tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but not contracted;
lid small convex, pointed.

Near springs and ditches. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>microstomum.</i> “caps, regular, sub-clavate, mouth
smaller.”
.dl-

.sp 2

313. (22) <sc>B. barbatum.</sc> Wils. MS. St. about 1in.
branched, slender, red, and copiously beset with reddish brown
radicles from base to summit; l. sub-erect, ovate,
rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely toothed
subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading,
all concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved;
areolæ very lax and transparent. The only specimen I have
bears no fruit.

Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton).
.bn 123.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. IV.</sc>

314. (23) <sc>B. uliginosum.</sc> B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose,
branched; l. green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends,
margin reflexed below, excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate
unequal pendulous, tapering into the long curved seta;
mouth oblique; lid convex pointed.

Wet places near streams. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

315. (24) <sc>B. pallescens.</sc> Schw. St. 1–2in. branched,
cæspitose, with purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate,
margin reflexed, generally serrate at apex; upper with nerve
scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; caps. pyriform, pendulous,
tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed;
inner perist. with cilia.

Rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>boreale.</i> caps. smaller, sub-erect.

γ. |<i>contextum.</i> st. long, much branched; caps. ventricose,
shorter, sub-pendulous.

δ. |<i>subrotundum.</i> stem and l. smaller; caps. almost
globose; seta curved.
.dl-

.sp 2

316. (25) <sc>B. Sauteri.</sc> B. & S. St. cæspitose, much
branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate,
elongated, very concave, margins plane, nerve
thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at base with hyaline
cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, pendulous
solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., 280.]

Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten).

317. (26) <sc>B. cernuum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted,
branched, very radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve
much excurrent, sometimes serrulate at apex, margins
.bn 124.png
.pn +1
recurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, mouth small, neck
not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner perist.
adherent to outer; annulus large.

Walls and rocks. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

318. (27) <sc>B. inclinatum.</sc> B. & S. St. short, tufted
branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps.
almost elliptical or pyriform, with a small mouth; lid
conical, sharply pointed; perist. inner generally without
cilia, and free.

Walls, banks, and decayed trees. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

319. (28) <sc>B. intermedium.</sc> Brid. St. about ½in. tufted,
branched; l. imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, point sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps.
pyriform narrow sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck;
lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.

Walls and rocks, frequent. <pm right '<sc>VI.—XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

320. (29) <sc>B. bimum.</sc> Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes
branched, with purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate,
shortly apiculate, occasionally serrate at apex, margins
recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at neck, pendulous,
constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex
apiculate.

Wet and boggy places. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>cuspidatum.</i> l. with long bushy points, margined.
Walls, &c.
.dl-

.sp 2

321. (30) <sc>B. torquescens.</sc> B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted,
radiculose; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all
shortly pointed, entire, margin recurved, slightly twisted
.bn 125.png
.pn +1
when dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, sub-pendulous,
neck tapering; lid pointed.

Rocks and walls; rare. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

322. (31) <sc>B. obconicum.</sc> Hornsch. St. short tufted,
branched; l. oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin
recurved, not twisted when dry; caps. obconical, pendulous;
neck long tapering; lid convex apiculate.

Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce). <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

323. (32) <sc>B. capillare.</sc> Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower
ovate-oblong, upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender
points, concave, much contorted when dry, margin bordered
with smaller cellules, reflexed, sometimes serrulate at
apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, pendulous,
only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed.

Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>majus.</i> st. longer, l. broader, and with a wider
margin, caps. larger and thicker. (Wilson
says this is the most frequent English form.)
On walls.

γ. |<i>minus.</i> l. concave imbricate; caps. smaller.

δ. |<i>flaccidum.</i> l. lower, purplish, flaccid, not contorted
when dry, distinctly serrate at apex.
.dl-

.sp 2

324. (33) <sc>B. Donianum.</sc> Grev. St. shorter than last,
branched; l. ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted,
but slightly twisted when dry, margin thickened, serrulate at
apex; caps. long clavate, constricted at mouth when dry,
sub-pendulous, lid pointed.

Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson);
Hurst-pier-point (Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner).
.bn 126.png
.pn +1

325. (34) <sc>B. Billarderii.</sc> Schw. St. ½–1in. branched,
radiculose; l. crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems,
ovate-oblong, serrate and recurved at apex, apiculate, margins
recurved below; caps. pyriform, broadest below the
middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical pointed.

Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

326. (35) <sc>B. cæspiticium.</sc> L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched;
l. ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex,
margin recurved but not thickened, erect when dry, upper
ones largest; caps. oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted
when dry; lid large mammillate.

Walls, rocks, roofs, &c.

.sp 2

327. (36) <sc>B. murale.</sc> Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched;
l. ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane;
loosely imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep
purple or almost black when ripe; neck tapering; lid large
mammillate.

Mortar of old walls. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell).

.sp 2

328. (37) <sc>B. sanguineum.</sc> Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant,
ovate-lanceolate pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins
scarcely recurved; caps. oblong or pyriform pendulous,
blood-red when ripe; lid pointed.

Heathy ground and walls., <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>radiculosum.</i> caps. obconical, seta geniculate at
base.
.dl-

.sp 2

329. (38) <sc>B. erythrocarpon.</sc> Brid. <i>non</i> Schw. (<i>B.
atropurpureum.</i> W. & M.) St. ¼–½in. branched; l. erecto-patent,
ovate concave, pointed, margin reflexed, entire, lower
.bn 127.png
.pn +1
often reddish; caps. oval or oblong, neck not tapering,
pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe; lid conical
pointed.

Banks and walls. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

330. (39) <sc>B. apiculatum</sc> (?) Schw. (There seems some
doubt as to what the barren form found on the Slemish
mountains is; I give Wilson’s description from Bry. Brit.,
p. 245.) “L. erecto-patent when dry, elliptic-lanceolate,
concave, nerved to apex.”

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. V.</sc>

331. (40) <sc>B. julaceum.</sc> Sm. St. 1–3in. tufted, with long
filiform branches; l. ovate or ovate-elliptical, larger above,
concave entire, margin not recurved, not nerved to apex;
caps. oblong-obovate or pyriform, pendulous; lid small,
convex, pointed.

Alpine and sub-alpine wet rocks. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>concinnatum.</i> st. shorter, nerve excurrent into a
recurved point. Near Kennare (Dr. Taylor);
Teesdale (Spruce); Ochills (Lyle).
.dl-

.sp 2

332. (41) <sc>B. argenteum.</sc> L. St. ¼–½in. tufted; in
silvery white patches; l. lower ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate,
all entire except at apex, nerve not reaching pointed tapering
apex; margins not recurved; areolæ very lax; caps. oval-oblong,
reddish purple, pendulous, neck not tapering; lid
faintly pointed.

Roofs, walls, ground, &c. <pm right '<sc>X. VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>majus.</i> st. longer, l. greenish, without points.

γ. |<i>lanatum.</i> smaller, l. with long points, without
chlorophyll, silvery white. Largo, Scotland
(C. Howie).
.dl-
.bn 128.png
.pn +1

333. (42) <sc>B. Funkii.</sc> Schw. Gregarious; st. branched,
branches julaceous; l. crowded at summit of branches; st.
and br. leaves ovate, cochleariform, nerve excurrent into a
short point; comal leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, shortly
cuspidate: areolæ lax; caps. obovate or globoso-pyriform,
inclined on a flexuous seta.

Walls, &c. Sandy shore, Southport (Wilson). <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

334. (43) <sc>B. Zierii.</sc> Dicks. Silvery reddish tufts, st.
½–1in., branches julaceous; l. roundish ovate-acuminate,
entire, margins not recurved, not nerved to apex; areolæ
lax; caps. large clavate-pyriform, gibbous, with a long
slender tapering neck, incurved cernuous; lid small, conical,
acute; inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia.

Crevices of mountainous rocks. E. S. I. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

335. (44) <sc>B. demissum.</sc> Hook. St. ¼in. tufted; l. ovate-acuminate,
erect when dry, margin recurved, nerve generally
excurrent; per. l. lanceolate, with longer points; areolæ
lax; caps. clavate-pyriform, much incurved, cernuous; seta
“curved above like a swan’s neck”; inner perist. longest.

Rocks. Breadalbane Mts.; rare. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. VI.</sc>

336. (45) <sc>B. Tozeri.</sc> Grev. St. ¼–½in. gregarious; l. lower
obovate narrow, upper crowded wider apiculate, all bordered,
entire; nerved (reddish) half way; caps. obovate or pyriform
pendulous; lid conical.

Shady banks, rare in fr. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<sc>Sect. VII.</sc>

337. (46) <sc>B. roseum.</sc> Schreb. St. 1–3in., l. lower, small,
scattered lanceolate; upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate,
.bn 129.png
.pn +1
apiculate, serrate above, margin recurved, nerved nearly
to apex; caps. clavate-oblong or obovate pendulous; lid
mammillate.

Sandy shady banks. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
51. MNIUM. B. & S.

.sp 2
.h4
A. L. sharply serrated.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Margin cartilaginous.

338. <sc>M. affine.</sc> Bland. St. 1–3in. simple, erect,
radiculose; barren shoots procumbent; l. lower oval-lanceolate,
decurrent, scattered, upper much larger, crowded,
oblong-elliptic pointed, border narrow, simply spinuloso-serrate,
nerved nearly or quite to apex; those of barren
stems roundish two-ranked; caps. ovate-oblong pendulous;
lid convex, pointed: dioicous.

Shady woods, banks, walls. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>elatum.</i> stem and seta longer; marshy places.

γ. |<i>rugicum.</i> sterile shoots, erect, shorter; l. shorter,
concave, obtusely serrate.
.dl-

.sp 2

339. <sc>M. cuspidatum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. tufted, erect, radiculose,
barren shoots procumbent; l. lower ovate or obovate,
scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate longer and narrower; all
acuminate, with simply serrate margins; nerved nearly or
quite to apex; caps. ovate, inclined or pendulous; lid
convex obtuse: synoicous.

Shady rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

340. <sc>M. rostratum.</sc> Schr. St. ½–1in. decumbent at
base (barren long erect or creeping); l. lower ovate, upper
.bn 130.png
.pn +1
oval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal spreading tuft, all simply
and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly excurrent into a
mucro; caps. oval, inclined or pendulous; lid with a long
curved beak: synoicous.

Moist shady rocks, &c., common. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

341. <sc>M. riparium.</sc> Mitt. M.S. St. ½–1in., reddish
below; l. orbiculate or broadly elliptical, much decurrent,
apex rounded and tipped with a mucro; lower obscurely
bordered, upper strongly so and simply spinuloso-dentate,
nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex; areolæ large
hexagonal chlorophyllose. (I have no fruited specimen.)

Watery places. Sussex (Mitten).

.sp 2

342. <sc>M. spinosum.</sc> Voigt. St. robust, sub-ligneous;
branches flagelliform sub-arcuate; l. lower small squamiform,
obtuse, margins plane; upper obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate,
larger, crisped when dry; serration bi-geminate,
spinulose, nerve excurrent; caps. oval-oblong, reddish brown,
slightly inclined or horizontal; lid conical, with an obtuse
beak: dioicous.

Roots of trees, and shady sub-alpine rocks. <pm right 'Summer.'>

Ben Lawers (McKinlay).

.sp 2

343. <sc>M. orthorhynchum.</sc> Brid. St. ¼–1in. simple; l.
lower scattered ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate,
doubly spinuloso-serrate; all undulate and
crisped when dry; caps. oval or sub-pyriform horizontal;
lid conical, with a blunt beak: dioicous.

Woods, shady banks, &c. Yorkshire, Sussex. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

344. <sc>M. serratum.</sc> Brid. St. ½–1in. purplish, erect; l.
lower reddish on nerve and border, all varying from lanceolate
.bn 131.png
.pn +1
to ovate, acuminate, doubly spinuloso-serrate; per. l.
lanceolate; caps. ovate or oval, cernuous; lid large conical,
with a short beak: synoicous.

Moist shady rocks and banks. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

345. <sc>M. hornum.</sc> L. St. 1–3in. simple; l. linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, rigid, slightly decurrent, doubly
spinuloso-serrate, nerve also spinulose, not reaching apex;
caps. large oblong-ovate, cernuous; lid convex mammillate;
seta curved at summit: dioicous.

Shady moist banks and woods, common. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

346. <sc>M. undulatum.</sc> Hed. St. 1–3in. decumbent at
base, sometimes branched; l. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper
very long, all undulate, decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved
generally to apex; caps. generally several together, oval or
oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: dioicous.

Moist shady banks and woods. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> L. without a cartilaginous border.

347. <sc>M. stellare.</sc> Hed. St. ½–2in. erect; l. oval-acuminate
or ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent,
scarcely nerved to apex; caps. solitary, ovate, horizontal or
cernuous; lid convex blunt: dioicous. (Does not fruit
with us.)

Shady rocks and banks. Yorkshire, Surrey. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
B. L. nearly entire, not bordered.

348. <sc>M. cinclidioides.</sc> Hueb. St. 2–4in. sometimes
with slender branches; l. lower oval obtuse, scarcely
pointed, upper large oval ligulate obtuse (marginal cells
.bn 132.png
.pn +1
narrower), almost entire, slightly undulate, nerved nearly to
apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid convex pointed: dioicous.

Wet and boggy places on mountains, Clova, &c. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2
.h4
C. L. entire, with a cartilaginous border.

349. <sc>M. punctatum</sc>, Hed. St. ½–3in., erect, radiculose;
l. obovate or roundish obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper
in a somewhat rosaceous tuft; generally nerved to apex;
caps. oval pendulous; lid conical, with a longish beak:
dioicous.

Wet shady places. <pm right '<sc>II. III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

350. <sc>M. subglobosum.</sc> B. & S. St. 1in. or more, erect;
l. obovate or roundish obtuse, not nerved to apex; border
narrow sub-cartilaginous; caps. roundish, contracted at
mouth, sub-pendulous; lid small conical beaked: synoicous.

Marshes and bogs. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
52. CINCLIDIUM. <sc>Swartz.</sc>

351. <sc>C. stygium.</sc> Sw. St. 1–4in. tufted, erect, with
purplish radicles; l. roundish obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid,
very narrow at base, border cartilaginous, nerved to or
beyond apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, pendulous, on a
long seta, lid convex obtuse, sometimes pointed; synoicous.

Bogs. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson). <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
53. MIELICHHOFERIA. N. & H.

352. <sc>M. nitida.</sc> Horn. “L. erecto-patent, larger and
more crowded above, ovate-lanceolate, serrated at apex;
caps. sub-erect pyriform; lid conical, very short.”
.bn 133.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>gracilis.</i> more densely tufted; l. shorter, more
crowded, imbricate; caps. erect. [Wils. Bry.
Brit., p. 263.]
.dl-

Type not British; var. β. only found at head of Glen
Callater, 1830 (Dr. Greville); again in same locality, 1868
(Fergusson and Roy); Ingleby, Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd.)

.sp 2
.h3
54. PALUDELLA. <sc>Ehr.</sc>

353. <sc>P. squarrosa.</sc> Brid. St. 2–6in. radiculose; l.
obovate-lanceolate, pointed, recurved above the middle,
squarrose, nerved to and serrulate at apex, margins recurved
below; caps. elliptic-oblong gibbous, with a short
thick neck, inclined; lid mammillate.

Boggy places. No fr. found in Britain. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2
.h3
55. MEESIA. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

354. <sc>M. uliginosa.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in. radiculose, br.
fastigiate; l. lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer),
entire, margin recurved, scarcely nerved to apex; caps.
pyriform, with a long tapering neck, incurved, inclined; lid
conical truncate; seta very long.

Wet and boggy places. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

[It is very questionable whether <i>M. longiseta</i> has ever
been found in the British Islands.]

.sp 2
.h3
56. AMBLYODON. <sc>P. Beauv.</sc>

355. <sc>A. dealbatus.</sc> P. B. St. ½–1in.; l. lanceolate
broad, acute, margins plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below
which the strong nerve ceases; caps. clavate or pyriform,
incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid conical, seta very long.

Wet mountainous places. S. I. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>
.bn 134.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h3
57. FUNARIA. <sc>Schreb.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
1. Caps. cernuous on a straight seta, annulus none.

356. <sc>F. Hibernica.</sc> Hook. St. ¼–½in.; l. oblong-oval,
gradually tapering to an acutely serrate point, nerved nearly
to apex; caps. pyriform, longer than in next species, on a
seta twisting to left its whole length when dry; lid concave.

Chalky soil. Cork, Matlock, Conway. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

357. <sc>F. Muhlenbergii.</sc> Schw. St. shorter than last;
l. ovate-lanceolate, suddenly tapering to a long bluntly
serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, on a seta
when dry twisted at base to left, above to right; lid convex
obtuse with a reddish border.

Limestone walls, banks, &c. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
2. Caps. furrowed when dry, on a long arcuate\
seta, annulus present.

358. <sc>F. hygromatrica.</sc> Hedw. St. ¼–1in.; l. lower
scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate, concave, clustered into a
bulb-like tuft, nerved to apex, margins reflexed; caps.
broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth oblique, with a corrugate
border; lid convex, with a red border.

Banks and walls, old cinder heaps, &c., common, <pm right '<sc>V.—IX.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>patula.</i> st. slender branched; l. undulate,
spreading, twisted when dry.

γ. |<i>calvescens.</i> seta long and straight; caps. slender,
almost erect.
.dl-

.sp 2

359. <sc>F. microstoma.</sc> B. & S. Habit of last, but
smaller; l. in a comal bud; caps. pyriform, turgid, not much
.bn 135.png
.pn +1
furrowed when dry; mouth very small, with a smooth
border; inner perist. very imperfect.

Damp stony places. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

Maresfield, Sussex, 1864 (Mr. Mitten).

.sp 2
.h3
58. ENTOSTHODON. <sc>Schw.</sc>

360. <sc>E. Templetoni.</sc> Schw. St. about ¼in.; l. lower
distant ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate,
acuminate, not nerved to apex, scarcely serrulate; caps.
clavate-pyriform, upright, neck tapering, lid plano-convex.

Crevices of rocks and shady places. E. S. I. W. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

361. <sc>E. minimum.</sc> Hunt. (Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc.,
Manchester, vol. <sc>V.</sc>, p. 100, 1871–2.) St. ⅛–¼in. erect, gregarious;
l. lower obovate, margin reflexed, nerve thin, not
reaching apex; upper oblong, sub-erect, sub-canaliculate,
margin recurved, crenulate above, nerve strong, nearly
reaching apex; areolæ large elongate hexagonal below,
above shorter; caps. obconical when dry, smooth, with a
distinct neck and wide mouth; seta erect, ⅛–¼in.; perist.
half immersed, of 16 slender linear subulate teeth; dioicous.

Sandstone walls. Glasnevin, Dublin (D. Orr.) <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
59. PHYSCOMITRIUM. <sc>Brid.</sc>

362. <sc>P. ericetorum.</sc> De Not. St. ¼in.; l. lower,
distant, small, upper in a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceolate, with
a thickened distantly serrate margin, not nerved to apex;
caps. small, pyriform, erect, lid almost flat.

Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

363. <sc>P. fasciculare.</sc> B. & S. St. about ½in. tufted;
.bn 136.png
.pn +1
l. ovate-oblong or lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered;
caps. obovate or pyriform, tapering at base; lid convex.

Fallow fields. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

364. <sc>P. pyriforme.</sc> B. & S. St. about ¼in., tufted; l.
lower distant ovate-lanceolate, above spathulate, pointed,
serrate, uppermost longer erect, not nerved to apex; caps.
globose-pyriform erect, mouth small, lid conical, calyptra
sub-persistent, toothed at base.

Moist banks and ditches. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

365. <sc>P. sphœricum.</sc> B. & S. St. scarcely ¼in.; l.
oval-oblong or slightly spathulate, acute, concave, entire;
upper ones largest, nerved nearly to apex; caps. sub-globose,
mouth large; lid large conical; calyp. lobed below.

Dried-up mud. <pm right '<sc>IX.–XI.</sc>'>

Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, Oct., 1870.

.sp 2
.h3
60. BARTRAMIDULA. B. & S.

366. <sc>B. Wilsoni.</sc> B. & S. St. about ¼in. branched;
l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved
nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate above; caps. globoso-pyriform,
generally pendulous, not striate; lid convex or
conical.

Turfy soil on mountains. S. W. I. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
61. BARTRAMIA. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
1. Caps. erect, perist. single.

367. <sc>B. stricta.</sc> Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous
green; l. erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate-subulate,
nerve excurrent into a serrate arista; caps. ovate-globose
.bn 137.png
.pn +1
furrowed when dry, seta four-sided at summit, twisted to
right when dry; lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. Eur.,
<sc>IV.</sc>, t. 316. Schp. Syn., 417.]

On the ground and stones. <pm right 'Early summer.'>

Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten), 1862.

.sp 2
.h4
2. Caps. cernuous, perist. double.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Branches fastigiate. Monoicous.

368. <sc>B. rigida.</sc> Bals. & Not. St. ¼–½in.; br. erect or
recurved; l. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely
serrulate, nerve excurrent, cap., large, sub-spherical, furrowed
when dry, and cernuous; lid conical pointed; seta erect;
inner perist. sometimes imperfect.

Shady banks, mountains. <pm right '<sc>IX. X.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Br. fasciculate: dioicous.

.sp 2
.h6
* L. plicate and sheathing at base.

369. <sc>B. arcuata.</sc> Brid. St. 1–4in., with reddish brown
radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate from a broad erect sheathing
base, scabrous, serrulate, spreading; caps. sub-globose,
almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, furrowed when dry.

Waterfalls and wet rocks. <pm right '<sc>IX. X.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
* * L. not sheathing or plicate. (<i>Philonotis.</i>)

370. <sc>B. (Philonotis) fontana.</sc> Brid. Stem 1–6in.,
with reddish black radicles; l. ovate-acuminate, short and
appressed or lanceolate secund, or spreading and longer
(generally plicate at base), nerve almost excurrent; perig. l.
obtuse, nerveless; caps. sub-globose large, furrowed when
dry.

Springs and wet places. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>
.bn 138.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>alpina.</i> st. short, l. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate.

γ. |<i>falcata.</i> l. falcato-secund, nerve thick.

δ. |<i>pumila.</i> plant smaller in all its parts.
.dl-

.sp 2

371. <sc>B. (Philonotis) cæspitosa.</sc> Wils. MS. St. 1–2in.
reddish, cæspitose, radiculose below; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate
acuminate, gradually tapering from base upwards,
concave, margins sub-serrulate not recurved, nerved to apex,
areolæ lax, largest at basal angles; perig. l. in a stellate tuft,
almost triangular from a very broad base, finely sub-serrulate,
nerved to apex.

Walton swamp, Cheshire (Wilson): male plant only.

.sp 2

372. <sc>B. (Philonotis) adpressa.</sc> Fergusson. “Plant
widely cæspitose, erect, 2–3in. either dull, glaucous green,
or reddish; l. papillose, erect when moist, with one wide
plica on each side of nerve, incurved towards apex, slightly
twisted when dry, widely ovate from an amplexicaul base, not
acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a very slight
mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin
denticulate slightly reflexed; nerve very thick continuous;
areolæ small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the
base.” [G. E. Hunt. Mem. Lit. & Sci. Soc., Manchester,
vol. <sc>V.</sc>, 102, 1872.]

Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal,
Perthshire 2500 ft. (Hunt).

.sp 2

373. <sc>B. (Philonotis) seriata.</sc> Mitt. <i>Musc. Ind.
Orient.</i> “L. spirally arranged, from a sub-erect base,
patent towards apex, ovate acute plicate, margin distinctly
reflexed; areolæ linear above, small and ovoid towards base;
perig. l. from an erect dilated base, widely spreading, cordatetriangular
.bn 139.png
.pn +1
obtuse, areolæ small obscure elongate-quadrangular,
above large linear and reddish at base; nerve thick, indistinct,
continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly
denticulate.” [Hunt. loc. cit., p. 103.]

Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner).

.sp 2

374. <sc>B. (Philonotis) calcarea.</sc> B. & S. St. about
2in.; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle
upwards, concave rigid secund, margin serrulate, not
reflexed, strongly nerved to apex; areolæ large oblong, long
hexagonal at base; perig. l. acute, triangular from a broad
erect base, nerved to apex: caps. sub-globose, inclined or
cernuous.

Wet places. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>c.</i> Branches dichotomous and fastigiate.

.sp 2
.h6
* monoicous.

375. <sc>B. pomiformis.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–2in.; l. spreading
linear-lanceolate, not concave, doubly spinuloso-serrate,
rough, crisp when dry, nerve slightly excurrent; caps. sub-globose,
cernuous, lid small conical.

Dry sandy banks. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>crispa.</i> “l. longer, less crowded, branches often
longer than fruit-stalk.”
.dl-

.sp 2

376. <sc>B. Halleriana.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–3in., radiculose
below; l. spreading or secund, linear-subulate from a broad
pale erect sheathing base, rough, serrate, nerve excurrent;
caps. sub-globose, on a short curved seta.

Moist alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>
.bn 140.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h6
* * Synoicous.

377. <sc>B. gracilis.</sc> Floerke, 1799. (<i>B. Oederi</i>, Swartz,
1800). St. 1–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate, recurved from an
erect, not sheathing base, crisped when dry, margins recurved,
serrate above, keeled, smooth; caps. small globose,
oblique, lid convex.

Moist shady rocks. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

378. <sc>B. ithyphylla.</sc> Brid. St. ½–2in.; l. from an
erect broad base sharply bent back and lanceolate-subulate,
rigid, serrulate, not crisped when dry, broadly nerved to
apex; caps. globose, almost erect or cernuous.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
62. CONOSTOMUM. <sc>Swartz.</sc>

379. <sc>C. boreale.</sc> Swartz. St. ½–2in. tufted, radiculose;
l. imbricate lanceolate acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve
excurrent into a mucro; caps. globose, gibbous, cernuous;
lid large beaked.

Summits of Scotch mountains. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
63. CATASCOPIUM. <sc>Brid.</sc>

380. <sc>C. nigritum.</sc> Brid. St. 1in. or more (Wilson says
2–6in. or more), radiculose; l. lanceolate acute, margin
reflexed entire, nerved nearly to apex; upper ones largest;
caps. small globose, dark-coloured or black, cernuous; lid
small conical.

Moist alpine rocks, &c.

Wilson says “fruits March (?)” My specimen from Fife
is August.
.bn 141.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h3
64. DISCELIUM. <sc>Brid.</sc>

381. <sc>D. nudum.</sc> Brid. Stemless; l. few, ovate-lanceolate,
entire, concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried;
seta ½–1in.; caps. sub-globose reddish, cernuous, small; lid
conical acute.

Clay banks and beds. <pm right '<sc>II.–IV.</sc>'>

Near Manchester (Cayley); Todmorden (Hobkirk).

.sp 2
.h3
65. SPLACHNUM. B. & S.

382. <sc>S. vasculosum.</sc> L. Stem ¼–1in. radiculose; l.
roundish ovate, obtuse, or ovate-acuminate, entire, narrow at
base, not nerved to apex, areolæ lax; caps. small cylindrical
on a large globular apophysis; lid convex: dioicous.

Elevated wet places. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

383. <sc>S. ampullaceum.</sc> L. St. about 1in.; l. lower
lanceolate, upper larger obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all
serrate or sometimes entire, acuminate, nerved nearly to
apex; areolæ lax; seta dilated above into a turbinate
apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps.; the whole
shaped like the ancient <i>ampulla</i>; lid conical; mono- or
dioicous.

On dung in peaty places. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

384. <sc>S. sphœricum.</sc> Hedw. St. ½–1in.; l. roundish
obovate, acuminate, scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved
nearly to apex; apophysis not tapering, roundish ovate,
about same width as cylindrical capsule; lid mammillate:
dioicous.

Dung in moist peaty places. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>
.bn 142.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h3
66. TETRAPLODON. B. & S.

385. <sc>T. mnioides.</sc> B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. sub-erect
obovate or nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a
long piliferous point, concave, entire, nerved to apex; caps.
elliptical on a large obovate apophysis of about same width;
lid conical obtuse.

Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

386. <sc>T. angustatus.</sc> B. & S. St. ½–2in. tufted; l. sub-erect,
ovate-lanceolate concave, narrowed into long tapering
points, serrate; caps. ovate on an obconical apophysis; lid
conical obtuse.

Dung on mountains, rare. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
67. TAYLORIA. <sc>Hooker.</sc>

387. <sc>T. serrata.</sc> B. & S. St. scarcely 1in.; l. erecto-patent,
recurved above, oblong-obovate, lower ovate-lanceolate
acuminate, serrate above, not nerved to apex; caps. oval on
a long tapering apophysis; lid convex obtuse.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. γ. |<i>tenuis.</i> “l. broader and shorter, caps. smaller
on a more slender stalk, much contracted
when dry, columella exserted.” Wils.
.dl-

Normal form not found in Britain—only var. γ on turfy
soil on Scotch mountains. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
68. DISSODON. <sc>Grev.</sc>

388. <sc>D. Froelichianus.</sc> Grev. “St. cæspitose or
scattered; l. ovate-oblong obtuse, nerve ceasing below
apex; caps. (with apophysis) clavato-pyriform; lid conical;
teeth of perist. in pairs.” [Wils. Bry. Brit., 296.]

Doubtful native; said to have been found on Ben High,
.bn 143.png
.pn +1
Aberdeen, by Mr. Dickson, but the specimen in Herb.
Turner is not certain.

389. <sc>D. splachnoides.</sc> Grev. St. 1–4in. radiculose;
l. erecto-patent, oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin
plane, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate with a short
tapering neck; lid conical pointed; columella exserted
when dry.

Wet mountainous bogs. <pm right 'Scotland.       <sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
69. ŒDIPODIUM. <sc>Schw.</sc>

390. <sc>Œ. Griffithianum.</sc> Schw. St. ¼–½in, tufted;
barren often much longer; l. obovate-roundish, obtuse,
fringed below, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate or pyriform,
neck tapering into a thick succulent seta; lid convex
obtuse.

Crevices of mountainous rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
70. SCHISTOSTEGA. <sc>Mohr.</sc>

391. <sc>S. osmundacea.</sc> W. & M. St. ¼–½in.; l. bifarious,
insertion vertical, lanceolate, pale green; caps. small, sub-globose,
mouth large; lid convex; young plant, when
growing in caves, emitting a beautiful golden green light.

Sandstone caves and banks, not rare. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
71. FISSIDENS. <sc>Hedw.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
I. Fructif. terminal.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

392. <sc>F. exilis.</sc> Hedw. St. ⅛in. simple; l. few, lower
small ovate, upper lanceolate-oblong oblique, acute, margin
not bordered, serrulate, nerved to apex, dorsal wing not
.bn 144.png
.pn +1
reaching to base of leaf; caps. elliptic-oblong, erect, lid
conical obliquely rostrate.

Shady banks and woods, not frequent. E. S. I. <pm right '<sc>I.—III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

393. <sc>F. viridulus.</sc> L. St. ¼in. about; l. lanceolate
acute, entire, bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not
reaching to base, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oval-oblong
erect; lid conical with a blunt point; perist. immersed;
barren fl. on a short branch.

Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c. <pm right '<sc>VIII. IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

394. <sc>F. incurvus.</sc> Schw. St. ¼in. about, ascending from
a decumbent base; l. lanceolate oblong apiculate, narrowly
margined, nerve ceasing near the serrate apex; caps. oval
oblique, curved, rarely erect, lid conical rostellate; perist.
not immersed; barren fl. sessile at base of stem. [Schp.
Syn. 104.]

Shady banks, Cheshire; Hurst-pier-point. <pm right '<sc>II. III.</sc>'>

.pm hanging8begin
var. <i>Lylei.</i> l. scarcely margined, narrow; perist.
immersed. Cheshire, rare.
.pm hangingend

.sp 2

395. <sc>F. pusillus.</sc> Wils. St. shorter; l. erect, acute,
narrow; caps. sub-erect; perist. immersed.

Sandstone rocks.

.sp 2

396. <sc>F. crassipes.</sc> Wils. St. ¼–¾in.; plant more
robust; l. larger, broader, and more numerous; caps. obovate-roundish on a short seta, erect.

Sluices. Sandford, near Oxford. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

397. <sc>F. bryoides.</sc> Hedw, St. ¼–½in.; l. lanceolate
.bn 145.png
.pn +1
apiculate, with a thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to,
and broad at, the base, strongly nerved to or beyond apex;
caps. elliptical erect, symmetrical; lid conical, acutely rostellate;
barren fl. axillary.

Shady banks, frequent. <pm right '<sc>I.—III.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

398. <sc>F. osmundioides.</sc> Hedw. St. 1–2in. tufted, erect,
radiculose; l. lower scattered, small, upper larger crowded,
ovate-lanceolate obtuse, apiculate, margin not thickened,
almost entire, not nerved to apex, the latter sometimes
toothed; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect; lid large convex
rostrate.

Wet mountainous rocks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

399. <sc>F. asplenioides.</sc> Hedw. St. (in var. β. only found
in Britain) 3–12in.; l. linear-lanceolate or ligulate entire,
obtuse, incurved when dry; caps. sub-erect obovate, slightly
incurved; lid rostrate, as long as capsule; barren fl. axillary
or terminal.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>polyphyllos.</i> “branches arcuate, l. wider, rather
acute, more strongly nerved, serrulate at apex,
barren fl. numerous axillary.” [Wils. Bry.
Brit.] Moist shady rocks on mountains.
W. I.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
II. Fructif. lateral.

400. <i>F. adiantoedes.</i> Hedw. St. 1–2in. branched,
leafy; l. ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, dentate at
apex, nerved almost or quite to apex; border sometimes
.bn 146.png
.pn +1
thickened; caps. oval-oblong, constricted at mouth when
dry, cernuous; lid with a long beak: monoicous.

Shady wet rocks and bogs. <pm right '<sc>X.–IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

401. <sc>F. taxifolius.</sc> Hedw. St. about ½in. fasciculate
from base; l. lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate,
nerved almost to apex; caps. almost ovate, inclined on
a seta curved at summit, and inserted at base of stem, lid
large convex with a long oblique beak: monoicous.

Moist shady banks. <pm right '<sc>XII.—II.</sc>'>

.sp 2

402. <sc>F. decipiens.</sc> De Not. St. about ½in. fasciculate
from base; l. lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate
patulous, oblong-ligulate acute or mucronulate, dorsal wing
narrow, nerve strongly excurrent, excavate; the cultriform
lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, longer than half the
leaf, upper part strongly serrate; caps. ovate, somewhat
constricted at base, erect or inclined; lid large rounded
beaked: dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital. 1869,
p. 480.]

Damp rocks and old walls.

.sp 2

403. <sc>F. tamarindifolius.</sc> Donn. St. about ½in. fasciculate,
slender; l. elliptical “sub-falciform apiculate,” with an
entire pellucid cartilaginous border, nerved to apex; caps.
ovate-oblong curved inclined; lid short conical, with a
bluntish point.

Banks, &c. <pm right '<sc>II. III.</sc>'>
.bn 147.png
.pn +1

.sp 4
.h2
DIVISION II. PLEUROCARPI.
.sp 2

72. ANŒCTANGIUM. B. & S.

404. <sc>A. compactum.</sc> Schw. St. 1–4in. densely tufted,
slender; l. short, lanceolate spreading from an erect base,
acuminate, slightly serrulate near the base only, nerved to or
beyond apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; lid long convex,
with a slender oblique beak.

Crevices of moist alpine rocks. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.sp 2

405. <sc>A. Hornschuchianum.</sc> Hoppe. “St. elongate
cæspitose; l. linear-subulate from a dilated base, channelled,
entire; caps. roundish-pyriform: lid rostrate.” Wils. “L.
upper part of dilated base is always more or less distinctly
crenate or serrulate, from thence to the apex entire.” W.
Mitten, Jour. of Bot., vol. <sc>V.</sc>, p. 329. [Mr. Mitten refers
Dr. Taylor’s plant from Ireland to <i>Tortula Hibernica</i>, by
which name it is described under that genus.]

.sp 2
.h3
73. LEUCODON. <sc>Schw.</sc>

406. <sc>L sciuroides.</sc> Schw. St. or branches 1in. from a
creeping rhizome; l. imbricate, ovate, entire, tapering to a
point, plicate, somewhat secund; per. l. longer, all nerveless;
caps. long elliptical erect; lid conical beaked.

Trees, walls, rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

407. <sc>L. Lagurus.</sc> Hook. St. ½–1in., tomentous; l.
ovate, suddenly contracted to a piliferous point, concave,
serrulate near apex, nerved half way; caps. cylindrical;
lid with a short curved beak.

Trees and rocks.
.bn 148.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>borealis.</i> “st. not tomentous; l. auriculate and
serrate at base, more concave and more suddenly
attenuated, with longer points; faintly
two-nerved at base only.” Wils. N. Uist,
Hebrides, 1851.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
74. ANTITRICHIA. <sc>Brid.</sc>

408. <sc>A. curtipendula.</sc> Brid. St. 3–8in. straggling,
pinnately branched; l. ovate, concave, sharply curved to a
roughly toothed point, which ends in a double hook in the
younger ones, nerved half way, margins recurved; caps.
roundish elliptical drooping; lid with an oblique beak.

Rocks and trees. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
75. LEPTODON. <sc>Brid.</sc>

409. <sc>L. Smithii.</sc> Brid. St. 1–3in. creeping, branches
pinnate or bipinnate; l. ovate, rounded and obtuse at apex,
entire, margin recurved below, nerved more than half way;
per. l. erect ovate-subulate; caps. elliptical horizontal on a
short curved seta; lid with an oblique beak.

Trees. Devon, &c. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
76. ANOMODON. H. & T.

410. <sc>A. viticulosus.</sc> H. & T. St. 1–2in. from a creeping
rhizome rigid; l. more or less secund or spreading from an
ovate base lingulate or subulate, obtuse, entire, nerve pellucid,
almost reaching apex; caps. almost cylindrical erect, on a
yellowish seta; lid large conical rostrate.

Shady limestone rocks, trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

411. <sc>A. attenuatus.</sc> Hueb. (<i>Hypnum</i>, Schreb. <i>Leskea</i>,
Hedwig.) St. 1–2in. procumbent with incurved branches;
.bn 149.png
.pn +1
l. imbricate, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate from a
narrow base, acute, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. narrower
nerveless; areolæ minute opaque; caps. cylindrical erect;
lid conical, with an oblique beak: dioicous.

Damp rocks and rotten tree trunks. Den of Airlie,
Forfarshire (Fergusson), 1868.

.sp 2

412. <sc>A. longifolius.</sc> Hartm. Rhizomes slenderer than
No. 410, branches sub-fasciculate; l. somewhat secund, from
an ovate base lanceolate tapering, very acute, nerved to apex;
caps. ovate-oblong on a short seta; lid large conical
rostellate.

Scotch mountains; fr. not found in Britain. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.sp 2
.h3
77. HABRODON. <sc>Schp.</sc>

413. <sc>H. Notarisii.</sc> Schpr. (<i>Pterogonium perpusillum</i>,
De Not.) St. creeping, irregularly branched; l. spreading
squarrose opaque, imbricate and shining when dry, from an
ovate base longly acuminate, nerveless, entire; per. l.
internal with erose margins; caps. oval-oblong erect,
slightly striate, and contracted at mouth when dry; lid
conical erose. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. <sc>III. IV.</sc>]

Trunks of elm and white thorn. <pm right 'Spring.'>

Windermere and Devon (J. Nowell); Killin, Perthshire
(A. McKinlay), July, 1865; Ben Lawers (Hunt).

.sp 2
.h3
78. PTEROGONIUM. <sc>Swartz.</sc>

414. <sc>Pt. filiforme.</sc> Hedw. St. creeping, with incurved
fasciculate branches; l. imbricate or secund, elliptical, concave,
papillose at back, serrulate at pointed apex, margin
.bn 150.png
.pn +1
recurved; nerved half way, or shortly two-nerved at base;
caps. elliptical erect; lid conical, obliquely rostrate.

Mountainous rocks and tree trunks. S. I. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

415. <sc>Pt. gracile.</sc> Sw. Rhizome creeping, with arcuate
stems, and incurved fasciculate branches; l. spreading,
(appressed when dry) ovate, concave, acute, serrate near
apex, margin not recurved, slightly two-nerved at base;
caps. oblong, longer and thicker than last; lid conical,
shorter, not rostrate.

Shady sub-alpine rocks and walls, and trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
79. ISOTHECIUM. <sc>Brid.</sc>

416. <sc>I. myurum.</sc> Dill. St. 1–2in. from a creeping stoloniferous
rhizome, with fasciculate branches; l. elliptical
concave, not tapering but serrulate at apex, nerved half
way, singly or forked; per. l. erect; caps. ovate, erect, with
a long rostrate lid: dioicous.

Trees and rocks. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
80. CLIMACIUM. W. & M.

417. <sc>C. dendroides.</sc> W. & M. St. 1–3in. erect, with long
spreading branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, serrulate at apex:
st. l. acute, br. l. obtuse, nerved nearly to apex; per. l. nerveless,
entire; caps. erect ovate-oblong, with a pointed beak.

Boggy places. <pm right '<sc>X.–I.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
81. CYLINDROTHECIUM. <sc>Bry. Eur.</sc>

418. <sc>C. Montagnei.</sc> Bry. Eur. Müller. St. 1–2in.,
branches pinnate, recurved, cuspidate; l. elliptical acute
entire, rather obtuse, faintly two-nerved at base, margin
recurved below; marginal basal cells large and pellucid;
.bn 151.png
.pn +1
caps. cylindrical, erect, on a long seta, and with a blunt lid:
dioicous.

Limestone hills. S. E. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.sp 2
.h3
82. LESKEA. <sc>Hed.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
A. L. not striate.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> l. nerveless, or faintly two-nerved.

419. <sc>L. moniliformis.</sc> Wahl. St. ½in. slender tufted,
branched; l. imbricate, nearly round, obtuse, very concave,
nerveless, denticulate at base; per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps.
almost erect, small, oval-oblong, with a short beak.

Alpine rocks. E. S. I. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

420. <sc>L. apiculata.</sc> Hueb. [<i>Myurella.</i>] Loosely cæspitose,
soft and fragile; l. loosely imbricate or patent,
ovate, very concave, often with a recurved apiculus, opaque;
perist. pale, small. [Bryol. Eur., v. t. 560.]

Moist rocky ground. Ben Lawers. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

421. <sc>L. micans.</sc> Wils. [<i>Hypnum.</i> Bry. Brit. 402.] St.
prostrate, very slender, filiform, branched; l. almost orbicular,
concave, apiculate, serrulate, sometimes faintly two-nerved
at base; fruit not known.

Shady rocks. S. of Ireland.

.sp 2

422. <sc>L. polyantha.</sc> Hedw. Stem short creeping,
branched; branches incurved above; l. crowded sub-secund,
ovate-acuminate, suddenly apiculate, with apiculus sometimes
slightly serrulate, nerveless; caps. elliptic-oblong erect,
broader below, with a conical bluntish lid and long calyptra:
monoicous.

Trees. E. S. W. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>
.bn 152.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> l. nerved.

423. <sc>L. pulvinata.</sc> Wahl. St. ½in. procumbent, slenderly
branched; l. imbricate elliptic-ovate, narrowed below,
concave entire, nerved half way, or two-nerved at base;
areolæ large, almost hexagonal; per. l. nerveless; caps.
almost erect, oval-oblong; lid conical pointed, falling early:
monoicous.

Roots of trees near rivers, &c. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

424. <sc>L. polycarpa.</sc> Ehr. St. longer, densely tufted;
almost pinnately branched; l. imbricate, sub-secund, ovate,
tapering, stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin entire,
reflexed below; per. l. erect, striate; caps. cylindrical, erect,
lid conical acute: monoicous.

Roots of trees. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>paludosa</i>, generally more lax; caps. longer.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h4
B. L. striate.

425. <sc>L. sericea.</sc> Dill. St. 1in. or more, creeping,
branched; branches erect, curved; l. imbricate, sub-secund,
lanceolate, long tapering, scarcely nerved to apex; areolæ
very narrow; caps. almost erect, cylindrical, tapering above,
on a rough seta; lid conical, obliquely beaked: dioicous.

Walls, rocks, and trunks of trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.–III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

426. <sc>L. rufescens.</sc> Hall. St. 1–3in. erect, branched,
with reddish brown foliage; l. imbricate, almost erect, lanceolate,
long tapering, often almost piliferous, nerveless,
margins plane; caps. generally erect cylindrical, on a long
smooth seta; lid shortly conical: dioicous.

Moist shady alpine rocks. S. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>
.bn 153.png
.pn +1

427. <sc>L. subrufa.</sc> Wils. St. about 1in. or less, erect,
branched; foliage, young green, older brownish; l. almost
erect, sub-secund, lanceolate, long tapering, nerveless, entire;
caps. ovate, tapering below, almost erect; lid conical pointed;
dioicous. Fruit not found in Britain.

Sub-alpine rocks. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2
.h3
83. HYPNUM. <sc>Dill.</sc>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> I. <sc>Thuyidium.</sc> St. erect, pinnate or bipinnate,\
with numerous branched villi; l. densely\
papillose on the back; nerve single.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> St. simply pinnate.

428. <sc>H. (Thuyidium.) abietinum.</sc> Dill. St. 2–4in.
rigid, reddish, not always erect; br. slightly drooping
crowded; l. imbricate, erecto-patent, more or less secund;
st. l. ovate or cordate acuminate, serrulate near apex, plicate;
br. l. narrower, less plicate; all papillose on back and keel,
nerved nearly to apex; areolæ dot-like; caps. oblong-cylindrical,
arcuate, cernuous; lid conical: dioicous.

Alpine rocks, chalk hills, &c. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

429. <sc>H. (Thuyidium) Blandovii.</sc> W. & M. St. 3in.
erect, flexible; br. slender, spreading; l. loosely imbricate,
erect from a spreading base, broadly ovate or sub-cordate,
acute, narrowed at base almost to a pedicel, keeled, serrulate,
not papillose on keel, thinly nerved nearly to apex, margin
recurved: areolæ larger, sub-hexagonal; caps. oblong,
curved, cernuous; lid conical, with a blunt point: monoicous.

Bogs, rare. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>
.bn 154.png
.pn +1

430. <sc>H. (Thuyidium) decipiens.</sc> De Not. (<i>H. rigidulum.</i>
Ferg.) St. 2–4in. rigid, villous, with short attenuate
branches; st. l. distant, sub-squarrose, deltoid-ovate, suddenly
acuminate auricled, concave serrate, papillose on both
sides, sometimes secund above; br. l. smaller, crowded,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, spreading or secund, nerved half way
or more; areolæ large hexagonal and pellucid at base,
above oval-elongate confused (Fergusson).

Springs and streams. Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirton), 1866;
Clova, 2800 ft. (Fergusson), 1868; Auchinblae, 800 ft. (Sim
and Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire, 2500 ft. (G. E.
Hunt). All barren.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> St. bi- or tri-pinnate: dioicous.

431. <sc>H. (Thuyidium) delicatulum.</sc> L. St. elongate,
erect or procumbent, bipinnate; br. drooping, often rooting
at apex; l. broadly cordate or ovate-acuminate, sub-striate,
papillose or muricate on back and keel, nerved nearly to
apex, which is finely serrulate; caps. sub-cylindrical curved,
cernuous, pale brown, lid large conical, not rostrate.

Limestone and chalk rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

432. <sc>H. (Thuyidium) tamariscinum.</sc> Hedw. St. elongate,
arched, procumbent, interruptedly tri-pinnate; br. not
rooting; st. l. cordate acuminate, plicate; br. l. ovate,
obtuse; all papillose at back, but not so much so as last;
serrulate near and nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong-cylindrical,
curved, cernuous, purplish red; lid large conical,
with a long beak.

Woods and banks, frequent. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>
.bn 155.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> II. <sc>Ptychodium.</sc> Branches sub-pinnate; l.\
patent and secund, often deeply sulcate, thinly\
nerved to apex; areolæ shortly linear, quadrate\
at the angles; caps. cernuous, horizontal, ovate;\
per. teeth dense and narrow, lamellose, cilia\
rudimentary.

.sp 2

433. <sc>H. (Ptychodium) plicatum.</sc> Schl. St. creeping,
tomentous; branches ascending incurved; l. ovate, imbricate,
pointed, margin recurved; per. l. twice as large; caps. ovate-oblong,
small, on a half-inch reddish seta: dioicous.

Alpine rocks. S. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc> (?)'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> III. <sc>Camptothecium.</sc> Stems trailing in\
part, sub-erect, branched; l. silky, striate, thinly\
nerved, areolæ narrowly linear; caps. cernuous,\
on a smooth or rough incurved seta; lid shortly\
rostrate or conical; internal perist. with long\
cilia.

.sp 2

434. <sc>H. (Camptothecium) lutescens.</sc> Dill. St. about
3in. irregularly branched, sometimes pinnate; l. narrowly
lanceolate, tapering to a long point, entire, nerved nearly to
apex; caps. oblong arcuate, on a rough seta; lid conical,
beaked: monoicous.

Rocks and woods (limestone and sandstone). <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

435. <sc>H. (Camptothecium) nitens.</sc> Dill. St. 2–4in.
erect, almost pinnate, radiculose; branches short spreading;
l. erecto-patent, lanceolate, long tapering, acute, not nerved
to apex, entire, margin recurved; caps, arcuate oblong, on a
long smooth seta; lid conical: dioicous.

Bogs. E. S. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>
.bn 156.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> IV. <sc>Brachythecium.</sc> Plants upright or\
prone, irregularly branched; l. silky, patent or\
sub-secund, more or less decurrent, thinly\
nerved, striate; areolæ narrowly hexagono-rhomboid,\
generally quadrate at basal angles;\
caps. ovate, sub-globose, or oblong, often turgid,\
lid conical.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> Seta smooth.

436. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) Mildeanum.</sc> Schp. St. ½ to
1in. erect branched; l. sub-erect, long lanceolate, gradually
tapering from a broadish base into a long slender point,
almost piliferous, plicate when dry, margins plane, thinly
nerved more than half way; areolæ long and narrow, broader
at base and quadrate at basal angles; caps. obovate-oblong
or unsymmetrical, much curved cernuous, constricted at
mouth when dry, on a red twisted seta; lid conical, tapering
to a blunt apex, tipped with an apiculus.

Sands. Southport, Fifeshire, Dublin, Cornwall. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

437. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) salebrosum.</sc> Hoffm. St. 1–2in.
procumbent sub-pinnate; l. shortly ovate-acuminate,
serrulate, only slightly striate, nerved more than half way;
caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid conical, scarcely beaked:
monoicous.

Trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

Near Kirkham Abbey, Yorks. (R. Spruce); Sussex
(Mitten).

.sp 2

438. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) glareosum.</sc> Bruch. St. about
2in. sub-procumbent, branches sometimes sub-pinnate; l.
erecto-patent from an ovate base, gradually tapering into a
.bn 157.png
.pn +1
long slender, sometimes twisted, sub-serrulate apex, margin
reflexed below; caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous arcuate; lid
conical, with a distinct beak: dioicous.

Woods and shady banks. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

439. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) albicans.</sc> Dill. St. about
2in. upright; l. spreading, appressed when dry, ovate-acuminate,
concave, entire, nerved more than half way; caps.
ovate small, scarcely curved, cernuous, on a slender seta;
young foliage pale green, greyish brown below: dioicous.

Sandy grassy places. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> Seta rough.

440. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) velutinum.</sc> Dill. St. short
creeping, with erect branches; l. sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate,
prolonged into a short serrulate taper point; nerved half
way or more, margin reflexed below; per. l. almost piliferous;
caps. roundish ovate cernuous; lid conical pointed;
monoicous.

Walls, sandy hedge banks, roots of trees, &c. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

441. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) reflexum.</sc> Seliger. St. more
or less arched, procumbent, and rooting at extremities;
branches sub-pinnate, slender, incurved; l. shortly ovate-cordate,
acuminate, serrate, nerved almost or quite to apex,
margin reflexed, areolæ large; caps. small, roundish ovate,
horizontal; lid conical pointed: monoicous.

Scottish mountains. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

442. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) rutabulum.</sc> Dill. St. long,
loosely tufted, procumbent, and rooting at extremities, with
erect branches; l. ovate, concave, acuminate, serrulate,
striate when dry; thinly nerved, above half way; caps.
.bn 158.png
.pn +1
ovate-oblong, arcuate, cernuous on a very rough seta; lid
bluntly pointed: monoicous.

Banks, walls, and trees. Common. <pm right '<sc>IX.—III.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. δ. |<i>plumulosum.</i> Sch. l. narrower, tapering, not
acuminate. Sands, Southport.
.dl-

.sp 2

443. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) campestre.</sc> B. & S. St.
loosely cæspitose, prostrate or ascending, much branched; l.
erecto-patent, longly ovate-lanceolate, more or less subulato-acuminate,
serrulate, thinly nerved more than half way,
plicate, shining; per. l. recurved squarrose from the middle,
piliferous; caps. oblong-cylindrical sub-arcuate, on a slightly
roughened seta. (Sch. Synopsis, 543.)

Grassy places, fields, &c. <pm right 'Winter and Spring.'>

Maresfield, Sussex (Mr. Mitten); Spec, in Herb. Kew.
“Newchurch, Over, Cheshire, W. W. Dec. 13, 1837.”

.sp 2

444. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) rivulare.</sc> Bruch. St.
arched, slender; branches slender, incurved, sub-pinnate; l.
deltoid-ovate, gradually tapering, not suddenly acuminate,
serrate, nerved above half way, decurrent: caps. short
roundish ovate arcuate, cernuous; lid large conical acute
rostellate: dioicous.

Stones, &c., by rivulets in shady woods; sometimes in
water, when the st. are often very elongate. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

445. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) populeum.</sc> Hedw. St.
creeping, sub-pinnate; l. narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering
to a long serrulate point, margin reflexed, nerved to apex;
caps. small roundish ovate, slightly cernuous or nearly erect;
lid conical, very acute, sub-persistent on the ripe fruit:
monoicous.

Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. <pm right '<sc>IX.—II.</sc>'>
.bn 159.png
.pn +1

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>nutans.</i> Brid. branches longer, caps. distinctly
cernuous.
.dl-

.sp 2

446. <sc>H. (Brachythecium) plumosum.</sc> Swartz. St.
creeping; branches long, frequently erect, sub-pinnate; l.
ovate, concave, acuminate, sub-secund, serrulate near apex,
nerved above half way; caps. small roundish ovate, cernuous,
seta roughish at summit only; lid conical acute: monoicous.

Sub-alpine shady rocks, stones in rivulets, walls, &c. <pm right '<sc>X.—III</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> <sc>V. Scleropodium</sc>. Areolation vermicular,\
slightly dilated and excavate at angles; caps. on\
a rough seta, sub-erect or cernuous, turgid,\
ovate or oblong and sub-incurved.

447. <sc>H. (Scleropodium) cæspitosum.</sc> Wils. St.
densely tufted, creeping; branches slender, short, incurved;
l. sub-secund, ovate, small, concave, serrulate, nerved above
half way; caps. sub-cylindrical, slightly arcuate, sub-erect;
lid long rostellate; dioicous.

Damp walls and roots of trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Sussex.

.sp 2

448. <sc>H. (Scleropodium) illecebrum.</sc> L. St. procumbent,
sometimes sub-pinnate, branches incurved obtuse; l.
roundish ovate, pointed, very concave, imbricate, serrulate,
tip slightly recurved; nerve reaching above half way, its tip
slightly projecting from back of leaf; caps. ovate-oblong
cernuous, somewhat ventricose; lid bluntly conical apiculate:
dioicous.

Banks and rocks near the sea. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

Hampshire, Anglesea.
.bn 160.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> VI. <sc>Eurynchium.</sc> More or less pinnately\
branched; areolæ narrowly rhomboid or sub-vermicular,\
dilated at the angles; caps. cernuous\
and horizontal, on a smooth or rough seta; lid\
with a long beak.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> <i>Striatæ.</i> l. sub-scariose, shining, more or less distinctly\
sulcate; areolæ long and narrow.

.sp 2
.h6
1. Seta smooth.

449. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) myosuroides.</sc> L. (<i>Isothecium
myosuroides.</i> Bry. Brit. 323.) St. slender; branches fasciculate
incurved; l. somewhat spreading, from an ovate base
lanceolate acuminate, serrulate, nerved more than half way;
caps. elliptic-oblong, more or less inclined, on a twisted or
curved seta; lid conical, with a short beak: dioicous.

Trunks of trees and rocks. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

450. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) strigosum.</sc> Hoffm. St. 1in.
sub-erect or creeping, scarcely pinnate; l. roundish ovate or
cordate, concave, rather obtuse, serrate, nerved above half
way, margin recurved below; caps. sub-cylindrical, curved,
small; lid conical, with a longish curved beak: parasitico-monoicous.

Roots of trees, rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

Cornwall (Tozer in Herb. Hook.) <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

451. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) dimorphum.</sc> Brid. St. 1–2in.
procumbent, branches very slender, more or less pinnate; st.
l. ovate-acuminate, spreading recurved; br. l. ovate,
concave obtuse, sub-erect, all serrulate and shortly two-nerved;
areolæ quadrate on margin, the rest larger, longer
.bn 161.png
.pn +1
and less opaque; caps. oblong, almost horizontal; lid
conical, without beak: dioicous.

Ben Lawers. Barren. <pm right 'Summer (?)'>

.sp 2

452. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) catenulatum.</sc> Schwg. St. about
½in. creeping, with erect very slender branches; l. very
small, ovate acute, entire concave, margin recurved below,
broadly nerved half way or more; caps. oval-oblong slightly
curved, sub-erect or cernuous; lid large, with a distinct
beak: dioicous.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.
.rj
 <pm right 'Summer.'>

Scotland; Yorkshire. Fr. not known in Britain.

.sp 2

453. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) heteropterum.</sc> Bruch. St.
procumbent, more or less pinnate, often rooting at apex; l.
ovate-acuminate, small, more or less secund, denticulate,
somewhat papillose at back; nerved singly half way, or
short and forked; caps. oblong, scarcely curved, almost
erect; lid with a long beak: dioicous.

Moist rocks near waterfalls. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

Ireland, Wales, Todmorden.

.sp 2

454. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) circinnatum.</sc> Brid. St. short,
sub-erect arched: branches curved and drooping; l. very
small ovate, pointed, sub-secund, serrulate at apex, thickly
nerved nearly to apex; areolæ oval, smaller and quadrate at
base; caps. oblong cernuous, curved; lid large, with a
long oblique or curved beak: dioicous.

Shady limestone rocks and walls. <pm right '<sc>III.</sc>'>

.sp 2

455. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) striatulum.</sc> Spruce. St. short
creeping, tufted; branches short crowded, erect; l. erecto-patent,
ovate, long taper pointed, serrate, sub-striate,
.bn 162.png
.pn +1
strongly nerved more than half way; basal areolæ opaque
minute; caps. oblong cernuous; lid roundish, with a long
pointed beak: dioicous.

Shady limestone rocks and roots of trees. <pm right '<sc>XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

456. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) striatum.</sc> Hedw. Much larger
than the last in all its parts; stems loosely tufted, arched,
sub-pinnate; branches drooping; l. gradually tapering from
a broad cordate base, almost squarrose, serrate, striate,
nerved more than half way; caps. almost cylindrical, curved,
cernuous; lid large, with a long slender curved beak:
dioicous.

Woods and shady banks. <pm right '<sc>XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
2. Seta rough.

457. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) crassinervium.</sc> Tayl. St.
creeping, branches erect; l. spreading ovate, sharply
pointed serrate concave, margin reflexed, nerve thick,
reaching more than half way, sometimes forked: caps.
elliptic-oblong small curved, cernuous; lid large, with a very
long slender oblique beak; dioicous.

Shady limestone rocks. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

458. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) piliferum.</sc> Vaill. St. 2–3in.
slender, procumbent, branched; l. imbricate erecto-patent,
elliptical serrulate, suddenly contracted into a long serrulate,
almost piliferous point, concave, nerved half way; caps.
oblong cernuous, slightly arcuate, lid with a long beak.

Shady banks and woods. Fr. rare. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

459. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) cirrhosum.</sc> Schwg. Stems erect
or procumbent, with a few erect branches; l. imbricate
.bn 163.png
.pn +1
elliptic, more oblong than the last (of which it may be only a
variety, though very different in many points), entire except
the long narrow points, which are serrulate and suddenly
geniculate or reflexed where the point joins the blade;
concave, nerved half way. Never been found in fruit.

Summit of Ben Lawers, 1823 (Dr. Arnott).

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> <i>Prælongæ.</i> l. opaque, scarcely sulcate, areolæ almost\
as broad as long; seta rough.

.sp 2
.h6
* Synoicous.

460. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) speciosum.</sc> Brid. St. creeping,
with short erect, almost complanate branches; l. ovate
serrulate, nerved almost to acute apex, bright green; caps.
ovate or obovate, cernuous; lid with a long pointed beak.

Stones near springs, sometimes in water. <pm right '<sc>XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
* * Dioicous.

461. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) prœlongum.</sc> Dill. St. long,
arched or procumbent, often bipinnate, branches slender; l.
squarrose recurved, broadly cordate, and suddenly tapering
to a long point, amplexicaul, nerve carried nearly to base of
point; br. l. lanceolate acuminate, all serrate: per. l. nerveless;
caps. small oval-oblong, obliquely cernuous; lid with
a long tapering slender beak.

Moist shady banks. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

462. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) hians.</sc> Hedw. Sp. Musc. 272.
t. 70. L. roundish ovate, spreading, areolæ large. [Mueller
Syn. <sc>II.</sc>, 447.]

Sussex (Mr. Mitten).
.bn 164.png
.pn +1

463. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) pumilum.</sc> Wils. St. creeping,
filiform; br. slender, sub-pinnate sub-complanate; l. minute
ovate, shortly pointed, spreading sub-serrulate, faintly nerved
half way; per. l. smaller, recurved; caps. short roundish
ovate, cernuous; lid rather large, with an oblique beak.

Shady rocks and hedge banks. E. S. I. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

464. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) Stokesii.</sc> Turn. St. densely
cæspitose, branches ascending, simple below, above densely
pinnate and bipinnate; st. l. distant, acutely cordate, shortly
acuminate, and triquetrous, recurved; br. l. ovate-lanceolate,
erecto-patent, all thinly nerved, and serrate; caps. oblong
ventricose horizontal, olive-coloured; lid with a long straight
subulate beak from a conical base. (Syn. 562. Bry. Eur.
<sc>V.</sc> 526.)

Stones and rocks in woods, &c.
.rj
 <pm right 'Autumn.'>

.sp 2

465. <sc>H. (Eurynchium) Swartzii.</sc> Turn. St. creeping,
with short erect branches; l. uniform, ovate not acuminate,
serrate, nerved more than half way; caps. roundish ovate,
cernuous, reddish brown; lid with a long oblique beak.

Moist banks and rocks; frequent. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> VII. <sc>Hyocomium.</sc> St. prostrate; l. broadly\
obcordate, with a long apiculus, decurrent,\
shortly two-nerved; areolæ, above flexuoso-linear,\
middle narrowly rectangular, angles\
broadly hexagonal or rectangular; caps. on a\
thick seta, oval, turgid, cernuous; lid mammillate.

466. <sc>H. (Hyocomium) flagellare.</sc> Dicks. St. 1in. or
more, arched pinnate; br. sub-fasciculate, recurved; st. l.
.bn 165.png
.pn +1
squarrose, broadly cordate acuminate, slightly striate; br. l.
less spreading, sub-secund, roundish ovate, less acuminate;
all sharply serrate and mostly two-nerved at base, or nerveless;
per. l. almost erect, much narrower; caps. ovate-oblong,
curved, cernuous, on a rough seta: dioicous.

Moist shady rocks by cascades, &c. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> VIII. <sc>Rhynchostegium.</sc> Plants low cæspitose,\
with scattered branches; l. soft, shining, nerveless\
or simply nerved; areolæ elongate, narrowly\
hexagono-rhomboid; caps. horizontal cernuous;\
lid with a subulate beak.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> <i>Demissæ.</i> St. prostrate, l. complanate,\
oblong-lanceolate, nerveless, entire;\
caps. thin walled; seta smooth:\
monoicous.

467. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) demissum.</sc> Wils. St.
filiform; br. short slender: l. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sub-secund
above, margin reflexed; caps. small, narrowly elliptical,
horizontal cernuous; lid obliquely rostrate.

Shady mountainous rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> <i>Tenellæ.</i> st. creeping; l. narrowly lanceolate,\
caps. solid walled, seta rough or\
smooth: monoicous.

468. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) tenellum.</sc> Dicks. St. and
br. very short creeping; l. erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate
acuminate, almost setaceous, light green, entire, nerved
more than half way; caps. ovate cernuous, on a smooth seta;
lid beaked.

Walls and rocks, principally limestone. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>
.bn 166.png
.pn +1

469. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) Teesdalii.</sc> Sm. St. slender,
creeping; br. erect; l. sub-complanate, narrowly lanceolate,
rigid, slightly serrulate near apex, broadly nerved nearly to
apex; caps. ovate cernuous, on a rough seta; lid almost as
large as caps., beaked.

Moist shady rocks near waterfalls. <pm right '<sc>III.—VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>c.</i> <i>Depressæ.</i> Pl. low cæspitose soft; l. broadly\
oblong, thinly nerved; seta smooth.

.sp 2
.h6
* Dioicous.

470. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) depressum.</sc> Bruch. St.
prostrate pinnate; br. thickest in middle—both very short;
l. complanate crowded ovate-oblong, slightly concave and
finely serrulate, shortly two-nerved; caps. ovate, curved,
cernuous; lid as long as caps. and long beaked.

Rocks and stones, especially limestone. <pm right 'Spring.'>

Caergwrle, N. Wales, Oct., 1871, in fruit (C. L. Higgins.)

.sp 2
.h6
* * Monoicous.

471. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) confertum.</sc> Dicks. St.
creeping sub-pinnate; br. erect; l. slightly secund or complanate,
ovate-acuminate concave serrulate, thinly nerved quite
or more than half way; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid
short, with a very long curved beak.

Rocks, walls, trees, &c., frequent. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>

.sp 2

472. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) megapolitanum.</sc> Bland.
Much larger than the last, and remotely branched; st. l.
remote, br. l. crowded; lower oblong-lanceolate, the others
more or less sharply acuminate from a broad ovate base,
slightly serrulate, nerved more than half way; caps. oblong
.bn 167.png
.pn +1
cylindrical incurved, arcuate when dry; lid with a short
thick beak. [Schp. Syn. 469, Bry. Eur. v. t. 511.]

Sandy shores. Southport, Dublin, Sussex. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2

473. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) murale.</sc> Dill. St. short,
creeping, with erect crowded branches; l. closely imbricate,
roundish ovate, concave, faintly serrulate, cucullate at apex,
which is slightly mucronate, not acuminate, nerved half way;
caps. ovate, somewhat cernuous; lid flattish, with a long
beak.

Walls, &c., chiefly limestone. <pm right '<sc>X.</sc>'>

.sp 2

474. <sc>H. (Rhynchostegium) ruscifolium.</sc> Dill. St.
creeping, with long irregular procumbent branches; l. complanate
and sub-secund, ovate, with a cordate base, serrate,
stoutly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate cernuous;
lid convex, with a very long beak.

Rocks and stones in rivulets, frequent. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> IX. <sc>Thamnium.</sc> Dendroid from a creeping\
rhizome; l. sub-complanate, nerved, areolæ\
minute, quadrate or rhomboid at apex, narrowly\
oblong at base; caps. short and sub-arcuate\
with the seta, turgidly ovate, lid with a long\
beak; inner perist. with long appendiculate\
cilia.

475. <sc>H. (Thamnium) alopecurum.</sc> Dill. St. 2–3in.
naked below, pinnately branched above; l. spreading ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat concave, serrate, strongly nerved
nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate, cernuous or erect, lid
with a long oblique beak: dioicous.

Moist woods, rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>
.bn 168.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> X. <sc>Plagiothecium.</sc> St. generally prostrate,\
or partially erect, branched; l. complanate or\
secund, thin, silky, nerveless or shortly two-nerved;\
areolæ long hexagono-rhomboid; caps.\
sub-erect or cernuous, more or less incurved;\
lid convexo-conical or rostrate; per. teeth pale\
thin, internal a membrane with narrowish\
processes; cilia none or obscure.

.sp 2
.h5
A. Per. teeth distantly articulate, without cilia: dioicous.

476. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) latebricola.</sc> Bry. Eur.
(<i>Leskea</i>, Bry. Brit.) St. short, slender, sparsely branched,
sub-erect; l. sub-secund ovate-lanceolate, tapering acute,
entire, slightly concave, decurrent, faintly two-nerved;
margin recurved; caps. elliptic-oblong, turbinate when dry;
lid short, acutely conical.

Moist shady woods, decaying trunks, and ferns. <pm right 'Winter.'>

.sp 2
.h5
B. Per. teeth densely articulate, internal with entire\
ciliary processes.

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

477. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) pulchellum.</sc> Dicks. St.
short densely tufted, sub-erect, br. fastigiate; l. crowded,
secund, lanceolate, gradually tapering from base to apex,
entire, generally nerveless; caps. oblong, sub-erect, curved;
lid conical, scarcely beaked.

Mountainous shady rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>VI.—X.</sc>'>

.sp 2

478. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) Muhlenbeckii.</sc> B. &. S. St.
short, tufted, sub-erect, with recurved fasciculate branches;
l. complanate, spreading, deltoid-ovate or sub-cordate,
.bn 169.png
.pn +1
tapering, dark green, finely serrulate, nerveless, or shortly
two-nerved; caps. oblong, slightly inclined, tapering below,
striate when dry; lid short conical.

Alpine rocks. S. I. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

479. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) Silesiacum.</sc> Seliger. St. and
branches procumbent, the latter arcuate; l. secund, mostly
pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, longer tapering than the
last, concave, distinctly serrulate, slightly and shortly two-nerved;
caps. long sub-cylindrical, not striate when dry,
curved, cernuous; lid conical pointed.

Stems of decaying trees, rocks, &c. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

Kent; Yorkshire.

.sp 2

480. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) denticulatum.</sc> Dill. St. prostrate,
with sub-fasciculate branches; l. complanate, obliquely
ovate pointed, sometimes sub-serrulate at apex, margin
recurved below, shortly two-nerved; caps. oblong, sub-erect;
lid acutely conical.

Sub-alpine woods, banks, wet rocks, &c. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>obtusifolium.</i> l. elliptical, more or less obtuse,
slightly concave. Alpine rocks.
.dl-

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
γ. |<i>succulentum.</i> l. with almost plane margins:
synoicous. Todmorden, Warrington.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

481. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) elegans.</sc> Hook. St. prostrate,
br. distichous, fasciculate or pinnate; l. complanate,
ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender serrulate point, sometimes
oblique, nerveless, or faintly two-nerved; caps. small
.bn 170.png
.pn +1
ovate elliptical, curved, more or less pendulous; lid conical,
shortly beaked.

Shady banks and rocks, usually barren. <pm right '<sc>III. IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>collinum.</i> “st. erect tufted; l. sub-secund.”
.dl-

.sp 2

482. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) sylvaticum.</sc> Dill. St. longer,
about 1 inch, decumbent branched; l. sub-complanate, sometimes
sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, not acuminate, entire,
distinctly two-nerved nearly half way; caps. cylindrical,
curved, inclined, or horizontal; lid long, shortly beaked.

Roots of trees in woods, &c. <pm right '<sc>IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

483. <sc>H. (Plagiothecium) undulatum.</sc> Dill. St. and br.
procumbent, 2in. or more; l. complanate, ovate, acute, not
acuminate, entire, undulate, faintly two-nerved, whitish
green; caps. cylindrical, tapering at base, cernuous or
horizontal, striate when dry, lid with a short beak.

Woods and moist places. <pm right '<sc>IV.—VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> XI. <sc>Amblystegium.</sc> Plants small prostrate,\
sparingly branched; l. soft, generally opaque,\
simply nerved, rarely nerveless; areolæ hexagono-rhomboidal\
parenchymatous, or tubular\
prosenchymatous; caps. sub-erect or incurvo-cernuous,\
oval and sub-arcuate cylindrical,\
opaque, on a smooth seta; lid large, tumidly\
conical, obtuse; internal perist. generally integrate,\
cilia more or less perfect, rarely none.

.sp 2
.h5
1. L. opaque, areolæ all parenchymatous.

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Dioicous.

484. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) Sprucei.</sc> Bruch. St. short,
slender, with few branches; l. distant narrowly ovate-lanceolate,
.bn 171.png
.pn +1
long pointed, margin almost entire, concave,
nerveless; per. l. larger, with longer points, distinctly
serrulate at apex; caps. erect elliptical, turbinate when dry,
mouth wide; lid long conical pointed. [<i>Leskea.</i> Bry. Brit.]

Shady sub-alpine rocks, rare. <pm right 'Spring (?)'>

Teesdale, Todmorden.

.sp 2

485. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) atrovirens.</sc> Dicks. St.
prostrate, irregularly branched, the latter slightly incurved,
rigid, sub-erect; l. imbricate, somewhat secund, ovate-lanceolate,
with long tapering points, margin recurved below,
sub-serrulate above; thickly nerved almost to apex; “caps.
sub-cylindrical short curved and sub-cernuous, lid conical.”

Alpine rocks, &c., rare in fruit. Scotland. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Monoicous.

486. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) confervoides.</sc> B. & S. St.
creeping, very slender, sub-pinnate, sparingly branched; br.
capilliform; l. scattered sub-secund, more or less spreading,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless; per. l. longer,
erect; caps. cernuous, oval-oblong, slightly incurved, pale
brown, semi-pellucid; lid convex, obliquely apiculate;
annulus small deciduous.

Stones in shady places, limestone. <pm right 'Summer.'>

Dovedale (Dr. Fraser, 1866); Westmoreland.

.sp 2

487. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) serpens.</sc> Dill. St. creeping,
sub-pinnate, with slender sub-erect branches; l. spreading,
ovate-lanceolate, tapering into long points, entire, faintly
nerved half way, or sometimes nearly to apex: caps. oblong,
cylindrical or obovate, curved, cernuous, reddish at mouth;
lid conical acute.

Walls, moist banks, trees, &c., common. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>
.bn 172.png
.pn +1

488. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) radicale.</sc> P. Beauv. St.
creeping, with sub-erect rigid branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate
from a cordate or deltoid base, twice as large as
last, and strongly nerved almost to the long tapering apex;
per. l. larger serrate; seta long (sometimes 2in.); caps.
oblong, much curved, cernuous, not red at mouth; lid
conical, with a short sharp beak.

Moist ground amongst grass. Wales. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

489. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) irriguum.</sc> Hook. St. procumbent
rigid, sometimes pinnate; l. spreading, secund,
gradually tapering to a point from a deltoid-ovate somewhat
decurrent base, sub-serrulate, strongly nerved nearly
to apex; caps. oblong, cernuous, curved, when dry more so,
and contracted at mouth; annulus persistent; lid conical,
blunt-pointed.

Stones in rivulets and streams. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

490. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) fluviatile.</sc> Swartz. St.
procumbent, with simple, prostrate, not rigid branches; l.
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, concave, strongly
nerved almost to apex; caps. slender, elliptical, elongate,
sub-erect, only slightly curved; lid conical.

Rocks and stones in mountain streams. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.ce
2. L. areolæ narrow, rhomboido-hexagonal, prosenchymatous\
at base only, rectangulo–6–gonal.

491. <sc>H. (Amblystegium) riparium.</sc> Dill. St. longer,
creeping, with sub-pinnate sub-erect branches; l. spreading,
sub-complanate, ovate-lanceolate entire, nerved two-thirds or
more; caps. oblong-cylindrical curved, cernuous, contracted
at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed.

Stones, &c., near pools, sometimes in water. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>
.bn 173.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> XII. <i>eu</i>-<sc>Hypnum</sc>. St. erect or procumbent,\
sometimes radiculose and pinnate; l. patent,\
squarrose, or falcato-secund, nerve various or\
none; areolæ narrowly linear,, often dilated, and\
transparent at base; caps. incurved cernuous on\
a smooth seta; lid convexo-conical, mammillate,\
rarely rostrate; perist. perfect.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. I.</i> Branches straggling or sub-pinnate; l. squarrose-divaricate\
or stellate and patent.

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

492. <sc>H. Halleki.</sc> L. Jun. St. creeping, with pinnate
erect branches; l. crowded lanceolate, recurved from a
roundish ovate base, acuminate, serrulate, almost squarrose,
faintly two-nerved at base or nerveless; caps. oblong curved
cernuous; lid conical, blunt.

Alpine rocks, rare. <pm right '<sc>VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

493. <sc>H. polymorphum.</sc> Hedw. “St. procumbent,
branches simple, erect, slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose,
sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless;
caps. oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical.” [Bry.
Brit.]

Limestone walls, banks and rocks. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

494. <sc>H. elodes.</sc> Spruce. St. elongate, slender, with sub-pinnate
slender sub-erect branches: l. distant, spreading; br.
l. lanceolate-subulate, apex almost setaceous, secund; st.
l. wider, less secund; all entire, nerved nearly or quite to
.bn 174.png
.pn +1
apex: caps. cylindrical curved cernuous; lid conical.

Wet places and bogs. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.pm hanging4begin
[Wilson states the leaves to be sub-denticulate at <i>base only</i>, whilst
his figure is evidently <i>serrulate</i> above and entire at base. I can
find no indications of denticulation, even under a ¼inch, except
perhaps an occasional slight protrusion of an odd cell here
and there, but this cannot be called even denticulate.]
.pm hangingend

.sp 2

495. <sc>H. chrysophyllum.</sc> Brid. St. creeping pinnate;
l. almost squarrose sub-second, from a cordate-ovate base,
tapering into long setaceous points, entire, nerved more than
half way, rarely absent; areolæ not enlarged or diaphanous
at base; caps. large cylindrical, curved, cernuous; lid
conical.

Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. <pm right '<sc>V.—IX.</sc>'>

.sp 2

496. <sc>H. stellatum.</sc> Dill. St. 1–2in. erect, densely
tufted: branches irregular or sub-pinnate, cuspidate; l. squarrose,
recurved, rather suddenly tapering into a long point
from a deltoid-ovate base, with a few large diaphanous cells
at basal angles, nerveless, entire; caps. oblong curved
cernuous; lid convex pointed.

Marshes and bogs. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
<i>c.</i> Polygamous.

497. <sc>H. Polygamum.</sc> Bry. Eur. St. 1in. or more, procumbent,
sub-pinnate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, ovate-lanceolate,
tapering into shorter points than last two, entire,
nerved about half way, areolæ larger at base; caps. oblong,
sub-cernuous, or almost erect; lid conical pointed.

Wet swampy places. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>stagnation.</i> “st. longer, sub-erect, more pinnate;
l. with a longer nerve; seta longer,
often 3in. or more.”
.dl-
.bn 175.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. II.</i> St. pinnately branched; l. falcato-secund,\
nerve single, areolæ linear.

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Dioicous.

.sp 2
.ce
† Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex.

498. <sc>H. aduncum.</sc> Dill. L.[1] (<i>H. exannulatum</i>, Gümb.)
St. 2–4in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short, simple, few; l.
crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, striate,
faintly sub-serrulate near the base; nerved nearly to apex;
basal cells larger and inflated, gradually passing into
the long narrower ones above; capsule sub-cylindrical,
curved, cernuous, on a seta 1in. long or more.

.fn 1
This name has been wrongly given to some half-dozen different
species; but I am informed by Dr. Braithwaite (in lit. 29, Mch. 1872),
that he has recently consulted the original specimen of Dillenius on
which Linnæus founded the species, and from his examination the
synonymy of this group must be altered as above. The diagnoses of
this and the next four species are from his pen; the name <i>aduncum</i>
should be retained as being older than <i>exannulatum</i>.
.fn-

Marshes and marshy heaths. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

499. <sc>H. Kneiffii.</sc> B. & S. (<i>H. aduncum</i>, Hedw.
Stirpes, IV., t. 24, and Schp.) St. 2–6in. long, erect, sub-pinnate;
l. falcato-secund, somewhat distant, lanceolate acuminate,
occasionally faintly sub-serrulate near the base,
thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate, basal angles
decurrent excavate, of lax sub-quadrate cells, those above
elongate rectangular; caps. cylindrical oblong arcuate,
broadly annulate.

Swamps and marshes. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>
.bn 176.png
.pn +1

500. <sc>H. Sendtneri.</sc> Schpr. (<i>H. aduncum</i>, ε <i>hamatum</i>
and ζ <i>giganteum</i>, Bry. Eur.) St. 3–6in. simple, pinnate; l.
falcato-secund, broadly oblong-lanceolate, hooked above,
distinctly auricled at sub-decurrent angles, glossy, lightly
sulcate only when dry, nerve vanishing below apex; basal
cells rectangular, hyaline, yellowish, at angles brownish-yellow
lax; caps. ovate-oblong, erect at base, arcuate.

Bogs. Scotland, and near Birmingham.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>Wilsoni.</i> St. very tall, sometimes 1ft., yellow
green, with slender, nearly simple branches; l.
larger, with a filiform acumen, auricles very
small.
.dl-

.sp 2

501. <sc>H. vernicosum.</sc> Lindb. 1861. (<i>H. pellucidum</i>,
Wils. MS.; <i>H. aduncum</i>, var. <i>tenue</i>, Bry. Brit.) St. erect,
rather rigid, pinnate; l. shorter falcato-secund, the apical
ones involute, ovate, oblong-lanceolate, distinctly sulcate,
neither auricled nor decurrent, very glossy, yellow green,
nerve vanishing far below apex; cells very narrow, vermicular,
purplish at base; caps. oblong cernuous, arcuate.

Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire.

.sp 2

502. <sc>H. intermedium.</sc> Lindb. (<i>H. Cossoni</i>, Schpr.) In
habit like <i>H. Sendtneri</i>, var. β. St. elongate, flexuoso-erect,
interruptedly pinnate; branches very unequal; l. falcato-secund,
ovate-oblong, becoming lanceolate, not furrowed,
with minute decurrent auricles, nerve vanishing far below
apex; cells very narrow vermicular opaque; outer per. l.
squarrose; fr. as in <i>Sendtneri</i>.

Bogs, frequent.
.bn 177.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.ce
† † Brandies and stems scarcely hooked.

503. <sc>H. lycopodioides.</sc> Neck. St. about 2in. erect,
sub-pinnate, rather rigid; l. falcato-secund, ovate-acuminute,
tapering to an acute point, but not apiculate, concave, entire,
nerved nearly to apex, not striate; caps. oblong cernuous,
lid conical.

Bogs and marshes: fr. rare. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>falcatum.</i> l. more crowded, more falcate, nerve
stronger. Near Copgrove, Yorkshire.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Monoicous.

504. <sc>H. fluitans.</sc> Dill. St. 6–12in. erect or floating,
pinnate, slender; branches short deflexed; l. falcato-secund,
lanceolate, tapering from an ovate base, acuminate, slightly
serrulate near apex, thinly nerved more than half way, areolæ
enlarged at base; caps. small oblong curved sub-cernuous,
on a very long seta; lid conical, acute.

Marshes, bogs, &c. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

505. <sc>H. revolvens.</sc> Swartz. St. 2–4in. erect or procumbent,
sub-pinnate; l. crowded circinnate falcate, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, concave, serrulate near apex, deep red
or purplish; nerve stronger, more than half way; areolæ not
enlarged at base; caps. oblong cernuous, on a shorter seta;
lid conical acute.

Bogs and marshes. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

506. <sc>H. uncinatum.</sc> Hall. St. about 2in. slender,
erect or procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. circinnate secund, very
narrow, lanceolate, setaceous from a broader base, plicate,
.bn 178.png
.pn +1
serrulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. cylindrical, curved,
cernuous, lid conical.

Sub-alpine walls and rocks. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. III.</i> St. regularly pinnate, radiculose, tomentose;\
l. thickly nerved, opaque; caps. sub-arcuate.

507. <sc>H. commutatum.</sc> Dill. St. 4in. or more, procumbent;
br. about ½in.—both more or less uncinate; radicles
brownish; l. circinnate, secund, tapering to a slender long
point from an ovate base, plicate, twisted when dry, finely
serrulate, nerved more than half way, areolæ narrow; caps.
large oblong, lid conical: dioicous.

Wet shady places. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

508. <sc>H. sulcatum.</sc> Schpr. Loosely cæspitose; st. rigid,
without radicles, sub-pinnate; l. partly broadly elongate-lanceolate,
partly sharply lanceolate from broadly ovate base,
all reflexed hamulose; nerve strong. [Schp. Syn. 699.]

Mountainous places. Ben Lawers, July, 1865 (G. E.
Hunt.)

.sp 2

509. <sc>H. falcatum.</sc> Brid. (<i>H. commutatum</i> var. <i>condensatum</i>,
Bry. Brit.) St. 2–3in. cæspitose, erect, sparingly
branched; l. as in <i>commutatum</i>, but less circinnate and more
rigid, undulate, nerved nearly to apex; capsule small, curved
cernuous. [Bry. Eur. <sc>VI.</sc>, 607. Schp. Syn., 613.]

Sub-alpine places and bogs. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

510. <sc>H. filicinum.</sc> Dill. St. 2–4in. sub-erect, slender,
pinnate, with purplish radicles; l. spreading, falcato-secund,
st. l. deltoid-ovate, tapering; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all
.bn 179.png
.pn +1
serrulate, scarcely twisted when dry, nerved to or beyond
apex; areolæ oval, rather large, larger rhomboid and pellucid
at base; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical acute:
dioicous.

Marshes, wet rocks. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>vallisclausæ.</i> Brid. l. sub-secund, nerve very
strong and excurrent. Ormeshead; Derbyshire.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. IV.</i> St. robust, without radicles, irregularly\
pinnate; l. scariose, shining, strongly rugose;\
areolæ vermicular above, the rest small quadrate;\
caps. sub-arcuate, lid rostrate, annulus\
broad.

511. <sc>H. rugosum.</sc> Dill. St. 2–3in. rigid, erect, densely
tufted; br. recurved; l. crowded, falcato-secund, serrulate
and recurved at margin, lanceolate acuminate from a broad
base, rugose at back, nerved more than half way; caps. sub-cylindrical
curved, pale reddish brown; lid large yellowish,
with an oblique beak: dioicous.

Limestone and other rocks; barren in England. Spring (?)

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. V.</i> St. creeping, cæspitose, pinnate, l. curved\
secund, areolæ loosely rhomboid; caps. incurved\
cernuous, compressed below mouth when dry.

512. <sc>H. incurvatum.</sc> Brid. St. short slender, branches
curved upwards; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering, all pointing
upwards, entire, shortly two-nerved; caps. small, ovate,
horizontal; lid short, conical, acute: monoicous.

Shady walls and stones. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>
.bn 180.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. VI.</i> St. more or less regularly pinnate; l.\
falcato-secund, two or singly nerved, or nerveless,\
areolæ narrowly linear, quadrate at basal\
angles; caps. sub-cylindrical incurved; lid\
large, shortly rostellate.

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

513. <sc>H. Breadalbanense.</sc> Buchanan White. “St.
procumbent or sub-erect, covered with villi; vaguely pinnate;
l. secund ovate-lanceolate concave, nerve strong
single, reaching about half way, margin of base slightly
recurved; sub-denticulate.”

Breadalbane Mts. and Ben Lawers 1865 (Dr. F. B. White).
Fruit not known.

.sp 2

514. <sc>H. hamulosum.</sc> Frölich (?) St. 1in. or more, procumbent
pinnate; br. hooked at apex; l. circinnate-secund,
much curved, tapering into a long slender sub-serrulate
point from an ovate-lanceolate base, nerveless; caps. sub-cylindrical
curved, tapering at base, lid conical pointed:

Alpine grassy declivities. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>micranthum.</i> smaller, l. shorter pointed, and
faintly two-nerved; caps. more oval, with an
obtuse lid. Ben Lawers, &c.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

515. <sc>H. rupestre.</sc> Buchanan White. St. procumbent,
covered with very short villi, irregularly pinnate; l. strongly
falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate from a wide base, much
curved; obscurely two-nerved, margin plane, scarcely denticulate.

Ben Lawers, August, 1865.
.rj
Fr. unknown.
.bn 181.png
.pn +1

516. <sc>H. Bambergeri.</sc> B. & S. Rather small dense
tufts, yellowish green above, passing to yellow-fuscous at
base; st. without radicles or villi, sub-pinnate, br. few
fastigiate; l. densely crowded secund, strongly circinnate,
ovate-lanceolate elongate, entire, with a long point, faintly
two-nerved, one usually larger than the other; alar cells few,
rather obscure, yellow, upper linear elongate; fr. not known.

Near summit of Ben Lawers, July, 1867 (Dr. Fraser).

.sp 2

517. <sc>H. imponens.</sc> Hedw. Cæspitose, sub-pinnate, l.
imbricate, circinnate secund, filiform from a broad ovate-oblong
base, margin reflexed below, and minutely serrate,
obsoletely two-nerved; br. l. much narrower, and at apex of
br. convolute, and hamato-incurved; per. l. nerveless filiform
flexuose apiculate; caps. sub-erect cylindrical incurved; lid
convexo-conical, acutely pointed yellowish, annulus broad.
[Bry. Eur. <sc>VI.</sc>, 597. Schp. Syn. 625.]

Woods and stony ground. <pm right 'Autumn.'>

Reigate Heath (Mr. Mitten), 1864.

.sp 2

518. <sc>H. cupressiforme.</sc> Dill. St. about 1in. procumbent;
l. falcato-secund, pointing downwards, sharply acuminate
from an ovate-lanceolate base, slightly serrulate, nerveless
or faintly two-nerved; per. l. erect, almost piliferous;
caps. sub-cylindrical cernuous, curved, lid conical, cuspidate.

Walls, rocks, trunks of trees, &c. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>compressum.</i> st. slender pinnate, reddish, with
compressed foliage; l. pale green, serrulate at
apex; seta long slender; caps. short, elliptic
oblong.

γ. |<i>minus.</i> pinnate; br. slender: l. narrow, falcate
serrulate, margin recurved, caps. small erect.
Trunks of trees.
.bn 182.png
.pn +1

δ. |<i>filiforme.</i> br. prostrate, filiform, slender; l. falcate,
serrulate; caps. short; lid with a shorter
point. Rocks. Killarney, &c.

ε. |<i>lacunosum.</i> more robust; br. thickened; l.
larger sub-coriaceous, yellowish brown.

ζ. |<i>longisetum.</i> slender, l. pale, serrulate; seta elongate,
caps. short ovate.

θ. |<i>mammillatum.</i> caps. with a short conical or
mammillate lid.
.dl-

.sp 2

519. <sc>H. resupinatum.</sc> Wils. St. creeping, sub-pinnate;
l. erecto-patent, secund, pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate,
tapering to a point, entire, nerveless; caps. oblong erect,
almost symmetrical; lid with an oblique beak.

Walls, rocks, trees, &c. <pm right '<sc>X. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

520. <sc>H. Lindbergh.</sc> Mitt. Jour, of Bot. <sc>I.</sc>, p. 123.
(<i>H. pratense</i>, Bry. Brit. 399.) “St. sparingly branched in
an irregular manner, without any appearance of becoming
pinnate; l. loosely compressed ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute, but with a broad point,[2] margins entire, nerveless;
cells at angles enlarged and pale; caps., according to
Lindberg, is on a rather thick seta 1in. long, turgid ovate,
when dry plicate.”

.fn 2
Some of the leaves, even on authenticated specimens, have longer
and narrower points (acuminate), but in no case that I have seen are
they denticulate.
.fn-

“Damp sandy ground among thin grass, not in bogs.
The fr. has been gathered once by Dr. Klingraff in June, in
W. Prussia.”
.bn 183.png
.pn +1

.pm blockbegin
“<i>H. pratense</i> differs from above in its irregularly pinnate
stems, more compressed foliage, l. lanceolate with a narrow
point denticulate at apex, and the enlarged basal cells of same
colour; not found in Britain.”
.pm blockend

.sp 2

521. <sc>H. arcuatum.</sc> Lindb. (<i>H. pratense</i>, var. β. Bry.
Brit.) “L. more falcato-secund, scarcely complanate.”

Clay soils, common.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. VII.</i> Prostrate or ascending, rooting, regularly\
pinnate; l. hamate, circinnato-secund;\
caps. cernuous, solid, lid convexo-conical.

522. <sc>H. molluscum.</sc> Dill. St. soft, 1–2in. sub-erect; l.
circinnate secund; st. l. cordate; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all
tapering acuminate, striate, serrulate, and faintly two-nerved,
crisped when dry; caps. ovate, horizontal; lid conical, large,
sharply pointed.

Moist banks and limestone rocks, common. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. VIII.</i> St. erect, rigid, villose, regularly pinnate;\
l. hamate; caps. oblong, incurved, solid.

523. <sc>H. Crista-castrensis.</sc> L. St. sub-erect, 3–4in.
pectinate; st. l. ovate-acuminate, br. l. narrowly lanceolate acuminate,
strongly striate, serrulate near apex—all circinnato-secund,
faintly two-nerved, margin reflexed; caps.
oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed; dioicous.

Woods and alpine rocks. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. IX.</i> St. soft cæspitose, prostrate, branched; l.\
falcato-secund, rarely spreading, faintly nerved;\
areolæ linear; per. l. long, deeply sulcate; caps.\
incurved cernuous, lid convexo-conical or mammillate.
.bn 184.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

524. <sc>H. palustre.</sc> Dill. St. creeping; br. ascending,
crowded, curved, cuspidate and convolute at apex; l.
generally secund, sometimes almost falcate, elliptic-entire,
strongly concave, pointed; either nerveless, shortly two-nerved
or singly nerved half way; per. l. erect, distinctly
striate; caps. ovate, slightly curved; cernuous; lid conical,
pointed.

Stones and rocks in streams. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |l. imbricate, not secund.

γ. |<i>subsphœricarpon.</i> l. strongly nerved nearly to
apex; caps. roundish ovate, tumid.
.dl-

.sp 2

525. <sc>H. dilatatum.</sc> Wils. (<i>H. molle</i>, Bry. Eur.) Plant
of somewhat firm growth; l. rotundo-ovate, rather concave,
suddenly apiculate, texture very close, areolæ long and very
narrow; nerve double, short slender, but well defined (<i>fide</i>
G. E. Hunt). Caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid conical.

At a low elevation. N. Wales, Yorkshire, Berkshire,
Clova, Braemar.

.sp 2

526. <sc>H. molle</sc>, Dicks. (<i>H. alpestre</i> (?) Bry. Eur., non
Swartz.) Very weak and flaccid, the tufts falling to pieces
on removal from the water; l. varying from ovate to
rotundo-ovate, flat, or sometimes very slightly reflexed
towards apex, gradually tapering upwards, or very rarely
suddenly apiculate; texture somewhat loose, areolæ larger
and wider than in last; nerve rather long and thick, ill-defined,
single or double (<i>fide</i> G. E. Hunt). Caps. as above.

Great elevations. Ben-mac-Dhui, Ben Nevis.

.pm hanging4begin
[The above two diagnoses are from a paper by Mr. G. E. Hunt,
on Perthshire and Braemar Mosses in Trans. Lit. and Phil.
Soc. and Manchester, 1868–9, p. 320.]
.pm hangingend
.bn 185.png
.pn +1

527. <sc>H. arcticum.</sc> Sommerfelt. St. 1–2in. creeping;
br. elongate, simple, obtuse; l. spreading, green above,
purplish below, small, broadly ovate or roundish, somewhat
obtuse, entire, strongly two-nerved about half way, sometimes
nerves blended into one; caps. ovate, cernuous, tapering into
the seta; lid conical.

Alpine rivulets. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

528. <sc>H. eugyrium.</sc> Schpr. St. short, much branched; l.
crowded, st. l. drooping on two sides, broadly oblong-lanceolate,
shortly acuminate; br. l. flexuoso-falcate, plano-concave,
elongate-lanceolate narrower, serrulate at apex; nerve thin,
unequally bifid; areolæ vermicular excavate, fulvous, and
rectangular at the decurrent angles; per. l., external
spreading, internal erect, longly lanceolate, with erose apices;
caps. ovate-oblong cernuous, turgid, lid mammillate; annulus
broadly bi-triseriate. [Bry. Eur. <sc>VI.</sc>, t. 579. Schp. Syn.,
639.]

Stones in waterfalls. <pm right 'Summer.'>

N. Wales, Devonshire, Killarney.

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

529. <sc>H. ochraceum.</sc> Turn. St. 2–4in., tufted filiform,
sub-erect, sparingly branched; l. yellowish green sub-secund,
sometimes falcate, distant, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, concave,
nerve forked, extending half way; per. l. squarrose recurved;
caps. oblong, tapering at base, cernuous; lid conical.

Stones in alpine and sub-alpine streams, &c. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>


.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. X.</i> Erect or procumbent, stem simple or more or\
less pinnate; l. patent, rarely sub-complanate,\
or sub-secund, thinly single-nerved, or shortly\
.bn 186.png
.pn +1
two-nerved, shining; areolæ linear; caps. incurved\
cernuous; lid mammillate or convexo-conical.


.in 16
.pm hangingbegin
1. St. more or less regularly pinnate;
l. patent or loosely imbricate.
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
.h6
<i>a.</i> Monoicous.

530. <sc>H. cordifolium.</sc> Swartz. Bright green above,
reddish brown below; st. 3–6in. erect, sub-pinnate; br.
short slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, convolute and
cuspidate at tip of branches, distant, cordate-ovate, obtuse, or
slightly apiculate, concave entire, strongly nerved almost to
apex; cells scarcely enlarged at base; caps. oblong, suddenly
horizontal, not tapering at base; lid conical.

Marshes and ditches. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
<i>b.</i> Dioicous.

531. <sc>H. giganteum.</sc> Schp. St. erect, thick, often 1ft.
long, densely pinnate; st. l. patent, broadly cordate-ovate,
strongly nerved to apex; cells linear, excavate and quadrate
at basal angles; br. l. lingulate narrow, terminal ones
twisted and subulate; per. l. oblong-lanceolate; caps.
oblong-cylindrical, sub-incurved, horizontal, on a long seta;
annulus none; lid mammillate. [Schp. Syn. 642.]

Marshes. Hale Moss and Wybunbury Bog. <pm right 'Summer.'>

.sp 2

532. <sc>H. sarmentosum.</sc> Wahl. St. 1in. or more, procumbent,
sub-pinnate; br. short cuspidate; foliage red or
purplish; l. much crowded, sub-erect, elliptic-oblong,
scarcely pointed, concave, entire, nerved almost to apex;
areolæ large, quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; caps.
ovate-oblong, cernuous.

Wet alpine rocks. <pm right 'Spring (?)'>
.bn 187.png
.pn +1

533. <sc>H. cuspidatum.</sc> Dill. St. 2–6in. erect, pinnate;
terminal foliage cuspidate; l. spreading, almost squarrose,
when young erect appressed and convolute; ovate, obtuse,
entire, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; cells enlarged and
pellucid at basal angles; caps. oblong, much curved, tapering
below; lid conical acute.

Marshes. <pm right '<sc>V. VI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

534. <sc>H. Schreberi.</sc> Dill. St. 4–6in. erect, pinnate,
deep red, with slender curved branches, somewhat cuspidate
at summit; l. convolute, afterwards erecto-patent, elliptical,
concave, obtuse, shortly two-nerved; cells enlarged at basal
angles; caps. ovate-oblong curved cernuous; lid conical,
pointed.

Woods and shady banks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

535. <sc>H. purum.</sc> Dill. St. 4–6in., not coloured, erect,
pinnate; br. slightly curved, not cuspidate at apex; l.
closely imbricate, broadly elliptical, concave, with recurved
points, almost boat-shaped, entire, nerved half way; caps.
ovate, suddenly horizontal; lid conical.

Shady banks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h6
2. St. almost simple, or sparingly branched;\
l. closely imbricate when dry: dioicous.

536. <sc>H. stramineum.</sc> Dicks. St. 2–4in. erect, filiform,
with few erect branches; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong,
obtuse, entire, concave, thinly nerved nearly to apex; cells
enlarged quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; caps. small,
ovate, curved, cernuous; lid short, conical.

Marshes amongst <i>Sphagnum</i>; rare in fr. <pm right '<sc>IV. V.</sc>'>

.sp 2

537. <sc>H. trifarium.</sc> W. & M. St. 2–3in. erect or
trailing, sparingly branched; l. very closely imbricate,
.bn 188.png
.pn +1
fragile when dry; generally but not always trifarious,
roundish obtuse, inflated, entire, nerved almost to apex;
caps. oval-oblong, curved, cernuous; lid conical.

Alpine bogs and turfy rills. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc> (?)'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>Sect. XI.</i> Fastigiate, sparingly branched; l. imbricate\
secund, ventricose, faintly nerved.

538. <sc>H. scorpioides.</sc> Dill. St. 3–4in. erect or procumbent,
irregularly pinnate; branches short; l. crowded,
imbricate, falcato-secund, large, roundish ovate, ventricose,
apiculate, entire, nerveless or faintly and shortly two-nerved,
purplish brown or lurid; caps. short oblong curved, tumid,
cernuous, on a long seta; lid conical, pointed.

Bogs. <pm right '<sc>V.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h4
<i>Sub-genus</i> XIII. <sc>Hylocomium.</sc> St. woody, pinnate or\
bipinnate, or sparingly branched; l. scariose,\
shining, sulcate, thinly two-nerved, without\
radicles; cells narrow, linear, broader at base;\
caps. ovate or ovate-globose, coriaceous, lid\
mammillate, perist. large, perfect.

.sp 2
.h5
<i>a.</i> irregularly bi-tripinnate, l. loosely\
imbricate; lid rostrate.

539. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) splendens.</sc> Dill. St. 2–6in.,
erect or procumbent, interruptedly bi-tripinnate, villous,
reddish; fol. reddish or fulvous green; st. l. roundish elliptical,
with long wavy points; br. l. with a short point
or muticous—all imbricate concave serrate, shortly two-nerved,
margin recurved below; caps. ovate, curved, cernuous;
lid convex, tapering into a long beak: dioicous.

Grassy banks, woods, &c. <pm right '<sc>IV.</sc>'>
.bn 189.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.h5
<i>b.</i> irregularly pinnate, l. patent, lid mammillate\
or shortly beaked.

540. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) umbratum.</sc> Ehrh. St. arched,
sub-erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; l.
yellowish green, glossy, cordate acuminate, serrate, plicato-striate,
nerve unequally bifurcate; caps. short, roundish,
obovate, curved, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous.

Alpine woods on stones. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

541. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) Oakesii.</sc> Sulliv. St. arched,
irregularly and distantly pinnate, with branched villi; l.
larger, elliptical, concave, not cordate, plicato-striate, serrate,
and sharply acuminate, singly nerved half way or shortly
two-nerved, margin recurved; per. l. squarrose; caps.
roundish ovate, gibbous above, cernuous; lid conical, shortly
beaked: dioicous.

Alpine rocks. <pm right 'Autumn (?)'>

.sp 2

542. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) brevirostre.</sc> Ehrh. St. 2–6in.
arched, erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; st.
l. distant, almost squarrose, plicato-striate, cordate, and
suddenly acuminate; br. l. ovate-acuminate, not so suddenly
acuminate, striate—all serrulate and two-nerved half way;
caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, tapering into
a rather long inclined beak: dioicous.

Mountainous woods. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>c.</i> L. squarrose.

543. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) squarrosum.</sc> Dill. St. 2–3in.
reddish, slender, more or less erect, irregularly pinnate;
br. drooping; st. l. squarrose, recurved, ovate, gradually
tapering and very acute, faintly striate below; br. l. narrower,
.bn 190.png
.pn +1
less recurved, and squarrose—all serrulate and shortly
two-nerved: caps. roundish ovate, drooping; lid conical,
with a short sharp point: dioicous.

Banks and woods. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

544. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) triquetrum.</sc> Dill. St. 6in. or
more, rigid, reddish, erect, sub-pinnate; br. long straggling;
st. l. squarrose or sub-secund, striate; br. l. spreading,
scarcely striate—all triangular acuminate from a cordate,
amplexicaul base, serrulate and two-nerved half way; caps.
roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous.

Woods, &c. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h5
<i>d.</i> L. secund, or falcato-secund.

545. <sc>H. (Hylocomium) loreum.</sc> Dill. St. 6–12in.
slender, erect, or procumbent, more or less pinnate; br.
drooping straggling; l. squarrose, recurved, more or less
secund at summit of stem and branches, ovate-lanceolate,
with a long acumen, not cordate or amplexicaul; plicato-striate
below; shortly and faintly two-nerved, sometimes
nerveless; caps. small roundish ovate; lid conical, sharply
pointed: dioicous.

Mountainous woods. <pm right '<sc>XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
84. OMALIA. <sc>Brid.</sc>

546. <sc>O. trichomanoides.</sc> Dill. St. about 1in. irregularly
pinnate; l. crowded, sub-secund, complanate, oval, serrulate
at obtuse rounded apex, faintly nerved half way; caps.
small sub-cylindrical, sub-erect, lid with an oblique beak.

Trunks of trees and shady rocks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
85. NECKERA. Hedwig.

547. <sc>N. complanata.</sc> Bry. Eur. St. 1–2in. pinnate; br.
.bn 191.png
.pn +1
short crowded attenuate; l. complanate, not undulate,
obliquely ovate-oblong, suddenly apiculate from broadish
apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved; caps. roundish elliptical,
tapering below, erect; lid large, obliquely rostrate:
dioicous.

Trunks of trees, walls, &c. <pm right '<sc>X.—XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

548. <sc>N. crispa.</sc> Dill. St. 4–6in. pinnate, from a
creeping rhizome; l. complanate, undulate, ovate-oblong or
ovate-ligulate, somewhat obtuse and pointed, serrulate at
apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved or singly nerved half
way; caps. roundish ovate erect; lid with a long oblique
beak: dioicous.

Mountainous rocks, trees. <pm right '<sc>XI.—IV.</sc>'>

.sp 2

549. <sc>N. pumila.</sc> Huds. St. 1–2in. sub-pinnate, with
slender flagellæ and short complanate branches; l. complanate
undulate, ovate-oblong, tapering, apiculate or acuminate,
somewhat concave, serrulate, margin recurved, shortly two-nerved
or nerveless; caps. elliptical, erect, on a very short
seta; lid with a short beak: dioicous.

Trunks of trees and rocks. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2

550. <sc>N. Philippeana.</sc> Schp. Primary stem creeping
densely pinnate, secondary ascending remotely pinnate; l.
densely imbricate, complanate, strongly and elegantly undulate,
ovate-lanceolate, sharply narrowed into a longer or
shorter flexuose apiculus, nerveless; areolæ small linear.
[Bry. Eur. <sc>V.</sc> 445. Schp. Syn. 471.] Possibly only a
variety of <i>N. pumila</i>.

Bark of a young ash tree, Valley of Hirnant, Bala, N.
Wales (Rev. H. H. Higgins), July, 1872, barren; Scotland.

.sp 2

551. <sc>N. pennata.</sc> Hall. St. 2in. pinnate, with complanate
longer branches; l. complanate undulate, ovate-lanceolate,
.bn 192.png
.pn +1
tapering to a slightly serrulate point, otherwise
entire, nerveless, or sometimes shortly and faintly two-nerved;
caps. oblong or oval immersed, lid with a short
oblique beak: monoicous.

Trunks of trees, rare. <pm right 'Spring.'>

.sp 2
.h3
86. HOOKERIA. <sc>Smith.</sc>

552. <sc>H. lucens.</sc> Dill. St. 1–3in. procumbent, with
irregular complanate branches; l. complanate, large roundish
ovate, obtuse, entire, nerveless; areolæ large, hexagonal,
pellucid; caps. roundish elliptical, almost pendulous; lid
conical, suddenly tapering into a long straight beak:
monoicous.

Moist banks, stones in streams, &c. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

553. <sc>H. lætevirens.</sc> H. & T. St. shorter and more
slender, procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. complanate, loosely
imbricate, smaller, ovate, suddenly and shortly acuminate,
with a thickened border; doubly nerved above half way,
serrulate at apex; areolæ smaller, hexagonal; caps. smaller,
drooping, roundish, elliptical; lid as above: monoicous.

Caves, wet rocks, and by rivulets. <pm right '<sc>XI. XII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
87. DALTONIA. <sc>Hooker & Taylor.</sc>

554. <sc>D. splachnoides.</sc> H. & T. St. ¼in. tufted, erect,
br. fastigiate; l. crowded, sub-erect, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, slightly keeled, entire, nerve vanishing below
apex; per. l. small ovate; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect,
lid large, with a long straight beak.

Sub-alpine moist shady rocks and trees, rare. <pm right '<sc>X. XI.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
88. CRYPHÆA. <sc>Mohr.</sc>

555. <sc>C. heteromalla.</sc> Dill. St. 1in. decumbent,
sparingly branched, sub-pinnate; l. spreading, imbricate,
.bn 193.png
.pn +1
slightly recurved, broadly ovate, pointed, concave, thickly
nerved nearly to apex; per. l. elliptic, with an excurrent
nerve; caps. oblong immersed, appearing secund; lid conical,
pointed: synoicous.

Trunks of trees.

.dl float=y combine=y hang=y w=7 align=r
var. β. |<i>aquatilis.</i> st. elongate, l. roundish ovate obtuse;
stones in running streams, or trees.
.dl-

.sp 2
.h3
89. FONTINALIS. <sc>Dill.</sc>

556. <sc>F. antipyretica.</sc> L. St. very long, often 1ft.,
with long spreading branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, very
concave, keeled, nerveless, all on each branch with one
margin reflexed on the same side, the other plane, sometimes
serrulate near apex; caps. oval or ovate, immersed; lid long
conical acute.

Streams and stagnant water. <pm right '<sc>VI. VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2

557. <sc>F. squarrosa.</sc> L. St. shorter, but elongate; br.
numerous, crowded fasciculate, not spreading; l. lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, concave, not keeled, margin not reflexed,
nerveless, entire; caps. similar to last.

Mountain rivulets. <pm right '<sc>VI.</sc> <sc>VII.</sc>'>

.sp 2
.h3
90. DICHELYMA. <sc>Myrin.</sc>

558. <sc>D. capillaceum.</sc> Dicks. St. 3–6in. slender,
brittle, with a few distichous spreading branches; l. erecto-patent,
secund, subulate-setaceous, keeled, with a long
excurrent nerve; per. l. long convolute, nerveless; caps.
short oval, almost immersed; lid large conical, beaked.

Alpine rivulets. <pm right 'Summer.'>
.bn 194.png
.pn +1

.sp 4
.h2
APPENDIX.
.sp 2
.h3
I. ADDITIONAL SPECIES.

<sc>Sphagnum laricinum.</sc> Spruce. (<i>S. neglectum</i>, Angst.)
St. 4–6in. solid, <i>the bark</i> pale, of 2–3 layers of cells. Br.
fascicles more or less crowded, of 3–4 br., of which one or
two are divergent, the others pendent, but not appressed nor
acute. St. l. small ovate, cucullate at apex, at last minutely
fimbriate, patent or reflexed; basal cells hyaline utricular,
the middle and lateral very narrow, the apical rhomboid,
with scarcely any fibres or pores; br. l. sub-secund, recurved
at point, ovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the point
with 3–5 teeth, margin recurved above, rather broadly
bordered; hyaline cells serpentine elongate, with many
threads and pores; caps. scarcely exserted. [Dr. Braithwaite,
Monthly Micros. Jour., 1872, p. 159.]

Deep bogs.

Terrington Carr, Yorkshire, 1846 (Spruce); Holyhead
(Wilson); Braemar, 1868 (Hunt).

<sc>Dicranum undulatum.</sc> Ehr. St. naked and decumbent
at base; l. patulous, upper falcato-secund or appressed and
slightly secund from a broad oblong base, lanceolate, gradually
narrowed into a dagger-shaped point ending somewhat
abruptly in the acute apex, beautifully undulate in the upper
half, carinate; margin revolute below, coarsely serrate
above with spinulose irregular teeth; nerve flattened, narrow
and extended to apex, narrowly two-winged and <i>serrate</i> at
back; cells elongate oblong or elongate hexagonal, those of
central base sub-quadrate and hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, in
<i>Grevillea</i>, i., 108.]
.bn 195.png
.pn +1

Stockton Forest, near York, 1842 (Spruce); again 1872
(Mr. Anderson). It has doubtless been frequently overlooked
or mistaken for <i>D. scoparium</i> or <i>D. Bonjeanii</i>
(<i>palustre</i>).

<sc>Bryum (Webera) Breidleri.</sc> Juratzka. Dioicous. St.
1½in. reddish brown and procumbent below, light green above,
l. ovate, decurrent, erecto-patent, concave, serrate towards
apex, margin recurved, thinly nerved nearly to apex, areolæ
narrow elongate, upper acute at both ends, lower quadrate;
male fl. terminal discoid, outer perig. l. spreading elliptic-lanceolate,
saccate at base, margin strongly recurved, apex
cucullate serrate; inner obovate, suddenly acuminate;
perich. l. linear-lanceolate, strongly nerved; caps. oval
pendulous, glaucous green when young, pale reddish brown
when ripe, on a slender seta geniculate at base. [Hunt.
Mem. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Manchr., 1871–2, p. 101.]

Wet <i>debris</i> of slaty rocks near springs. <pm right '<sc>VII. VIII.</sc>'>

Glen Callater, Loch-na-gar, Carnlochan Glen (Hunt).

<sc>Bryum. (Webera) Schimperi.</sc> Wils. (<i>non</i> Bry. Eur.)
L. more rigid, erect, narrow, lanceolate, less decurrent, nerve
stronger, continued almost to apex; areolæ a little longer and
more obscure. [Hunt, l. c.]

<i>Debris</i> of micaceous rock. <pm right '<sc>VII.</sc>'>

Ben Lawers, Perthshire Mts., Snowdon.

.sp 2
.h3
II. ALTERATIONS OF NOMENCLATURE,\
AND SYNONYMS.

No. 54. <i>W. truncicola</i> De Not. =

<sc>Dicranum montanum.</sc> Hedw. “Having shown the
specimen to Prof. Lindberg during his recent visit, he
.bn 196.png
.pn +1
informed me that he was under the impression that Juratzka
had referred it to <i>Dic. montanum</i>; and on comparing the two
I find they are truly identical. The species is, however,
none the less an addition to our flora....  its place will be
next to <i>D. strictum.</i>” [Dr. Braithwaite, in <i>Grevillea</i> i., p. 75.]


No. 71. <i>Dicranum polycarpum.</i> β. <i>strumiferum</i> =
<sc>Oncophorus strumifer.</sc> Brid.

.sp 2
.h4
ONCOPHORUS.  <sc>Brid.</sc>

.in 6
L. spreading flexuose from a sub-decurrent base;
caps. cernuous incurved, neck shortly and widely
strumose, not striate.
.in 0

<sc>O. strumifer.</sc> Brid. “This is again restored to the rank
of a species, as it differs from <i>O. polycarpus (Dicranum)</i> in
the caps. being more or less cernuous, constantly strumose at
base, with a compound annulus, and in the leaves having
papillæ only on the upper surface.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour.
Bot. <sc>VIII.</sc> 228.]

.sp 2

84. <sc>Dicranum heteromallum.</sc> δ. <i>sericeum.</i>

Add as a synonym, <i>Dicranodontium sericeum</i>. Schp.

.sp 2

85. <i>D. Starkii.</i> β. <i>molle</i> =

<sc>D. arcticum.</sc> Schp. Its general appearance better distinguishes
it from <i>D. Starkii</i> than its microscopical characters.
It is <i>quite erect</i>, growing in large loose patches, stems 3–4in.,
elastic, very robust; foliage of a fine purplish brown colour;
leaf wider below, and more suddenly contracted upwards,
with a thinner nerve; fruits earlier. [Hunt. l. c. p. 321.]

Ben-mac-dhui and Ben Nevis.

.sp 2

92. <sc>D. circinnatum.</sc> Wils.

Add as synonyms <i>Dicranodontium aristatum</i>. Schp. <i>D.
asperulum.</i> Mitt.
.bn 197.png
.pn +1

96. <sc>D. palustre.</sc> Brid. Dr. Braithwaite points out in
<i>Grevillea</i> <sc>I.</sc>, 109, that La Pylaie’s specimens of this moss
(Bridel Bryol. Univ. <sc>I.</sc> 814) belong to <i>Campylopus flexuosus</i>,
as shewn by De Notaris in his Epil. Bryol. Ital.; and that
hence the name <sc>D. Bonjeanii</sc>, De Not. is to be preferred.
The synonymy would then stand:—

.sp 2

96. <sc>D. Bonjeanii.</sc> De Not. Syllab. Muse. 213 (1838);
Muell. Synopsis <sc>I.</sc>, 369 (1849). <i>D. palustre.</i> Bry. Eur. and
Bry. Brit., p. 79 (<i>non</i> Bridel.) <i>D. undulatum.</i> Turn. Musc.
Hib.

The following amended diagnosis of this species is from
the same author (in <i>Grev.</i> i., 109):—“Seta solitary; st. erect;
l. more or less erecto-patent, straight, from a broad linear
flat base, broadly oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into
a strap-shaped point, tapering into an acute apex, lightly
undulate above, canaliculate; margin acutely serrate above,
teeth uniform in shape and direction; nerve very narrow,
vanishing below apex, <i>smooth</i> at back; basal cells short
quadrate, brownish, above elongate hexagonal or parallelogramic,
uppermost elliptic-oblong.”

.sp 2

361. <i>E. minimum</i>, Hunt. is now ascertained to be
<sc>Splachnobryum Wrightii</sc>, Muell., and can hardly be
considered as indigenous, “for the spores have most probably
been mixed with soil attached to some exotic, and thus
accidentally scattered on the wall where it was found.”—[Braithwaite.]

.sp 2

SPLACHNOBRYUM. C. Muell. Verhand. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien, 1869. p. 501.

“Calyp. dimidiate, enclosing the whole theca and embracing
spirally the upper part of the seta, cleft at side, smooth,
.bn 198.png
.pn +1
fugacious. Perist. simple, arising below mouth of caps.,
teeth 16 very narrow, linear-lanceolate acicular, with the
articulations remote. Columella immersed. Dioicous, male
fl. gemmaceous, without paraphyses. Plants small slender,
with distant spathulate leaves.”

.sp 2

<sc>S. Wrightii.</sc> Muell. l. c. (<i>Entosthodon minimus</i>, Hunt. l. c.
<i>Amblyphyllum Hibernicum</i>, Lindb. MS.)

“St. ¼–⅓in. simple sub-flexuose, pale red, slightly radiculose;
l. bright green distant (base narrow, slightly decurrent),
patent, flattish, obovate or spathulate, rounded at apex,
margin reflexed below, entire or minutely serrulate in male,
crenulate above in female plant, nerve thick, prominent at
back, vanishing below apex; cells large lax, pellucid, smooth,
incrassate, rhombo-rectangular at base, rhomboidal above,
smaller and nearly circular at margin; caps. erect, obconical
at base, sub-cylindrical, wide-mouthed, pale brown; seta
slender, twisted to left; lid conical acute.” [Dr. Braithwaite,
l. c.]

.sp 2
.h3 id=ERRATA
III. ERRATA.

.ta c:2 r:4 h:63 s='ERRATA' w=none
p. |57. |Head line, “c” inverted.
„ |71. |line 9, for “obtuse,” read “acute.”
„ |81. |line 5 from bottom, specific name should begin with\
a capital M.
„| 99.| for “<sc>Tetradontium</sc>” read “<sc>Tetrodontium</sc>.”
„| <al=c>„| last line, before “long” read “l.”
„| 127. |line 17, for “hexaganal” read “hexagonal.”
„| 141. |line 6 from bottom, for “Nowcll” read “Nowell.”
„| 152. |line 5 from bottom, for “<sc>EURYNCHUM</sc>” read “<sc>EURYNCHIUM</sc>.”
„| 139. |line 3, for “<sc>Anæctangium</sc>” read “<sc>Anœctangium</sc>.”
.ta-
.bn 199.png
.pn +1

.sp 4
.h2
GLOSSARY|\
<s>OF THE</s>|\
<l>PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN THIS VOLUME.</l>
.sp 2

.ix
<i>Acuminate.</i> taper-pointed.

<i>Acute.</i> pointed, scarcely tapering.
<i>Alar.</i> (cells) at basal angles.
<i>Annulus.</i> an elastic ring round mouth of caps.
<i>Apicu-lus (-late.)</i> a very short point.
<i>Apophysis.</i> an excrescence; a swelling at base of capsule.
<i>Arcuate.</i> arched or curved.
<i>Areolæ.</i> the leaf cells.
<i>Arista.</i> a short bristly point.
<i>Auricles</i> (of leaf). short lobes on each side of base.

<i>Bifarious.</i> two-ranked.

<i>Cæpitose.</i> tufted or matted together.
<i>Calyptra.</i> the outermost covering, or veil, of the capsule.
<i>Capsule.</i> the fruit, enclosing the spores.
<i>Carinate.</i> keeled.
<i>Cernuous.</i> nodding.
<i>Chlorophyll.</i> the green matter filling the cells.
<i>Cilia.</i> hair-like divisions of the inner peristome.
<i>Circinnate.</i> curved nearly into a circle.
<i>Cirrhose.</i> having a very narrow hair-like wavy point.
<i>Clavate.</i> club-shaped.
<i>Columella.</i> the central pillar of caps. round which the spores are grouped.
<i>Comal.</i> the large topmost leaves of some stems.
<i>Complanate.</i> flat.
<i>Convolute.</i> rolled together. Acuminate. taper-pointed.
.bn 200.png
.pn +1
<i>Cucullate</i> (<i>cucullus</i>). hooded.
<i>Cuspidate.</i> with a short bristly point.

<i>Decurrent.</i> (of leaf.) running down the stem.
<i>Dendroid.</i> tree-like.
<i>Dentate.</i> toothed.
<i>Denticulate.</i> with smaller teeth.
<i>Diaphanous.</i> semi-transparent.
<i>Dichotomous.</i> forked.
<i>Dimidiate.</i> split up one side.
<i>Dioicous.</i> barren and fertile flowers on different plants.
<i>Distichous.</i> inserted in two opposite rows.
<i>Divaricate.</i> widely spreading.
<i>Dorsal.</i> at the back.

<i>Erose.</i> as if bitten or gnawed out.
<i>Excurrent.</i> (of nerve.) continued beyond the apex of leaf.
<i>Exserted.</i> standing out from the leaves.

<i>Falcate.</i> falchion-shaped, or much bent.
<i>Fasciculate</i> (stems or branches), of unequal height.
<i>Fastigiate</i> (stems or branches), reaching to same height.
<i>Filiform.</i> thread-like.
<i>Fugacious.</i> falling early.

<i>Gemmiform</i> or <i>Gemmaceous</i>. like a bud.
<i>Geniculate.</i> suddenly bent like the leg when kneeling.
<i>Gibbous.</i> bunched or swelling out.
<i>Granulate.</i> roughly dotted on surface.
<i>Gregarious.</i> growing together, but not matted.

<i>Hamate, Hamulose.</i> bent like a hook.
<i>Hyaline.</i> glassy.
<i>Hygrometric</i> (<i>Hygroscopic</i>). moving when moistened.

<i>Imbricate.</i> overlapping each other like tiles.
<i>Immersed</i> (of caps.) when almost buried in the leaves.
<i>Inflexed.</i> bent inwards.
.bn 201.png
.pn +1

<i>Julaceous.</i> resembling a slender glossy worm.

<i>Lamina.</i> the blade of the leaf.
<i>Lid.</i> the cover to the mouth of caps.
<i>Ligulate.</i> strap-shaped.
<i>Lingulate.</i> tongue-shaped.

<i>Mitriform</i> (of calyp.) mitre-shaped, not split up the side.
<i>Monoicous.</i> barren and fertile fl. on same plant, but not on same receptacle.
<i>Mucro.</i> a short terminal point.
<i>Mucronate.</i> terminated with a mucro.
<i>Muriculate.</i> roughened with sharpish prominences.
<i>Muticous.</i> without a point.

<i>Ochrea.</i> the filmy sheath surrounding base of seta.

<i>Pagina.</i> the blade of the leaf apart from the nerve.
<i>Panduriform.</i> fiddle-shaped.
<i>Papillose.</i> roughened with blunt roundish prominences.
<i>Percurrent.</i> extending the entire length.
<i>Perichætium.</i> the leafy involucre at base of seta, surrounding the vaginula in fertile fl.
<i>Perigonium.</i> the leaves surrounding the barren fl.
<i>Peristome.</i> the teeth at mouth of caps. covered by the lid before it falls.
<i>Plicate.</i> furrowed.
<i>Præmorse.</i> ending suddenly, as if bitten off.
<i>Pyriform.</i> pear-shaped.

<i>Quadrate.</i> square.

<i>Radicles.</i> small rooting fibres.
<i>Radiculose.</i> covered with radicles.
<i>Rhizome.</i> a creeping subterranean stem.
<i>Rhomboid (rhombus).</i> an oblique square.
<i>Rostellate.</i> with a very short beak.
<i>Rostrate.</i> with a longer beak.
.bn 202.png
.pn +1
<i>Rugose.</i> wrinkled or crumpled.

<i>Scariose.</i> dry and chaffy (opposed to tender and succulent).
<i>Secund.</i> all turned to one side.
<i>Seta.</i> the fruit-stalk.
<i>Setaceous.</i> bristle-shaped.
<i>Spathulate.</i> somewhat resembling a battle-door.
<i>Strumose.</i> swollen at base.
<i>Sub-.</i> in a slight degree; <i>e. g.</i> “sub-serrate” slightly serrate.
<i>Subula.</i> an awl.
<i>Subulate.</i> awl-shaped.
<i>Sulcate.</i> furrowed.
<i>Synoicous.</i> male and female fl. on same receptacle.

<i>Terete.</i> cylindrical.
<i>Thæca.</i> the capsule.
<i>Tomentose.</i> covered with down.
<i>Truncate.</i> having the point cut off.
<i>Tumid.</i> swollen.
<i>Turbinate.</i> shaped like a peg-top.

<i>Vaginula.</i> the cellular sheath surrounding the base of the seta.
<i>Vermicular.</i> narrow and wavy (like a worm).
<i>Villi.</i> short leafy processes on the stem amongst the leaves.
<i>Villous.</i> covered with villi.

<i>Uncinate.</i> bent like a hook.
<i>Undulate.</i> wavy.
.ix-
.bn 203.png
.pn +1

.sp 4
.h2
INDEX|\
<l>TO GENERA AND SYNONYMS.</l>
.sp 2

.ix
Amblyodon, #125#

Amblystegium, #162#

Anacalypta, #57#

Andreæa, #21#

Anodus, #38#

Anœctangium, #139#

Anomodon, #140#

Antitrichia, #140#

Archidium, #26#

Arctoa, #39#

Atrichum, #100#

Aulacomnion, #105#


<i>Barbula</i>, #66#

Bartramia, #128#

Bartramidula, #128#

Blindia, #39#

Brachyodus, #36#

Brachythecium, #148#

Bryum, #106#

Buxbaumia, #99#


Camptothecium, #147#

Campylopus, #50#

Campylostelium, #36#

Catascopium, #132#

Ceratodon, #49#

Cinclidium, #124#

Cinclidotus, #74#

Climacium, #142#

Conostomum, #132#

Cryphæa, #184#

Cylindrothecium, #142#

Cynodontium, #39#, #59#


Daltonia, #184#

<i>Desmatodon</i>, #58#, #65#

Dichelyma, #185#

Dicranodontium, #44#, #47#, #49#

<i>Dicranella</i>, #40#, #63#

Dicranum, #40#

Didymodon, #58#, #65#

Diphyscium, #99#

Discelium, #133#

Dissodon, #134#

Distichium, #58#

<i>Ditrichum</i>, #62#

<i>Dryptodon</i>, #86#


Encalypta, #74#

Entosthodon, #127#

<i>Ephemerum</i>, #26#

Eurynchium, #152#


Fissidens, #135#

Fontinalis, #185#

Funaria, #126#


Glyphomitrium, #88#

Grimmia, #77#

Gymnostomum, #31#


Habrodon, #141#

Hedwigia, #76#

Hedwigidium, #77#

Hookeria, #184#

Hylocomium, #180#

Hyocomium, #156#

Hypnum, #143#, #145#
  <i>eu</i>-Hypnum, #165#


Isothecium, #142#, #152#


Leptobryum, #106#

Leptodon, #140#
.bn 204.png
.pn +1

Leskea, #143#, #160#, #163#

Leucobryum, #49#

Leucodon, #139#


Meesia, #125#

Mielichhoferia, #124#

Mnium, #121#

<i>Myurella</i>, #143#


Neckera, #182#


Œdipodium, #135#

Oligotrichum, #101#

Omalia, #182#

Oncophorus, #188#

Orthodontium, #106#

Orthotrichum, #89#


Paludella, #125#

Phascum, #26#

<i>Philonotis</i>, #129#

Physcomitrium, #127#

Plagiothecium, #160#

Pogonatum, #101#

Polytrichum, #102#

Pottia, #55#, #64#

Pterogonium, #141#

Ptychodium, #147#

Ptychomitrium, #89#


Racomitrium, #86#

Rhabdoweissia, #36#

Rhynchostegium, #157#


<i>Schistidium</i>, #77#

Schistostega, #135#

Scleropodium, #151#

Seligeria, #37#

Sphagnum, #23#

Splachnobryum, #189#

Splachnum, #133#

Stylostegium, #38#

<i>Syntrichia</i>, #70#


Tayloria, #134#

Tetraphis, #98#

Tetraplodon, #134#

Tetrodontium, #99#

Thamnium, #159#

Thuyidium, #145#

Timmia, #104#

Tortola, #63#, #74#

Trichostomum, #50#, #69#, #73#


Webera, #187#

Weissia, #33#


Zygodon, #97#
.ix-

.sp 2
.ce
<s>B. BROWN, PRINTER, HUDDERSFIELD</s>
.bn 205.png
.pb
.ni
.sp 2
.nf c
<l>THE MICROSCOPE IN BOTANY.</l>

MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS,

(Unmounted) illustrating

TYPICAL FORMS OF VEGETABLE STRUCTURE,
.nf-
Selection of 24, 3s., post free. Also other interesting unmounted objects,
suited to the requirements of Amateur Microscopists, prepared by
.rj
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.tb
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On the 1st of every month, 32 pp., Demy 8vo., with at least One Plate,

<l>THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY,</l>

BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Edited by <sc>Henry Trimen</sc>, M.B., F.L.S., British Museum, assisted by <sc>J. G. Baker</sc>,\
F. L. S., Royal Herbarium, Kew.
.nf-
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Subscriptions for 1873 (12s. post free in the United Kingdom) payable in
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London, W.C., of whom may be obtained the volume for 1872 (price
16s. 6d. bound in cloth); also covers for the volume (price 1s.), and back
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<l><b>The Scottish Naturalist</b>:</l>

A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY,

<l>EDITED BY F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D.</l>

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.nf-
.bn 206.png
.bn 207.png
.pn 1001
.pi
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.rj
<sc>London</sc>, <sc>January 1st, 1873</sc>.
.nf c
<l>LIST OF WORKS</l>

PUBLISHED BY

<xl>L. REEVE & CO.</xl>


NEW SERIES OF NATURAL HISTORY\
FOR BEGINNERS.
.nf-
⁂ A good introductory series of books on Natural History for
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present in use have been too much compiled from antiquated sources;
whilst the figures, copied in many instances from sources equally antiquated,
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The present series will be entirely the result of original research
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cases be drawn from actual specimens, and coloured separately by
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Each work will treat of a department of Natural History sufficiently
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.sp 2
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British Insects; a Familiar Description of the
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.sp 2
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BOTANY.

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The Young Collector’s Handybook of Botany.
By the Rev. <sc>H. P. Dunster</sc>, M.A. 66 Wood-Engravings,
3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
The Natural History of Plants. By <sc>H.
Baillon</sc>, President of the Linnæan Society of Paris, Professor
of Medical Natural History and Director of the Botanical Garden
of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Translated by <sc>Marcus
M. Hartog</sc>, B. Sc. Lond., Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Super-royal 8vo. Vols. I. and II., with 800 Wood-Engravings,
25<i>s.</i> each.

.sp 2
Domestic Botany; an Exposition of the
Structure and Classification of Plants, and of their uses for Food,
Clothing, Medicine, and Manufacturing Purposes. By <sc>John
Smith</sc>, A.L.S., ex-Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Plates and Wood-Engravings, 16<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Handbook of the British Flora; a Description
of the Flowering Plants and Ferns indigenous to, or naturalized
in, the British Isles. For the Use of Beginners and Amateurs.
By <sc>George Bentham</sc>, F.R.S., President of the Linnæan Society.
New Edition, Crown 8vo, 12<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Illustrated British Flora, a Description
(with a Wood-Engraving, including dissections, of each species)
of the Flowering Plants and Ferns indigenous to, or naturalized
in, the British Isles. By <sc>George Bentham</sc>, F.R.S., President
of the Linnæan Society. Demy 8vo, 2 vols., 1295 Wood-Engravings,
from Original Drawings by <sc>W. Fitch</sc>, £3 10<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
British Wild Flowers, Familiarly Described
in the Four Seasons. A New Edition of “The Field Botanist’s
Companion.” By <sc>Thomas Moore</sc>, F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 42
Coloured Plates, by <sc>W. Fitch</sc>, 16<i>s.</i>
.bn 210.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
British Grasses; an Introduction to the Study
of the Gramineæ of Great Britain and Ireland. By <sc>M. Plues</sc>.
Crown 8vo, 100 Wood-Engravings, 6<i>s.</i>; with 16 Coloured
Plates by <sc>W. Fitch</sc>, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine: Figures and
Descriptions of New and Rare Plants of Interest to the Botanical
Student, and suitable for the Garden, Stove, or Greenhouse.
By Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S., Director of the Royal
Gardens, Kew. Royal 8vo. Published Monthly, with 6 Plates,,
3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> coloured.

.sp 2
The Floral Magazine: Figures and Descriptions
of Select New Flowers for the Garden, Stove, or Conservatory.
By the Rev. <sc>H. Honywood Dombrain</sc>, A.B. New
Series, enlarged to Royal 4to. Monthly, with 4 Plates, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
coloured. First Series complete in 10 vols., with 560 beautifully
Coloured Plates, £18 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Outlines of Elementary Botany, as Introductory
to Local Floras. By <sc>George Bentham</sc>, F.R.S., President
of the Linnæan Society. Second Edition, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
The Tourist’s Flora; a Descriptive Catalogue
of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the British Islands,
France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and the Italian Islands.
By <sc>Joseph Woods</sc>, F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 18<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Contributions to the Flora of Mentone, and
to a Winter Flora of the Riviera, including the Coast from
Marseilles to Genoa. By <sc>J. Traherne Moggridge</sc>, F.L.S.
Royal 8vo. In 4 parts, each, with 25 Coloured Plates, 15<i>s.</i>, or
complete in one vol. 63<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Flora Vitiensis; a Description of the Plants
of the Viti or Fiji Islands, with an Account of their History,
Uses, and Properties. By Dr. <sc>Berthold Seemann</sc>, F.L.S.
Royal 4to, Parts I. to IX. each, 10 Coloured Plates, 15<i>s.</i> To
be completed in 10 Parts.
.bn 211.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
Flora of British India. By Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>,
C.B., F.R.S., &c.; assisted by various Botanists. Part I.,
10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Published under the Authority of the Secretary of
State for India in Council.

.sp 2
Flora of Tropical Africa. By <sc>Daniel
Oliver</sc>, F.R.S., F.L.S. Vols I. and II., 20<i>s.</i> each. Published
under the authority of the First Commissioner of Her Majesty’s
Works.

.sp 2
Handbook of the New Zealand Flora; a
Systematic Description of the Native Plants of New Zealand,
and the Chatham, Kermadec’s, Lord Auckland’s, Campbell’s,
and Macquarrie’s Islands. By Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S.
Complete in one vol., 30<i>s.</i> Published under the auspices of the
Government of that colony.

.sp 2
Flora Australiensis; a Description of the
Plants of the Australian Territory. By <sc>George Bentham</sc>,
F.R.S., President of the Linnæan Society, assisted by <sc>Ferdinand
Mueller</sc>, F.R.S., Government Botanist, Melbourne,
Victoria. Vols. I. to V., 20<i>s.</i> each. Published under the
auspices of the several Governments of Australia.

.sp 2
Flora of the British West Indian Islands. By
Dr. <sc>Grisebach</sc>, F.L.S. 37<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Published under the auspices
of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

.sp 2
Flora Hongkongensis; a Description of the
Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Island of Hongkong. By
<sc>George Bentham</sc>, P.L.S. With a Map of the Island. 16<i>s.</i>
Published under the authority of Her Majesty’s Secretary of
State for the Colonies.

.sp 2
Flora Capensis: a Systematic Description of
the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, and Port Natal. By
<sc>William H. Harvey</sc>, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Botany in
the University of Dublin, and <sc>Otto Wilhem Sonder</sc>, Ph.D.
Vols. I and II., 12<i>s.</i> each. Vol. III., 18<i>s.</i>
.bn 212.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
Flora of Tasmania. By Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>,
F.R.S. 2 vols. Royal 4to. 200 Plates, £17 10<i>s.</i>, coloured.
Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty.

.sp 2
On the Flora of Australia, its Origin, Affinities,
and Distribution; being an Introductory Essay to the
“Flora of Tasmania.” By Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S., 10<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Genera Plantarum, ad Exemplaria imprimis
in Herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. By <sc>George Bentham</sc>,
F.R.S., President of the Linnæan Society, and Dr. <sc>J. D.
Hooker</sc>, F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. Vol. I.
Part I. Royal 8vo, 21<i>s.</i> Part II., 14<i>s.</i>; Part III., 15<i>s.</i>; or
Vol. I. complete, 50<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Laws of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by
the International Botanical Congress, with an Historical Introduction
and a Commentary. By <sc>Alphonse de Candolle</sc>.
2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Illustrations of the Nueva Quinologia of
Pavon, with Observations on the Barks described. By <sc>J. E.
Howard</sc>, F.L.S. With 27 coloured Plates by <sc>W. Fitch</sc>. Imperial
folio, half-morocco, gilt edges, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Quinology of the East Indian Plantations.
By <sc>J. E. Howard</sc>, F.L.S. Folio, 3 Coloured Plates, 21<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Revision of the Natural Order Hederaceæ,
being a reprint, with numerous additions and corrections, of a
series of papers published in the “Journal of Botany, British
and Foreign.” By <sc>Berthold Seemann</sc>, Ph.D., F.L.S. 7 Plates,
10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Icones Plantarum. Figures, with Brief Descriptive
Characters and Remarks, of New and Rare Plants,
selected from the Author’s Herbarium. By Sir <sc>W. J. Hooker</sc>,
F.R.S. New Series, Vol. V. 100 Plates, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
.bn 213.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
A Second Century of Orchidaceous Plants,
selected from the Subjects published in Curtis’s “Botanical Magazine”
since the issue of the “First Century.” Edited by <sc>James
Bateman</sc>, Esq., F.R.S. Complete in 1 Vol. royal 4to, 100
Coloured Plates, 5<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Monograph of Odontoglossum, a Genus of the
Vandeous Section of Orchidaceous Plants. By <sc>James Bateman</sc>,
Esq., F.R.S. Imperial folio, Parts I. to IV., each with
5 Coloured Plates, and occasional Wood Engravings, 21<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Select Orchidaceous Plants. By <sc>Robert
Warner</sc>, F.R.H.S. With Notes on Culture by <sc>B. S. Williams</sc>.
Folio, cloth gilt, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend

.in 6
Second Series, Parts I. to IX., each, with 3 Coloured Plates,
10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
.in

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya;
being an Account, Botanical and Geographical, of the Rhododendrons
recently discovered in the Mountains of Eastern
Himalaya from Drawings and Descriptions made on the spot,
by Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S. By Sir <sc>W. J. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S.
Folio, 30 Coloured Plates, 4<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Illustrations of the Genus Carex. By <sc>Francis
Boott</sc>, M.D. Part IV. Folio, 189 Plates, 10<i>l.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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FERNS.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
British Ferns; an Introduction to the Study
of the <sc>Ferns</sc>, <sc>Lycopods</sc>, and <sc>Equiseta</sc> indigenous to the British
Isles. With Chapters on the Structure, Propagation, Cultivation,
Diseases, Uses, Preservation, and Distribution of
Ferns. By <sc>M. Plues</sc>. Crown 8vo, 55 Wood Engravings,
6<i>s.</i>; with 16 Coloured Plates by <sc>W. Fitch</sc>, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
The British Ferns; Coloured Figures and Descriptions,
with Analysis of the Fructification and Venation of
the Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland, systematically arranged.
By Sir <sc>W. J. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 66 Coloured Plates,
2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>
.bn 214.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
Garden Ferns; Coloured Figures and Descriptions,
with Analysis of the Fructification and Venation, of a
Selection of Exotic Ferns, adapted for Cultivation in the Garden,
Hothouse, and Conservatory. By Sir <sc>W. J. Hooker</sc>,
F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 64 Coloured Plates, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Filices Exoticæ; Coloured Figures and Description
of Exotic Ferns. By Sir <sc>W. J. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S.
Royal 4to, 100 Coloured Plates, 6<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Ferny Combes; a Ramble after Ferns in the
Glens and Valleys of Devonshire. By <sc>Charlotte Chanter</sc>.
<i>Third Edition.</i> Fcap. 8vo, 8 Coloured Plates by <sc>Fitch</sc>, and a
Map of the County, 5<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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MOSSES.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
Handbook of British Mosses, containing all
that are known to be natives of the British Isles. By the Rev.
<sc>M. J. Berkeley</sc>, M.A., F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 24 Coloured
Plates, 21<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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SEAWEEDS.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
British Seaweeds; an Introduction to the
Study of the Marine <sc>Algæ</sc> of Great Britain, Ireland, and the
Channel Islands. By <sc>S. O. Gray</sc>. Crown 8vo, 6<i>s.</i>; with 16
Coloured Plates, drawn expressly for the work by <sc>W. Fitch</sc>,
10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Phycologia Britannica; or, History of British
Seaweeds, containing Coloured Figures, Generic and Specific
Characters, Synonyms and Descriptions of all the Species of
Algæ inhabiting the Shores of the British Islands. By Dr. <sc>W.
H. Harvey</sc>, F.R.S. New Edition. Royal 8vo, 4 vols. 360
Coloured Plates, 7<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>
.bn 215.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
Phycologia Australica: a History of Australian
Seaweeds, comprising Coloured Figures and Descriptions
of the more characteristic Marine Algæ of New South Wales,
Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia,
and a Synopsis of all known Australian Algæ. By Dr. <sc>Harvey</sc>,
F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 5 vols., 300 Coloured Plates, 7<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Nereis Australis; or, Algæ of the Southern
Ocean, being Figures and Descriptions of Marine Plants collected
on the Shores of the Cape of Good Hope, the extra-tropical
Australian Colonies, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the
Antarctic Regions. By Dr. <sc>Harvey</sc>, F.R.S. Imperial 8vo,
50 Coloured Plates, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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FUNGI.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
Outlines of British Fungology, containing
Characters of above a Thousand Species of Fungi, and a Complete
List of all that have been described as Natives of the
British Isles. By the Rev. <sc>M. J. Berkeley</sc>, M.A., F.L.S.
Demy 8vo, 24 Coloured Plates, 30<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Esculent Funguses of England. Containing
an Account of their Classical History, Uses, Characters,
Development, Structure, Nutritious Properties, Modes of Cooking
and Preserving, &c. By <sc>C. D. Badham</sc>, M.D. Second
Edition. Edited by <sc>F. Currey</sc>, F.R.S. Demy 8vo, 12 Coloured
Plates, 12<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Illustrations of British Mycology, comprising
Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty
indigenous to Britain. By Mrs. <sc>T. J. Hussey</sc>. Royal 4to.
Second Series, 50 Coloured Plates, £4 10<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Clavis Agaricinorum: an Analytical Key to
the British Agaricini, with Characters of the Genera and Subgenera.
By <sc>Worthington G. Smith</sc>, F.L.S. Six Plates,
2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
.pm hangingend
.bn 216.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
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SHELLS AND MOLLUSKS.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
Elements of Conchology; an Introduction to
the Natural History of Shells, and of the Animals which form
them. By <sc>Lovell Reeve</sc>, F.L.S. Royal 8vo, 2 vols. 62
Coloured Plates, £2 16<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Conchologia Iconica; or, Figures and Descriptions
of the Shells of Mollusks, with remarks on their Affinities,
Synonymy, and Geographical Distribution. By <sc>Lovell Reeve</sc>,
F.L.S. Demy 4to, in double Parts, with 16 Coloured Plates.
20<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Conchologia Indica; Illustrations of the Land
and Freshwater Shells of British India. Edited by <sc>Sylvanus
Hanley</sc>, F.L.S., and <sc>William Theobald</sc>, of the Geological
Survey of India. 4to, Parts I. to V., each with 20 Coloured
Plates, 20<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Edible Mollusks of Great Britain and
Ireland, with the Modes of Cooking them. By <sc>M. S. Lovell</sc>.
Crown 8vo, 5<i>s.</i>; with 12 Coloured Plates, 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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INSECTS.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders;
Notes and Observations on their Habits and Dwellings. By
<sc>J. T. Moggridge</sc>, F.L.S. Coloured Plates, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
British Insects. A Familiar Description of
the Form, Structure, Habits, and Transformations of Insects.
By <sc>E. F. Staveley</sc>, Author of “British Spiders.” Crown
8vo, with 16 beautifully Coloured Steel Plates and numerous
Wood-Engravings, 14<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
British Beetles; an Introduction to the Study
of our Indigenous <sc>Coleoptera</sc>. By <sc>E. C. Rye</sc>. Crown 8vo,
16 Coloured Steel Plates, comprising Figures of nearly 100
Species, engraved from Natural Specimens, expressly for the
work, by <sc>E. W. Robinson</sc>, and 11 Wood-Engravings of Dissections
by the Author, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
.bn 217.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
British Bees; an Introduction to the Study
of the Natural History and Economy of the Bees Indigenous to
the British Isles. BY <sc>W. E. Shuckard</sc>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured
Steel Plates, containing nearly 100 Figures, engraved from
Natural Specimens, expressly for the work, by <sc>E. W. Robinson</sc>,
and Woodcuts of Dissections, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
British Butterflies and Moths; an Introduction
to the Study of our Native <sc>Lepidoptera</sc>. By <sc>H. T.
Stainton</sc>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Steel Plates, containing
Figures of 100 Species, engraved from Natural Specimens expressly
for the work by <sc>E. W. Robinson</sc>, and Wood-Engravings,
10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
British Spiders; an Introduction to the Study
of the <sc>Araneidæ</sc> found in Great Britain and Ireland. By <sc>E.
F. Staveley</sc>. Crown 8vo, 16 Plates, containing Coloured
Figures of nearly 100 Species, and 40 Diagrams, showing the
number and position of the eyes in various Genera, drawn expressly
for the work by <sc>Tuffen West</sc>, and 44 Wood-Engravings,
10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Curtis’s British Entomology. Illustrations
and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great
Britain and Ireland, containing Coloured Figures, from Nature,
of the most rare and beautiful Species, and, in many instances,
upon the plants on which they are found. 8 vols. Royal 8vo,
770 coloured Plates, £21.
.pm hangingend
.sp 2
.ce
Or in separate Monographs.

.ta lrrrr s='' w=none
<th><al=c><i>Orders.</i>  |<al=c><i>Plates.</i>  |<al=c>£  |<al=c><i>s.</i> |<al=c><i>d.</i>
<sc>Aphaniptera</sc>  |   2   |   0|    2  | 0
<sc>Coleoptera</sc>   | 256   |   8|    0  | 0
<sc>Dermaptera</sc>   |   1   |   0|    1  | 0
<sc>Dictyoptera</sc>  |   1   |   0|    1  | 0
<sc>Diptera</sc>      | 103   |   3|    5  | 0
<sc>Hemiptera</sc>    |  32   |   1|    1  | 0
<sc>Homoptera</sc>    |  21   |   0|   14  | 0
<sc>Hymenoptera</sc>  | 125   |   4|   0   | 0
<sc>Lepidoptera</sc>  | 193   |   6|   0   | 0
<sc>Neuroptera</sc>   |  13   |   0|   9   | 0
<sc>Omaloptera</sc>   |   6   |   0|   4   | 6
<sc>Orthoptera</sc>   |   5   |   0|   4   | 0
<sc>Strepsiptera</sc> |   3   |   0|   2   | 6
<sc>Trichoptera</sc>  |   9   |   0|   6   | 6
.ta-

“Curtis’s Entomology,” which Cuvier pronounced to have “reached
the ultimatum of perfection,” is still the standard work on the
Genera of British Insects. The Figures executed by the author
himself, with wonderful minuteness and accuracy, have never been
surpassed, even if equalled. The price at which the work was originally
published was £43 16<i>s.</i>
.bn 218.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
Insecta Britannica; Vol. III., Diptera. By
<sc>Francis Walker</sc>, F.L.S. 8vo, with 10 Plates, 25<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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ANTIQUARIAN.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
Bewick’s Woodcuts. Impressions of Upwards
2000 Woodblocks, engraved, for the most part, by <sc>Thomas</sc> and
<sc>John Bewick</sc>; including Illustrations of various kinds for
Books, Pamphlets, and Broadsides; Cuts for Private Gentlemen,
Public Companies, Clubs, &c.; Exhibitions, Races, Newspapers,
Shop Cards, Invoice Heads, Bar Bills, &c. With an
Introduction, a Descriptive Catalogue of the Blocks, and a List
of the Books and Pamphlets illustrated. By the Rev. <sc>T.
Hugo</sc>, M.A., F.R.S.L., F.S.A. In one large volume, imperial
4to, gilt top, with full-length steel Portrait of Thomas Bewick.
£6 6<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Bewick Collector and Supplement. A
Descriptive Catalogue of the Works of <sc>Thomas</sc> and <sc>John
Bewick</sc>, including Cuts, in various states, for Books and Pamphlets,
Private Gentlemen, Public Companies, Exhibitions,
Races, Newspapers, Shop Cards, Invoice Heads, Bar Bills,
Coal Certificates, Broadsides, and other miscellaneous purposes,
and Wood Blocks. With an Appendix of Portraits, Autographs,
Works of Pupils, &c. 292 Cuts from Bewick’s own
Blocks. By the Rev. <sc>Thomas Hugo</sc>, M.A., F.S.A. 2 vols.
demy 8vo, price 42<i>s.</i>; imperial 8vo (limited to 100 copies), with
a fine Steel Engraving of Thomas Bewick, £4 4<i>s.</i> The <sc>Supplement</sc>,
with 180 Cuts, may be had separately; price, small
paper, 21<i>s.</i>; large paper, 42<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Sacred Archæology; a Popular Dictionary of
Ecclesiastical Art and Institutions, from Primitive to Modern
Times. Comprising Architecture, Music, Vestments, Furniture
Arrangement, Offices, Customs, Ritual Symbolism, Ceremonial
Traditions, Religious Orders, &c., of the Church Catholic
in all Ages. By <sc>Mackenzie E. C. Walcott</sc>, B.D. Oxon.,
F.S.A., Præcentor and Prebendary of Chichester Cathedral.
Demy 8vo, 18<i>s.</i>
.bn 219.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
A Manual of British Archæology. By
<sc>Charles Boutell</sc>, M.A. 20 Coloured Plates, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Facsimile, by Photo-Zincography,
of the First Printed Edition of 1609. From the
Copy in the Library of Bridgewater House, by permission of
the Right Hon. the Earl of Ellesmere. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
Man’s Age in the World according to Holy
Scripture and Science. By An <sc>Essex Rector</sc>. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
The Antiquity of Man; an Examination of
Sir Charles Lyell’s recent Work. By <sc>S. E. Pattison</sc>, F.G.S.
Second Edition. 8vo, 1<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend

.sp 2
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MISCELLANEOUS.

.sp 2
.pm hanging4begin
On Intelligence. By <sc>H. Taine</sc>, D.C.L. Oxon.
Translated from the French by <sc>T. D. Haye</sc>, and revised, with
additions, by the Author. Part I. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Part II. 10<i>s.</i>, or,
complete in One Volume, 18<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Young Collector’s Handy Book of Recreative
Science. By the Rev. <sc>H. P. Dunster</sc>, M.A. Cuts.
3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
The Birds of Sherwood Forest; with Observations
on their Nesting, Habits, and Migrations. By <sc>W. J.
Sterland</sc>. Crown 8vo, 4 Plates. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> coloured.

.sp 2
The Naturalist in Norway; or, Notes on the
Wild Animals, Birds, Fishes, and Plants of that Country, with
some account of the principal Salmon Rivers. By the Rev. <sc>J.
Bowden</sc>, LL.D. Crown 8vo, 8 Coloured Plates. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
.bn 220.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. <i>Samarang</i>,
under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B.,
during the Years 1843–46. By Professor <sc>Owen</sc>, Dr. <sc>J. E.
Gray</sc>, Sir <sc>J. Richardson</sc>, <sc>A. Adams</sc>, <sc>L. Reeve</sc>, and <sc>A.
White</sc>. Edited by <sc>Arthur Adams</sc>, F.L.S. Royal 4to, 55
Plates, mostly coloured, £3 10<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro; with
an Account of the Native Tribes, and Observations on the Climate,
Geology, and Natural History of the Amazon Valley.
By <sc>Alfred K. Wallace</sc>. Demy 8vo, with Map and Tinted
Frontispiece, 18<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
A Survey of the Early Geography of Western
Europe, as connected with the First Inhabitants of Britain,
their Origin, Language, Religious Rites, and Edifices. By
<sc>Henry Lawes Long</sc>, Esq. 8vo, 6<i>s.</i>

.sp 2
The Geologist. A Magazine of Geology,
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Vol. VII. 9<i>s.</i>

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The Stereoscopic Magazine. A Gallery for
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5 vols., each complete in itself and containing 50 Stereographs,
£2 2<i>s.</i>

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Everybody’s Weather-Guide. The Use of
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for Securing at any time a probable Prognostic of the Weather.
By <sc>A. Steinmetz</sc>, Esq., Author of “Sunshine and Showers,”
&c. 1<i>s.</i>
.bn 221.png
.pn +1

.sp 2
Sunshine and Showers: their Influences
throughout Creation. A Compendium of Popular Meteorology.
By <sc>Andrew Steinmetz</sc>, Esq. Crown 8vo, Wood Engravings,
7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>

.sp 2
The Reasoning Power in Animals. By the
Rev. <sc>J. S. Watson</sc>, M.A. Crown 8vo, 9<i>s.</i>

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Manual of Chemical Analysis, Qualitative and
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Phosphorescence; or, the Emission of Light
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Meteors, Aerolites, and Falling Stars. By
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.sp 2
The Artificial Production of Fish. By <sc>Piscarius</sc>.
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Live Coals; or, Faces from the Fire. By <sc>L.
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the Duke of Cambridge. Royal 4to, 35 Original Sketches
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Caliphs and Sultans; being Tales omitted in
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freely rewritten and rearranged. By <sc>S. Hanley</sc>,
F.L.S. 6<i>s.</i>
.pm hangingend
.bn 222.png
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.sp 2
.ce
SERIALS.

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The Botanical Magazine. Figures and Descriptions
of New and Rare Plants of interest to the Botanical
Student, and suitable for the Garden, Stove, or Greenhouse. By
Dr. <sc>J. D. Hooker</sc>, F.R.S. Monthly, with 6 Coloured Plates,
3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Annual Subscription, post free, 42<i>s.</i>

The Floral Magazine. Figures and Descriptions
of Select New Flowers for the Garden, Stove, or Conservatory.
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to Royal 4to. Monthly, with 4 Coloured Plates, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
Annual Subscription, post free, 42<i>s.</i>

Conchologia Iconica. By <sc>Lovell Reeve</sc>,
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Conchologia Indica. The Land and Freshwater
Shells of British India. In Parts, with 20 Coloured
Plates, 20<i>s.</i>

A Monograph of Odontoglossum. By <sc>James
Bateman</sc>, F.R.S. Imperial folio, 5 Coloured Plates, 21<i>s.</i>

Select Orchidaceous Plants. By <sc>Robert
Warner</sc>. 3 Coloured Plates, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
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.sp 2
.ce
FORTHCOMING WORKS.

.pm hanging4begin
Lahore to Yarkand. By Dr. <sc>Henderson</sc> and
<sc>A. O. Hume</sc>.

Genera Plantarum. By <sc>Bentham</sc> and <sc>Hooker</sc>.
Vol. II.

Flora Australiensis. By <sc>G. Bentham</sc>. Vol. VI.

Flora of India. By Dr. <sc>Hooker</sc> and others.

Natural History of Plants. By Prof. <sc>Baillon</sc>.
Vol. III.

The Natural History of a Flowering Plant.
By Prof. <sc>Dyer</sc>.
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.nf c
LONDON:

L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA ST., COVENT GARDEN.
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.pb
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
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.ol hang=y
.it Corrected all reported #Errata:ERRATA# items.

.it Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.

//.it All spelling errors were left uncorrected. //or the following
//
.it Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
//
//.it Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter.
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.it Enclosed italics font in <i>underscores</i>.
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.it Enclosed bold font in <b>equals</b>.

.it Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}.

.it Subscripts are denoted by an underscore before a series of subscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. H_{2}O.
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