.dt London and its Environs Described, By Anonymous--A Project\
Gutenberg eBook
.de body {width:80%; margin:auto;}
.de .tnbox {background-color:#E3E4FA;border:1px solid silver;padding: 0.5em;margin:2em 10% 0 10%; }
.de .blackletter {font-family: "Lucida Blackletter", "Old English Text MT", serif;}
// dropcap size
.nr dcs 450%
// make footnotes more legible
//.sr h .sup>.b>.
// max line length
.ll 72
// default indentation for .nf l blocks
.nr nfl 4
.dm d1
.in 2
.ti -2
.dm-
.dm d2
.ti -2
.dm-
.dm d3
.in 0
.dm-
.dm verse-start
.sp 1
.in +1
.fs 85%
.nf b
.dm-
.dm verse-end
.nf-
.fs 100%
.in -1
.sp 1
.dm-
// letter
.dm letter-start
.sp 1
.fs 85%
.in +4
.ll -4
.dm-
.dm letter-end
.in -4
.ll +4
.fs 100%
.sp 1
.dm-
// footnote
.dm fn-start
.ni
.fs 85%
.fn #
.dm-
.dm fn-end
.fn-
.fs 100%
.pi
.dm-
// quote
.dm epi-start
.sp 1
.fs 85%
.nf c
.dm-
.dm epi-end
.nf-
.fs 100%
.sp 1
.dm-
// Page numbering
.pn off // turn off visible page numbers
// .pn link // turn on page number links
// paragraph formatting, indent paragraphs by 1.0 em.
.nr psi 1.0em
.pi
// include a cover image in HTML only
.if h
.il fn=cover.jpg w=600px
.ca
The cover image was created by the transcriber and is\
placed in the public domain.
.ca-
.pb
.if-
// 001.png
.pn +1
.sp 4
.h1
LONDON||AND ITS||ENVIRONS||DESCRIBED.
.nf c
VOL. I.
.nf-
.sp 4
// 002.png
.pn +1
// 003.png
.pn +1
// 004.png
.pn +1
.pb
.if h
.il fn=i004.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sc.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 4
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sc.]
.sp 4
.if-
// 005.png
.pn +1
.pb
.sp 4
.nf c
LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED.
CONTAINING
An Account of whatever is most remarkable
for Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity
or Use,
In the City and in the Country
Twenty Miles round it.
COMPREHENDING ALSO
Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities
of this great Metropolis.
Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of
Views in Perspective, engraved from original
Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work.
Together with a Plan of LONDON,
A Map of the Environs, and several other
useful Cuts.
In SIX VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
Printed for R. and J. Dodsley in Pall-Mall.
.nf-
.hr 10%
.nf c
M DCC LXI.
.nf-
// 006.png
.pn +1
// 007.png
.pn +1
.sp 2
.pb
.sp 4
.nf c
TO HIS
ROYAL HIGHNESS
GEORGE,
PRINCE OF WALES,
THIS WORK IS MOST HUMBLY
INSCRIBED, BY
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS’s
.nf-
.ti +20
MOST DEVOTED
.ti +25
AND OBEDIENT
.ti +30
HUMBLE SERVANTS,
.sp 2
.rj
THE PROPRIETORS.
.sp 2
// 008.png
.pn +1
// 009.png
.pn +1
.pb
.sp 4
.h2
PREFACE.
.sp 2
.dc 0.28 0.67
IT is hoped that the great variety
of new, useful, curious and entertaining
articles which will be
found in the following work, will entitle
it to a favourable reception from
the public. No pains nor expence
have been spared to give it as much
accuracy and perfection as the nature
of such a work will admit of. And
though we do not flatter ourselves
that it will be absolutely free from
errors or imperfections, yet we doubt
not but the candid reader will find
so much to commend, that he will
easily be inclined to excuse some unavoidable
deficiencies.
// 010.png
.pn +1
The Environs of London, though
they contain many of the most remarkable
seats and places in the
kingdom, have never before been included
in any account of that metropolis;
and we are persuaded, that the
most intelligent enquirer will here
find numberless curiosities, not hitherto
taken notice of by any other
writers: besides, we have not only
been particular in our descriptions of
whatever is remarkable twenty miles
round; but to assist his observation,
we have added a map, which we
flatter ourselves will be found to have
some advantages over any other that
has yet appeared. This map, and
these descriptions, will serve both as
a guide and an instructor to the travelling
Virtuosi, whether natives or
// 011.png
.pn +1
foreigners, in their little excursions to
any part of these delightfully adorned
and richly cultivated environs.
In order to render the knowledge
of this metropolis as complete as possible,
we have necessarily been obliged,
in conformity with our plan, to treat
of what may to some appear little
and uninteresting, as well as of what
is great and important. Among these
the citizens are particularly interested
in knowing the extent and limits
of the wards in which they reside:
and it was absolutely necessary to
mention in their proper places all the
several companies that compose their
whole body: and as every inhabitant
of the kingdom may, at one time or
another, have occasion to visit or
// 012.png
.pn +1
write to their friends or relations residing
in this great city, the names
and situation of all the several streets,
lanes, rows, courts, yards and allies
could not be omitted. With regard
to these an ingenious gentleman has
furnished us with a key, which has
let us into the origin of many of their
names; and this part of our work is
farther illustrated by a new and correct
plan.
The prints with which the whole
is decorated, are all engraved by the
best hands, after original drawings,
which were taken on purpose for this
work, from the several objects themselves,
at a very great expence; and
we imagine they will not only be
considered as an ornament, but that
// 013.png
.pn +1
they will be found of use in illustrating
the verbal descriptions.
We beg leave in this place to make
our grateful acknowledgments to several
of the nobility and gentry, who
have been pleased to favour us on
this occasion with lists and accounts
of their pictures, curiosities, &c.
which have greatly enriched and
added a value to our work; and being
entirely new, cannot but be acceptable
to the public.
// 014.png
.pn +1
// 015.png
.pn +1
// 016.png
.pn +1
.if h
.il fn=i016.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
The Abby Church of S^t. Peter’s, Westminster.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
The Abby Church of S^t. Peter’s, Westminster.]
.sp 2
.if-
// 017.png
.pn +1
.pb
.sp 4
.nf c
LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED, &c.
.nf-
.sp 2
.in 4
.ti -4
† Those with this mark generally derived
their name from the ground landlord, who
built the street, lane, or alley, &c.
.ti -4
* From signs.
.ti -4
☐ From neighbouring places, as churches, &c.
.ti -4
‡ From trees formerly growing there.
.ti -4
║ From ridicule.
.ti -4
§ From their situation, as backwards, forwards,
with respect to other streets.
.in 0
.sp 2
.h2
A.
.sp 2
.dc 0.9 0.65
ABBEY Church of St. Peter’s,
Westminster. Many have been the
fables invented and propagated by
the monks, relating to the original foundation
of this ancient edifice; but the
// 018.png
.pn +1
most probable account is given by those
who place it under Sebert, King of the
East Saxons, who died in 616. These
say, that this Prince being converted to
christianity by Austin’s discourses, and his
uncle Ethelbert’s example, erected this
church on the ruins of a temple dedicated
to Apollo, in the island of Thorney, and
caused Mellitus, Bishop of London, to
consecrate it to St. Peter.
As many ridiculous miracles have been
related of its foundation, it is the less surprizing
that its dedication should also be
represented as miraculous, and that St.
Peter himself, five hundred years after his
decease, should be represented by the
monks, as doing honour to the new fabric,
by performing the ceremony himself.
For according to the legend, the
King having ordered Mellitus to perform
the ceremony, St. Peter over-night called
upon Edricus, a fisherman, and desired to
be ferried over to Thorney, which happened
to be then overflowed by the heavy
rains that had lately fallen; the fisherman
consented, and having carried over the
Apostle, he saw him consecrate the church
amidst a grand chorus of celestial music,
and a glorious appearance of heavenly
// 019.png
.pn +1
lights. After which the Apostle returning,
discovered himself to the fisherman,
and bid him tell Mellitus what he had
heard and seen, and as a proof of his
divine mission, gave him a miraculous
draught of salmon, and then assured him,
that none of his profession should ever
want that kind of fish in the proper season,
provided they made an offering of the
tenth fish for the use of the new church;
which custom, it seems, was continued by
the fishermen four hundred years after.
This church and its monastery were
afterwards repaired and enlarged by Offa,
King of Mercia, but being destroyed by
the Pagan Danes, they were rebuilt by
King Edgar, who endowed them with
lands and manors, and in the year 969
granted them many ample privileges.
The church and monastery having again
suffered by the ravages of the Danes, were
again rebuilt by Edward the Confessor,
who pulled down the old church, and
erected a most magnificent one, for that age,
in its room, in the form of a cross, which
afterwards became a pattern for that kind
of building. The work being finished in
the year 1065, he caused it to be consecrated
with the greatest pomp and solemnity,
// 020.png
.pn +1
and by several charters not only confirmed
all its ancient rights and privileges,
but endowed it with many rich manors,
and additional immunities: ordained that
all its lands and possessions, should be subject
to none but its own jurisdiction, and
the convent be free from the authority of
the Bishop of London; and the church, by
a bull of Pope Nicholas I. was constituted
the place for the inauguration of the Kings
of England. In short, he gave it a charter
of sanctuary, in which he declares,
that any person whatsoever, let his crimes
be ever so great, who takes sanctuary in
that holy place, shall be assured of life,
liberty, and limbs, and that none of his
ministers, nor those of his successors, should
seize any of his goods, lands or possessions,
under pain of everlasting damnation,
and that whoever presumed to act contrary
to this grant, should lose his name, worship,
dignity, and power, and with the
traitor Judas, be in the everlasting fire of
hell. This was the pious language of St.
Edward the Confessor, and from this charter,
Westminster Abbey became an asylum
for traitors, murderers, robbers, and the
most abandoned miscreants, who lived
there in open defiance of the laws.
// 021.png
.pn +1
This, and King Edward’s other charters,
in which he recites the ridiculous story of
its consecration by St. Peter, as above related,
its destruction by the Danes, the
grants and privileges of his predecessors,
and those bestowed by himself, drew people
thither from all parts, so that in a short
time there was not sufficient room in the
Abbey church for the accommodation of
the numerous inhabitants, without incommoding
the monks; he therefore caused
a church to be erected on the north side
of the monastery, for the use of the inhabitants,
and dedicated it to St. Margaret.
William the Conqueror, to shew his regard
to the memory of his late friend
King Edward, no sooner arrived in London,
than he repaired to this church, and
offered a sumptuous pall, as a covering for
his tomb; he also gave fifty marks of silver,
together with a very rich altar cloth,
and two caskets of gold; and the Christmas
following was solemnly crowned
there, his being the first coronation performed
in that place.
The next Prince who improved this
great work, was Henry III. who in the
year 1200 began to erect a new chapel
to the blessed Virgin; but about twenty
// 022.png
.pn +1
years after, finding the walls and steeple
of the old structure much decayed, he
pulled them all down, with a design to
enlarge, and rebuild them in a more regular
manner; but he did not live to accomplish
this great work, which was not
compleated till 1285, about fourteen years
after his decease. And this is the date of
the building as it now stands.
About the year 1502, King Henry began
that magnificent structure which is
now generally called by his name; for this
purpose, he pulled down the chapel of
Henry III. already mentioned, and an adjoining
house called the White Rose Tavern;
this chapel, like the former, he dedicated
to the blessed Virgin, and designing
it for a burial place for himself and his
posterity, he carefully ordered in his will,
that none but those of royal blood should
be permitted to lie there.
At length on the general suppression of
religious houses, the Abbey was surrendered
to Henry VIII. by William Benson,
the Abbot, and seventeen of the monks,
in the year 1539, when its revenues amounted
to 3977l. 6s. 4d. ¾ per annum, a
sum at least equal to 20,000l. a year at
present. Besides its furniture, which was
// 023.png
.pn +1
of inestimable value, it had in different
parts of the kingdom, no less than two hundred,
and sixteen manors, seventeen hamlets,
and ninety-seven towns and villages.
And tho’ the Abbey was only the second in
rank, yet in all other respects it was the
chief in the kingdom; and its Abbots
having episcopal jurisdiction, had a seat in
the house of Lords.
The Abbey thus dissolved, that Prince
erected first into a college of secular Canons,
under the government of a Dean, an honour
which he chose to confer on the last
Abbot. This establishment, however, was
of no long duration, for two years after
he converted it into a bishopric, which was
dissolved nine years after by Edward VI.
who restored the government by a Dean,
which continued till Mary’s accession to the
crown; when she, in 1557, restored it to
its ancient conventual state; but Queen
Elizabeth again ejected the monks, and in
1560 erected Westminster Abbey into a
college, under the government of a Dean,
and twelve secular Canons or Prebendaries,
a Schoolmaster, Usher, and forty Scholars,
denominated the Queen’s, to be educated
in the liberal sciences preparatory to the
university, and to have all the necessaries
// 024.png
.pn +1
of life, except cloathing, of which they
were to have only a gown every year. To
this foundation also belong choristers, singing-men,
an organist, twelve almsmen,
&c.
The Abbey church, which was stripped
of many of its decorations by Henry VIII.
and was much damaged both within and
without during the unhappy civil commotions
that defaced the ancient beauty of
most of the religious houses in this kingdom,
has continued from the death of
Henry VII. almost to the present time,
without any other considerable repairs, and
was gradually falling to ruin, when the
Parliament interposed, and ordered a thorough
reparation at the national expence.
This venerable fabric has been accordingly
new coated on the outside, except
that part called Henry the Seventh’s chapel,
which is indeed a separate building: and
the west end has been adorned with two
new stately towers that have been lately
rebuilt, in such a manner as to be thought
equal in point of workmanship to any part
of the ancient building; but though such
pains have been taken in the coating, to
preserve the ancient Gothic grandeur, that
this church in its distant prospect has all
// 025.png
.pn +1
the venerable majesty of its former state,
yet the beautiful carving with which it
was once adorned, is irretrievably lost;
the buttresses, once capped with turrets,
are now made in plain pyramidical forms,
and topped with freestone; and the statues
of our ancient Kings that formerly stood in
niches, near the tops of those buttresses, are
for the most part removed, and their broken
fragments lodged in the roof of Henry
the Seventh’s chapel. Three of these statues
are still standing next the towers on the
north side, and indeed that is the only side
where you can take a view of the Abbey,
the other side being so incumbered with
buildings, that even its situation cannot be
distinguished.
What next to the new towers principally
engages the attention on the outside, is
the Gothic portico which leads into the
north cross, which by some has been stiled
the Beautiful, or Solomon’s Gate. This was
probably built by Richard II. as his arms
carved in stone was formerly over the gate.
It has been lately beautified, and over it is
a new window admirably well executed.
Besides these there is little in the outward
appearance capable of engaging the attention,
// 026.png
.pn +1
and its principal beauties are to be
found within.
The author of the work entitled English
Architecture, seems to prefer the Gothic
to the Grecian architecture, as most suited
to the purposes of devotion, and gives this
edifice as an instance, “There is in it,
says he, a majesty and grandeur, a
sedate, and if we may so speak, religious
dignity, which immediately strikes
the imagination; and never failed to
impress on the most insensible observer,
that holy awe which should attend, and
which always disposes the mind to devotion.”
But this holy awe, thus mechanically
incited, would be as friendly to
Paganism as to Christianity; and indeed,
this awe is so far from being holy, that it
is a thing entirely distinct from rational
piety and devotion, and may be felt without
any inclination to enter the choir.
Indeed the multiplicity of puerile ornaments
profusely lavished, the strong and
beautiful perspective, and that romantic
air of grandeur so visible in this structure,
and above all the height of the middle isle
at our first entrance, fill the eye, strike us
in a very forcible manner, and at once raise
// 027.png
.pn +1
our admiration and astonishment. To which
let it be added, that the ranges of venerable
monuments on each hand, some of
them most magnificent, have a natural
tendency to strike the mind with an uncommon
degree of solemnity, and to raise
the most serious reflections.
The extent of the building is very considerable;
for it is 360 feet within the
walls, at the nave it is 72 feet broad, and
at the cross 195. The Gothic arches and
side isles are supported by 48 pillars of grey
marble, each composed of clusters of very
slender ones, and covered with ornaments.
The moment you enter the west door the
whole body of the church opens itself at
once to your view, the pillars dividing the
nave from the side isles being so formed as
not to obstruct the side openings, nor is
your sight terminated to the east, but by
the fine painted window over Edward the
Confessor’s chapel, which anciently, when
the altar was low, and adorned with the
beautiful shrine of that pretended saint,
must have afforded one of the finest prospects
that can be imagined.
The pillars are terminated to the east by
a sweep, enclosing the chapel of Edward
the Confessor, in a kind of semicircle. And
// 028.png
.pn +1
it is worthy of observation, that as far as
the gates of the choir, the pillars are filletted
with brass, but all beyond with
stone. Answering to the middle range of
pillars, there are others in the wall, which
as they rise, spring into semiarches, and
are every where met in acute angles by
their opposites, and meeting in the roof
are adorned with a variety of carvings.
On the arches of the pillars are galleries of
double columns fifteen feet wide, covering
the side isles, and enlightened by a middle
range of windows, over which there is
an upper range of larger windows, and
by these, together with the four capital
windows, facing the north, east, south
and west, the whole fabric is so admirably
enlightened, that in the day you are
never dazzled with its brightness, nor
incommoded by its being too dark. But
before we leave these capital windows,
which are all finely painted, it is necessary
to observe, that in the great west window
is a curious painting of Edward III. to the
left of which in a smaller window is a
painting of one of our Kings, supposed to
be Richard II. but the colours being of a
water blue the features of the face cannot
be distinguished. On the other side the
// 029.png
.pn +1
great window is a lively representation of
Edward the Confessor in his robes, and
under his feet are painted his arms. At
the bottom of the walls between the pillars
are shallow niches, arched about eight or
ten feet high, on which the arms of the
original benefactors are depicted, and over
them are their titles, &c. but these are
almost all concealed by the monuments of
the dead placed before them, many of
which are extremely noble, and which we
shall particularly examine after having gone
through the several parts of the edifice.
After viewing the open part of the
church, the next thing to be seen is the
choir, which can only be done during the
times of divine service. The grand entrance
into it is by a pair of fine iron gates,
on each side of which is a very magnificent
tomb. The floor is paved with the finest
black and white marble. The ancient
stalls are covered with Gothic acute arches,
supported by small iron pillars, and are
painted purple; but what is most worthy
of observation, is an ancient portrait near
the pulpit, of Richard II. sitting in a gilt
chair, dressed in a green vest flowered with
gold, with gold shoes powdered with pearls.
This piece is six feet eleven inches in length,
// 030.png
.pn +1
and three feet seven inches in breadth; but
the lower part is much defaced.
The next thing worthy of observation is
the fine altar enclos’d with a curious balustrade,
within which is a pavement of mosaic
work, laid at the expence of Abbot
Ware, in the year 1272, and is said to be
one of the most beautiful of its kind in the
world: the stones of which it is composed
are porphyry, jasper, lydian and serpentine.
The altar is a beautiful piece of marble,
removed from Whitehall, and presented to
this church by order of her majesty Queen
Anne. On each side of the altar are doors,
opening into St. Edward’s chapel.
Of the several Chapels in Westminster
Abbey. Besides that of Henry VII. which,
as we have already observed, is a separate
building, and will therefore be mentioned
by itself when we have finished our survey
of the Abbey, there are ten chapels, round
that of St. Edward the Confessor, which
stands as it were in the center, and, as has
been said, is inclosed in the body of the
church, at the east end of the choir, behind
the altar; these, beginning from the north
cross, and passing round to the south cross,
are in the following order: St. Andrew’s,
St. Michael’s, St. John the Evangelist’s,
// 031.png
.pn +1
Islip’s chapel, St. John the Baptist’s, St.
Paul’s, Henry the Fifth’s, St. Nicholas’s,
St. Edmund’s, and St. Benedict’s.
The Chapel of St. Edward. The first
curiosity that here fixes our attention, is
the ancient shrine erected by Henry III.
upon the canonization of Edward King of
England, the third of that name before the
conquest, and the last of the Saxon race;
a Prince who owed the title of Confessor
and Saint, to the vast sums he bestowed on
the church, and the sollicitations of the
monks, than to his own personal merit:
for he was a bad son, a bad husband, and so
bad a king, that he shewed greater favour
to the Normans than to his own people, and
by his folly prepared the way for the conquest.
He died in the year 1066, and was
canonized by Pope Alexander III. in 1269.
This shrine, which was once esteemed the
glory of England, is now much defaced
and neglected. It was composed of stones of
various colours, beautifully enriched with
all the cost that art could devise. No
sooner was it erected, than the wealth of
the kingdom flowed to it from all quarters.
Henry III. set the first example, though he
afterwards made use of the jewels and treasure
he offered there, to defray the charges
// 032.png
.pn +1
of an expedition into France. Before this
shrine was a lamp kept continually burning,
on one side stood a silver image of the
blessed Virgin, which with two jewels of
immense value, were presented by Queen
Eleanor, the wife of Henry III. on the
other side stood another image of the Virgin
Mary, wrought in ivory, presented by
Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.
Here also Edward I. offered the
Scots regalia and chair, in which the kings
of Scotland used to be crowned, which is
still preserved and shewn to all strangers.
And about the year 1280, Alphonso, third
son to the last mentioned king, offered
here the golden coronet of Llewellyn,
Prince of Wales, and other jewels; but it
would almost fill a volume to enumerate
the offerings made at this shrine. Yet it
is now so stripped as to afford no satisfaction,
except to the curious; however
some of the stone-work with which it is
adorned, is still to be seen. This stone-work
is hollow within, and now incloses a large
chest, which Mr. Keep, soon after the
coronation of James II. found to contain
the remains of St. Edward; for it being
broken by accident, he discovered a number
of bones, and turning them up, found
// 033.png
.pn +1
a crucifix, richly ornamented and enamell’d
with a gold chain of twenty inches long,
both which he presented to his Majesty,
who ordered the bones to be replaced in
the old coffin, and enclosed in a new one
made very strong, and clamp’d with iron.
On the south side of this shrine lies
Editha, daughter to Goodwyn, Earl of
Kent, and Queen to St. Edward, with
whom she lived eighteen years, and tho’
she was the most accomplished woman of
that age, confessed on her death-bed, that
he suffered her to live and die a virgin;
and, as an ancient manuscript in the Cotton
library has it, “nathelees, tho’ the Kinge
had a wyfe, he lived ev’moe in chastete,
and clennes, wythowten any fleshley
dedes doynge wyth his wyfe the Queen,
and so dyd the Queen on her syde.” She
survived her husband eight years, and beheld
all the miseries consequent upon his
dying without issue. She was however
treated with great respect by William the
Conqueror, who allowed her an apartment
in the King’s palace at Winchester, where
she died, and was interred here, by his
express orders.
Near the remains of this Princess lie
// 034.png
.pn +1
those of Queen Maud, surnam’d the Good,
the daughter of Malcolm Conmair, King
of Scotland, to whom she was espoused,
in order to unite the Saxon and Norman
lines, and thereby to reconcile the affections
of the English to the future Kings
that should spring from them. She died
on the 11th of May 1118. This excellent
Princess was distinguished by her many
virtues, particularly her humility, and
her placing her chief delight in relieving
the poor.
On the north side of this chapel is the
tomb of Henry III. the pannels are of
polish’d porphyry, and around them is mosaic
work of gold and scarlet. At the corners
of the table are twisted pillars, gilt,
and enamell’d, and upon it is placed the effigy
of that King in brass gilt, finely executed.
He died in 1272, aged 65, after
a troublesome reign of 56 years.
At the feet of the last mentioned Prince
lies the effigy of Eleanor, Queen to Edward
I. On the sides of this monument
are engraven the arms of Castile and Leon,
quarterly, and those of Ponthieu, hanging
on vines and oak-trees, and round the
copper verge is embossed this inscription in
Saxon characters;
// 035.png
.pn +1
.pm epi-start
Icy gist Alianor Jadis Reyne de Angleterre,
Femme al. Re. Edward Fiz.
.pm epi-end
.nf c
That is,
.nf-
.pm epi-start
Here lies Eleanor, once Queen of England,
Wife to King Edward.
.pm epi-end
It is remarkable, that the body of this
Queen was only interred here, and that
her heart was placed in the choir of the
friars predicants in London.
There is also here a large plain coffin of
grey marble, composed of seven stones,
four of which form the sides, two the ends,
and one the cover. This rough unpolished
tomb incloses the body of the glorious
King Edward I. just mentioned, who was
born on the 17th of June 1239. He was
named Edward, in honour of Edward the
Confessor, and afterwards surnamed Long
Shanks, from his tall and slender habit of
body. This brave Prince died on the 7th
of July 1307, aged 68.
In this chapel is a tomb of black marble,
to the memory of Philippa, the third
daughter to William Earl of Hainault,
and Queen to King Edward III. who bestowed
a profusion of expence on her tomb,
round which were placed as ornaments,
the brazen statues of no less than thirty
// 036.png
.pn +1
Kings, Princes, and noble personages her
relations.
Tho’ Edward III. was interred in the
same grave as the Queen, he has a monument
erected for him adjoining to hers,
covered with a Gothic canopy. The effigy
of this Prince, who died June 21,
1377, lies on a tomb of grey marble, and
at his head are placed the shield and sword
carried before him in France: the latter is
seven feet long, and weighs eighteen
pounds. This tomb was, like the former,
surrounded with statues, particularly with
those of his children.
Next to this is the tomb of Richard II.
and his Queen, over which is a canopy of
wood, remarkable for a painting of the
Virgin Mary and our Saviour still visible.
This Prince was murdered on Valentine’s
day 1399, and on the robing of his effigy
are curiously wrought, peascod shells open,
and the peas out, perhaps in allusion to
his being once in full possession of sovereignty,
which before his murder, was reduced
to an empty title.
Between St. Edward’s shrine, and the
tomb of Queen Philippa, under a large
stone, once plated with brass, lies the great
// 037.png
.pn +1
Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester,
and uncle to the above Richard II. who
murdered him on the 8th of September,
1397, for being too free and too faithful a
monitor.
Here is also a table monument in memory
of Margaret, daughter to Edward IV.
by his Queen Elizabeth Woodville; and
a small monument of black Lydian marble
finely polished, in memory of Elizabeth
Tudor, the second daughter of Henry VIII
who died at three years of age.
Henry the Fifth’s Chapel, is only parted
from St. Edward’s by an iron screen, on
each side of which are statues as big as the
life. His monument, which is surrounded
with iron rails and gates, is of black
marble, and upon it is placed his statue;
but what is very remarkable, it lies without
the head. Your guides say, that the
body is heart of oak, and the head of beaten
silver; as were also the scepter and
other ensigns of royalty with which this
statue was adorned; but that the value of
these occasioned their being sacrilegiously
taken away. This is by some writers represented
at a ridiculous tale. Over this tomb
is a chauntry chapel, in which the weapons,
// 038.png
.pn +1
armour, and caparisons of Henry V. were
carefully laid up, and remain to this day.
Near this tomb lies enclosed in an old
wooden chest, the remains of Catharine,
daughter of Charles VI. King of France,
and the consort of Henry V. She died
on the 2d of January 1437, and was honourably
interred in the chapel erected by
Henry III. but when her grandson Henry
VII. pulled down that to build his
own chapel, her body was taken up, when
the bones appeared firmly united, and
thinly covered with flesh; but the coffin
being decayed, was put into a wooden
chest, and removed to the place where it
is now seen. This is the account given
by those who shew this venerable dust, the
miserable remains of a lady of royal blood,
and of distinguished beauty.
The Chapel of St. Andrew, which is
next the northern cross, has in the center
a magnificent monument erected to the
memory of Sir Francis Norris, ancestor to
the late Sir John Norris. In the reign of
Queen Elizabeth he distinguished himself
by his bravery in the Low Countries, and
was created Lord Norris of Rycot. This
monument has a fine representation of an
// 039.png
.pn +1
encampment in relief, and is otherwise
beautifully ornamented; but has no inscription.
Against the east wall is a table monument
to the memory of Sir John Burgh,
who was killed in 1594, in taking a large
Spanish ship, laden with gold, silver and
jewels of inestimable value.
In one corner is an ancient monument
of Robert Kirton, that has several labels
in black letters round his portrait, which
rests upon eagles crowned. He died Oct. 3,
1466.
.pm d1
St. Michael’s Chapel has only one monument
worthy of notice, which is that
of Sarah, Duchess of Somerset; and mother
to the last Duke of that branch of the
family. On the base sit two charity boys,
one on each side, lamenting the loss of
their great benefactress, who is represented
resting upon her arm, under a canopy
of state, and looking earnestly upon a
group of cherubims, issuing from the
clouds above her. Underneath is a Latin
inscription, enumerating her many charitable
foundations, and informing us that
this excellent Lady died on the 5th of
September 1692.
.pm d1
St. John the Evangelist’s Chapel, has in
// 040.png
.pn +1
the center a curious monument to Sir
Francis Vere, a gentleman of the first reputation
for learning and bravery, who
particularly distinguished himself at the
battle of Newport, in which he commanded
in front under Prince Maurice, in the
service of the States, against the Spaniards.
This great warrior was 30 years in the
Dutch service, and in 20 of them commanded
the auxiliary troops of England.
He died on the 28th of August 1608, in
the 54th year of his age. His monument
is a table supported by four knights kneeling,
on which lie the several parts of a
complete suit of armour, and underneath
the effigies of Sir Francis, lying, as if undressed,
in a loose gown, on a quilt of alabaster.
On the base is a short Latin inscription
in gold letters, shewing to whom
it belongs; that he was nephew to the
Earl of Oxford, and Governor of Portsmouth
and the Brille, and that his disconsolate
widow consecrated this monument
to his memory.
Close to the wall is a monument of Sir
George Hollis, nephew to Sir Francis Vere,
and a Major General under him. On the
pedestal is represented the siege of a town
in relief, where the principal figure is a
// 041.png
.pn +1
General on horseback holding a battoon,
and having one eye blemished, perhaps alluding
to the siege of Newport, in which
Sir George also gained great honour, and
had a horse killed under him. On each
side of this pedestal sits a Pallas, lamenting
the death of the great warrior, who
is represented above in the Roman habit,
standing erect upon a lofty altar, with a
cherub supporting the plinth on which he
stands. Sir George died in January 1626.
An ingenious author speaking of this monument,
says, that Sir George was the
first erect figure set up in the Abbey;
“an attitude, says he, which I am far
from discommending, for ’tis my opinion,
statues should always represent life
and action: ’tis peculiarly adapted to
heroes, who ought never to be supposed
at rest, and should have their characters
represented as strong as possible:
this before us is bold and manly, though
not chaste and elegant: ’tis finely elevated
too, and the mourning Pallases,
at the base of it, are both well fancied
and well applied.”
Near Sir Francis’s tomb is that of Aubery
de Vere, the last Earl of Oxford of
that name, and Lieutenant-General of
// 042.png
.pn +1
Queen Anne’s forces, who died March 12,
1702.
In this chapel there are also some antique
monuments; particularly on the right hand,
is that of John de Eastney, one of the
Abbots, who was a great benefactor to
this church, and died on the 4th of May
1438. A brazen statue of this Abbot in
his mass habit, lies upon his tomb. It is
remarkable, that in breaking up a grave
about thirty years ago, his body was discovered
in a coffin quilted with yellow sattin,
having on a gown of crimson silk,
girded round him with a black girdle; on
his legs were white silk stockings, and
over his face a clean napkin doubled up,
and laid corner wise. His body and legs
are said to have been plump and firm, but
his face somewhat discoloured.
There is likewise here the monument of
Sir John Harpedon, Knt. who died in
1457. He lies in armour, resting his feet
on a lion, and his head on a greyhound.
.pm d1
St. Erasmus’s, or Islip’s Chapel, has but
two monuments worthy of notice; the first
that of John Islip, Abbot of Westminster,
the founder of this chapel, which he dedicated
to St. Erasmus. It is adorned
with much carving in devices, intaglios,
// 043.png
.pn +1
and febuses, alluding to the name of the
founder, as a person slipping boughs off a
tree; an eye with the slip of the tree; and
a youth sliding from a bough, with I slip,
in a label proceeding out of his mouth. In
the middle is Islip’s tomb which is a plain
marble table, supported by four small brass
pillars; over it was anciently painted on
the roof, a picture of our Saviour on the
cross. He died in January 1510.
The other is the tomb of Sir Christopher
Hatton, son to Christopher Hatton, Lord
Chancellor of England. The principal
figures are a knight in armour, and a lady
in deep mourning resting on the ascending
sides of a triangular pediment, parted in
the middle by a trunkless helmet. Over
their heads is a neat piece of architecture,
in the center of which is a scroll with
their arms, held up by naked boys, one of
whom holds an extinguished torch reversed
over the Knight, to shew that Sir
Christopher died first; the other over the
Lady holds his torch upright and burning,
to signify that she survived him. The inscription
informs us, that Sir Christopher
died on the 10th of September 1619.
Over this chapel is a chauntry, in which
are two large wainscot presses, filled with
// 044.png
.pn +1
the effigies of Princes, and others of high
quality, interred in the Abbey. These
effigies, ’tis said, resembled the deceased as
near as possible, and were formerly exposed
at the funerals of our Princes and other
great personages, in open chariots, with
their proper ensigns of royalty or honour.
Those here deposited are all maimed, some
stripped, and others in tattered robes; but
the most ancient are the least injured,
which seems as if the value of their cloaths
had occasioned this ravage; for the robes
of Edward VI. that were once of crimson
velvet, but now appear like leather, are
left entire; while those of Queen Elizabeth
and King James I. are taken away,
as is every thing of value from all the rest.
.pm d1
St. John Baptist’s Chapel, contains several
monuments: one at the entrance is to
the memory of Mrs. Mary Kendall, the
daughter of Thomas Kendall, Esq; she
died in her thirty-third year, and her epitaph
informs us, that “her many virtues
rendered her every way worthy of that
close union and friendship, in which she
lived with Lady Catharine Jones; and
in testimony of which, she desired that
even their ashes, after death, might not
be divided; and therefore ordered herself
// 045.png
.pn +1
here to be interred, where she knew
that excellent Lady designed one day to
rest, near the grave of her beloved and
religious mother, Elizabeth Countess of
Kendall.”
Next to this is a monument erected to the
memory of Col. Edward Popham, and his
Lady, whose statues in white marble stand
under a lofty canopy, resting their arms in
a thoughtful posture upon a marble altar,
on which lie the gloves of an armed
knight. This gentleman was an active
officer in Cromwell’s army, and his atchievements
were here inscribed on his
tomb. Upon the restoration, the monument
was ordered to be demolished, and
the inscription erased; but at the intercession
of some of his Lady’s relations, who
had eminently served his Majesty, the stone
whereon the inscription was cut was only
turned inwards, and no other injury done
to his monument.
In the midst of this chapel is a large
table monument for Thomas Cecil, Earl of
Exeter, Baron Burleigh, Knight of the
Garter, and Privy Counsellor to King
James I. whereon is placed his statue lying
down, with his Lady on his right side,
and a vacant space on his left for another.
// 046.png
.pn +1
The Lady on his right side is his first wife
the Lady Dorothy Nevil, daughter to the
Lord Latimer; and the vacant space was
left for his second wife, Frances Bridges, of
the noble family of Chandois; but as the
right side was taken up, she gave express
orders in her will, not to place her effigy
on his left, however, according to the inscription,
they are all buried together in
one vault.
But the most magnificent monument in
this chapel is against the east wall, where
stood the altar of St. John Baptist; this was
erected to the memory of Henry Carey,
first cousin to Queen Elizabeth, who, on
being denied the honours of peerage, laid
the disappointment so much to heart, that
he languished for a long time on a sick bed,
at which the Queen being moved, too late,
created him a Baron, and ordered the patent
and robes to be laid before him, but
without effect. He died on the 23d of
July 1596, aged seventy-two.
Here also is a monument to Thomas
Carey, second son to the Earl of Monmouth,
who is said to have died of grief
in 1648, at the age of thirty-three, on account
of the untimely fate of his royal
master King Charles I.
// 047.png
.pn +1
Here are likewise a few antique monuments,
particularly one in which the figure
of a Bishop properly habited, lies under a
Gothic canopy. This is supposed to be
erected for Thomas Rathal, Bishop of
Durham, who died in 1524.
And an ancient stone monument for
William of Colchester, whose effigies lie
with the head supported by an angel, and
the feet by a lamb.
.pm d1
St. Paul’s Chapel, has on the left hand,
a lofty monument erected to the memory
of Sir John Puckering, Knt. and Lord
Chancellor in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
in which office he died on the 20th of
April 1596. His epitaph in Latin over
his effigies, is thus translated:
.pm verse-start
The publick care and laws engag’d my breast,
To live was toilsome, but to die is rest;
Wealth, maces, guards, crowns, titles, things that fade,
The prey of Time and sable Death are made.
.pm verse-end
.nf c
Virtue inspires Men.
.nf-
.pm epi-start
His Wife this statue rears to her lov’d spouse,
The test of constancy and marriage vows.
I trust I shall see the Lord in the Land of the Living.
.pm epi-end
// 048.png
.pn +1
Adjoining to this monument, is one,
much decay’d, for Sir James Fullerton and
his Lady, whose effigies lie upon it, and
on a table of black marble is the following
quaint inscription:
.pm epi-start
Here lie the Remains of Sir James Fullerton,
Knt. first Gentleman of the Bedchamber
to King Charles the First (Prince
and King) a generous Rewarder of all
Virtue, a severe Reprover of all Vice, a
profest Renouncer of all Vanity. He
was a firm Pillar to the Commonwealth,
a faithful Patron to the Catholic Church,
a fair Pattern to the British Court. He
lived to the Welfare of his Country, to
the Honour of his Prince, to the Glory
of his God. He died fuller of Faith
than of Fear, fuller of Resolution than
of Pain, fuller of Honour than of Days.
.pm epi-end
There is a monument erected to the
memory of Sir James Bromley, Chancellor
to Queen Elizabeth, who died on the 12th
of April 1587. This monument is of
alabaster, with pillars of Lydian marble
gilt, and Sir James is represented lying in
his Chancellor’s habit, with his four sons
and four daughters kneeling on the base.
In the same chapel is a plain monument
of Sir Dudley Carlton, who for his services
// 049.png
.pn +1
to King James I. and King Charles I.
was made Viscount Dorchester, and Secretary
of State. He died on the 15th of
February 1631, and is represented on his
tomb sitting in a half rais’d posture.
To the east of this monument is another
of alabaster to the memory of Frances the
wife of Thomas Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex,
who distinguished herself by her humanity
and generosity, and died on the 15th of
April 1589. She is represented in a recumbent
posture, resting on an embroidered
cushion, dressed in robes, and with a
coronet on her head.
Next to this is the monument of Francis
Lord Cottington of Hanworth, who died
on the 9th of June 1652, and of his Lady
who died in 1633. This monument is of
black touchstone, and remarkably different
from every other in the Abbey, On the
top is a circular frame of gilt brass, enclosing
the bust of the Lady, and beneath
is his Lordship on a table monument resting
on his left arm, and over a satyr’s head
is the inscription in English mentioning
his Lordship’s titles and employments.
.pm d1
St. Nicholas’s Chapel contains several remarkable
monuments: near the entrance is
one of black marble, finely polished, to the
// 050.png
.pn +1
memory of the Lady Jane Clifford, youngest
daughter to the Duke of Somerset, and
wife to Charles Lord Clifford and Dungarvan,
who died Nov. 23, 1679. This black
monument is adorned with cherubims and
a scroll of alabaster, whereon is written a
long inscription in English, containing an
account of the Lady’s descent and marriage.
By the door on the same side, is a monument
of alabaster erected for Lady Cecil,
the daughter of Lord Cobham, who having
married Sir Robert Cecil, son to William
Lord Burleigh, Treasurer of England,
died in child-bed in 1591. The Latin inscription
is a dialogue between herself and
husband, expressing their mutual affection.
At some distance is a magnificent temple
of various coloured marble, erected to the
memory of Anne Duchess of Somerset,
wife to Edward Duke of Somerset. She
died on the 16th of April 1618, aged
twenty-eight. The inscription is in Latin
and English, and contains a pompous detail
of the noble lineage of this great Lady,
her alliances and issue.
In this chapel is likewise a very expensive
monument, erected by the great Lord
Burleigh, to the memory of his wife Mildred,
and their daughter the Lady Anne,
// 051.png
.pn +1
Countess of Oxford, representing a stately
temple built with porphyry, and other kinds
of marble gilt. It is divided into two
compartments, one elevated over the other.
In the lower lies Lady Burleigh, in a recumbent
posture, with her daughter Lady
Jane in her arms; and at her head and
feet are her children and grand-children
kneeling. In the upper compartment is
the figure of a venerable old man, supposed
to be the Lord Burleigh, on his knees, as if
at fervent prayer. The Lady Burleigh died
April 4, 1589, aged sixty-three, after being
forty years married, and her daughter,
the Lady Oxford, June 5, 1588. On the
tomb is a long Latin inscription, explaining
the figures, and displaying their respective
virtues and accomplishments.
The next monument I shall mention in
this chapel, is that of the Lady Winifrid,
married first to Sir Richard Sackville, Knt.
and afterwards to John Paulet, Marquis of
Winchester. On the base are the figures of
a Knight armed and kneeling, and facing
him a Lady in mourning also on her knees;
behind whose back lies an infant on a baptismal
font with its head supported by a
pillow.
// 052.png
.pn +1
In the middle of the chapel is a fine raised
monument of polished marble, to the memory
of Sir George Villars and his Lady, whose
son was raised by King James I. to the dignity
of Duke of Buckingham.
In this chapel are two beautiful pyramids;
the largest erected to the memory of
Nicholas Bagnal, a child of two months old,
overlaid by his nurse; the other to the
memory of Anna Sophia Harley, a child of
a year old, daughter to the Hon. Christopher
Harley Embassador to the French King.
She died in the year 1600, and her father,
as appears by the inscription, caused her
heart to be inclosed in a cup, and placed upon
the top of the pyramid.
There are also in this chapel, a monument
to the memory of the Lady Elizabeth Fanes,
and one or two others, scarcely worth
notice.
The Chapel of St. Edmund, has at the entrance
a lofty monument with Gothic spires
erected to the memory of John of Eltham,
second son to King Edward III. and so called
from Eltham in Kent. His statue in armour
is of white alabaster, the head incircled
by a coronet. He died in Scotland
at nineteen years of age, unmarried, tho’
// 053.png
.pn +1
three different matches had been proposed
to him, the last of which, to Mary daughter
of Ferdinand King of Spain, he accepted,
but lived not to consummate it.
Next to this is a small table monument,
on which lie the effigies of William of
Windsor, and Blanch of the Tower, the son
and daughter of Edward III. They took
their surnames from the places of their
birth, and both died in their infancy. They
are dressed in the habits of the times, the
young Prince in a short doublet, of the indecency
of which Chaucer’s parson complains,
and the Princess in a horned head-dress,
which Stow says, was frightful.
On another tomb lies the statue of the
Lady Frances, Duchess of Suffolk, represented
dressed in her robes. She was the
daughter of the famous Charles Brandon by
Mary the French Queen, daughter to Henry
VII. and became Duchess of Suffolk by
marrying Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset,
who, upon her father’s decease, was created
Duke of Suffolk. On her tomb are two inscriptions,
the first in Latin verse in praise
of her virtues, and the other in English,
shewing her different marriages.
The next is an elegant monument of
white marble, erected by John Earl of
// 054.png
.pn +1
Clare, to the memory of his son Francis
Hollis, a youth of great bravery, who,
after returning from making a campaign in
Flanders, died on the 12th of August 1622,
aged eighteen. He is represented clad in
Grecian armour, sitting on a Greek altar.
A good author mentioning this statue, says,
that it expresses more juvenile sweetness
and beauty, than any thing of the kind he
ever saw, and that if this figure has any
fault in character or design, it is being
placed in a languid sedentary posture, tho’
cloathed in armour, and described as a hero
in his bloom; a more spirited attitude, he
observes, would have been more suitable to
the person represented, would have given
the statuary greater latitude to exert his
genius, and afforded more satisfaction to
the spectator. The epitaph on this is as
follows:
.pm verse-start
What so thou hast of nature or of arts,
Youth, beauty, strength, or what excelling parts
Of mind and body, letters, arms, and worth,
His eighteen years, beyond his years brought forth;
Then stand, and read thyself within this glass,
How soon these perish, and thy self may pass;
Man’s life is measur’d by the work, not days,
No aged sloth, but active youth hath praise.
.pm verse-end
// 055.png
.pn +1
On an altar, in the same taste, but differently
ornamented, sits the statue of the Lady
Elizabeth Russel, the daughter of Lord
Russel. This statue is of white alabaster,
and the Lady is represented in a sleeping
posture. Your guides say, that she died
with a prick of her finger; but this story
has no other foundation, than a misapprehension
of the statuary’s design; for having
represented her asleep, and pointing with
her finger to a death’s head under her right
foot, it has been supposed, by the position
of her finger pointing downwards, that it
was bleeding, and that this had closed her
eyes in death; though the artist’s design
seems rather to allude to the composed situation
of her mind at the approach of
death, which she considered only as a profound
sleep, from which she was again to
wake to a joyful resurrection, of which the
motto under her feet, is an evident illustration;
Dormit, non mortua est; “She is not
dead, but sleepeth.” The Latin inscription
on the scroll beneath, only tells that this
monument was erected to her memory by
her afflicted sister Anne. The device is an
eagle, the emblem of eternity, resting on a
florilege of roses, &c.
// 056.png
.pn +1
Within the iron rails that inclose this
last monument, is a magnificent one to the
memory of John Lord Russel, son and heir
to Francis Earl of Bedford, and of his young
son Francis, by Elizabeth the daughter of
Sir Anthony Cook, Knt. This monument
is of various coloured marble and alabaster,
and is adorned with gilding. Lord Russel
is represented lying in his robes, with his
infant son at his feet. His Lady, who erected
this tomb, was esteemed the Sappho of the
age, and was not only an excellent poetess,
but mistress of the learned languages; and
five epitaphs on this tomb are of her composition,
three of which are in Latin, one
in Greek, and the other in English, which
last is here transcribed as a specimen of the
rest, that are to the same purpose:
.pm verse-start
Right noble twice, by virtue, and by birth,
Of Heaven lov’d, and honour’d on the earth:
His country’s hope, his kindred’s chief delight,
My husband dear, more the world’s fair light,
Death hath me ’reft. But I from death will take
His memory, to whom this tomb I make.
John was his name (ah, was!) wretch, must I say;
Lord Russel once, now my tear-thirsty clay.
.pm verse-end
// 057.png
.pn +1
In this chapel is a monument partly enclosed,
to the memory of Talbot Earl of
Shrewsbury and his Lady, who are represented
lying on a black marble table supported
by an alabaster pedestal. This
monument is adorned with variegated
marble finely carved. The inscription contains
his titles and character, which is a very
noble one, and informs us that he died on
the 8th of February 1617, in the fifty-seventh
year of his age.
In this chapel are several other monuments,
adorned in their ancient manner,
with statues lying flat on the backs; and
also some other monuments affixed to the
walls.
The Chapel of St. Benedict, which is that
next to the south cross, has a monument
erected to the memory of Lionel Cranfield
Earl of Middlesex, Lord High Treasurer
of England in the reign of King James I.
This monument was erected by his relict
the Lady Anne, and is of black marble, on
which are two statues in a recumbent posture,
representing his Lordship lying in his
robes, with his Lady. It has a long Latin
inscription, representing his various employments
and honours, and that he finished his
// 058.png
.pn +1
life in a retired leisure, and died on the 6th
of August 1645, aged seventy.
On the east side, where stood the altar
of St. Benedict, is a monument of various
kinds of marble, in memory of Lady
Frances Countess of Hertford, who died on
the 14th of May 1598, in the forty-fourth
year of her age. It is of various kinds of
marble, and the Countess is in the old taste
represented in her robes, lying with her
head resting on an embroidered cushion,
and her feet on the back of a lion.
On the south side of this chapel is a table
monument of white marble to the memory
of George Sprat, the second son of Dr.
Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, an infant of a
year old.
Near it is the monument of Dr. Gabriel
Goodman, the first Dean of this church,
who founded an hospital, and instituted a
school at Rathven in Denbighshire, where
he was born. He was a person of great
piety, and was the first who raised the
learned Camden from obscurity. He is
represented kneeling, in his proper habit.
He died in 1601.
The Tombs in the open parts of the Abbey.
1. At the corner of the last mentioned
// 059.png
.pn +1
chapel is a plain neat monument to the
memory of Mr. Dryden, adorned with no
other ornaments than an elegant bust of
that great poet. It was erected by the late
Duke of Buckingham, who thought no inscription
necessary to transmit the fame of
that great poet to posterity; we therefore
only see these few words, J. Dryden,
born 1632, died May 1, 1700, and underneath,
John Sheffield Duke of Buckinghamshire
erected this monument, 1720.
2. High on a pillar is a neat table monument
to the memory of Mrs. Martha
Birch, who died in 1723, in the fiftieth
year of her age. The inscription also informs
us, that she was daughter to Francis
Viner, Esq; and was first married to Francis
Millington, Esq; and after his death to
Peter Birch, Prebendary of this Abbey;
and that she was pious, chaste, and
prudent.
3. At a small distance is a plain neat monument,
to the memory of Abraham Cowley,
on which is placed a flaming urn, begirt
with a chaplet of laurel; expressive emblems
of the glory he acquired by the spirit
of his writings. The Latin inscription and
epitaph on the pedestal have been thus
translated.
// 060.png
.pn +1
Near this place lies Abraham Cowley, the Pindar,
Horace, and Virgil of England; and the delight,
ornament, and admiration of this age.
.pm verse-start
While, sacred bard, far worlds thy works proclaim,
And you survive in an immortal fame,
Here may you bless’d in pleasing quiet lie,
To guard thy urn may hoary Faith stand by;
And all thy favourite tuneful Nine repair
To watch thy dust with a perpetual care.
Sacred for ever may this place be made,
And may no desperate hand presume t’ invade
With touch unhallow’d, this religious room,
Or dare affront thy venerable tomb;
Unmov’d and undisturb’d till time shall end.
May Cowley’s dust this marble shrine defend.
.pm verse-end
.pm letter-start
So wishes, and desires that wish may be sacred to posterity,
George Duke of Buckingham, who erected this
monument for that incomparable man. He died in
the forty-ninth year of his age, and was carried from
Buckingham-house, with honourable pomp, his exequies
being attended by persons of illustrious characters
of all degrees, and interred August 13, 1667.
.pm letter-end
His grave is just before the monument,
as appears by a blue stone, on which is engraved
his name.
// 061.png
.pn +1
4. The monument of that ancient poet
Geoffery Chaucer, was once a handsome
one in the Gothic stile; but is now defaced
by time. Chaucer, who is stiled the
Father of the English poets, was the son of
Sir John Chaucer, a citizen of London,
employed by Edward III. in negociations
abroad relating to trade. He was first a
student at Cambridge; but afterwards
studied at Merton College, Oxford; and to
perfect himself in the knowledge of the
laws, entered himself of the Middle Temple:
thus accomplished, he soon became a favourite
at court, and was employed as
shield-bearer to the King; was a gentleman
of the bedchamber, and by Edward III.
was sent Embassador abroad. However, in
the succeeding reign he fell into disgrace,
and was committed to the Tower for high-treason,
where he wrote his Testament of
Love: but upon the death of Richard II.
he became a greater favourite at court than
ever, from his having married the great
John of Gaunt’s wife’s sister. He was born
in 1328, and died in 1400.
5. The plain monument of Mr. John
Phillips, has his bust in relief, represented
as in an arbour, interwoven with vines,
laurel branches, and apple-trees; and over
// 062.png
.pn +1
it this motto, Honos erit huic quoque pomo,
alluding to the high qualities ascribed to
the apple, in his excellent poem called
Cyder. He was author of but few pieces;
but those were masterly performances.
His Blenheim, Splendid Shilling, and Lyric
Ode to Lord Bolingbroke on Tobacco, have
been much admired. He was the son of
Dr. Stephen Phillips, Archdeacon of Salop,
was born at Brampton in Oxfordshire
on the 30th of December 1676, and died
of a consumption at Hereford, on the 15th
of February, 1708, in the prime of his
life. The inscription on his monument
contains an account of his virtues and abilities,
and is the strongest testimony of his
merit, since that alone could inspire his
great patron Sir Simon Harcourt, Knt.
with such a generous friendship for him, as
to countenance and encourage him in the
amplest manner when living; and to extend
his regard for him even after his death,
by erecting this monument to his memory.
6. Next this is Mr. Michael Drayton’s
monument. This gentleman was esteemed
an excellent poet, and learned antiquarian.
The inscription and epitaph were formerly
in gold letters; but are now almost obliterated,
and are as follow:
// 063.png
.pn +1
.pm epi-start
Michael Drayton, Esq; a memorable Poet of his
Age, exchanged his Laurel for a Crown of Glory,
Anno 1631.
.pm epi-end
.pm verse-start
Do, pious marble! let thy Readers know
What they, and what their Children owe
To Drayton’s Name, whose sacred dust
We recommend unto thy trust;
Protect his mem’ry and preserve his story;
Remain a lasting Monument of his Glory;
And when thy Ruins shall disclaim
To be the Treasurer of his Name:
His Name, that cannot fade, shall be
An everlasting Monument to thee.
.pm verse-end
7. Ben Johnson’s monument is of white
marble, and his bust is executed with great
happiness and spirit; ’tis inclosed with a
tablature ornamented with a few proper and
elegant decorations, consisting of emblematical
figures: and has no other inscription
but the words O Rare Ben Johnson!
This gentleman was the son of a clergyman,
and educated at Westminster school,
while Mr. Camden was Master; but after
his father’s death, his mother marrying a
bricklayer, he was forced from school,
and being obliged to work for his father,
’tis said, that at the building of Lincoln’s Inn,
he was sometimes seen at work with
// 064.png
.pn +1
his trowel in one hand, and Horace in the
other. However, Mr. Camden having an
esteem for him on account of his abilities,
recommended him to Sir Walter Raleigh.
He attended that brave man’s son in his
travels, and upon his return, entered himself
at Cambridge; afterwards he wrote a
considerable number of plays; became Poet
Laureat to King James I. and died on
the 16th of August 1637, aged 63. His
tomb was erected by the Earl of Essex,
who has inscribed his own name on the
stone.
8. Spenser’s tomb is of grey marble,
and has suffered greatly by time. It was
erected in an age when taste was in its infancy
in England, and yet has something
in it venerably plain, and not absurdly ornamental.
The inscription upon it is as
follows:
.pm letter-start
Here lies (expecting the second coming of
our Saviour Christ Jesus) the Body of
Edmund Spenser, the Prince of Poets in
his time, whose divine Spirit needs no
other witness than the works he left
behind him. He was born in London
in 1510, and died 1596.
.pm letter-end
9. Above Spenser’s monument is that of
Samuel Butler, the author of Hudibrass.
// 065.png
.pn +1
By the Latin inscription, it appears, that it
was erected by John Barber, Esq; Citizen
of London, and afterwards Lord Mayor in
1731, that he who was destitute of all
things when alive, might not want a monument
when dead. Mr. Butler was born at
Shernsham in Worcestershire in 1612, and
died at London in 1680.
10. A plain and neat monument of
white marble in memory of that divine poet,
John Milton, who died in 1674. Under
a very elegant bust made by Rysbrack is this
inscription:
.pm letter-start
In the year of our Lord Christ 1737, this
bust of the author of Paradise Lost was
placed here by William Benson, Esq; one
of the two auditors of the imprest to his
Majesty, &c.
.pm letter-end
11. A monument erected to the memory
of Thomas Shadwell, is adorned with his
bust crowned with a chaplet of bays, an urn,
and other decorations. It was erected to
his honour by his son Dr. Thomas Shadwell,
and the Latin inscription informs us,
that he was descended from an ancient family
in Staffordshire; was Poet Laureat and
Historiographer in the reign of King William,
and died November 20, 1692, in
the fifty-fifth year of his age. This poet
// 066.png
.pn +1
was the author of several plays; but falling
under the lash of Mr. Dryden, was satirized
by him under the character of Ogg, in the
second part of his Absalom and Achitophel.
12. The monument of Matthew Prior,
is adorned with great expence. On one
side of the pedestal stands the figure of
Thalia, one of the Muses, with a flute in
her hand; and on the other History, with
her book shut; between these statues is
Prior’s bust upon a raised altar, and over it is
a handsome pediment, on the ascending sides
of which are two boys, one with an hour-glass
in his hand run out; the other holding
a torch reversed. On the apex of the pediment
is an urn, and on the base of the
monument is a long inscription in Latin,
mentioning the public posts and employments
with which he had been intrusted;
and above we are informed, that while he was
writing the history of his own times, death
interposed, and broke both the thread of
his discourse and of his life, on the 18th
of September 1721, in the fifty-seventh year
of his age.
13. The monument of St. Evremond is
a very plain one, adorned with a bust. The
inscription observes, that he was of a noble
family in Normandy, and was employed in
// 067.png
.pn +1
// 068.png
.pn +1
// 069.png
.pn +1
the army of France, in which he rose to
the rank of a Marshal; but returning to
Holland, was from thence invited by King
Charles II. into England, where he lived
in the greatest intimacy with the King and
principal nobility; more particularly with
the Duchess of Mazarine. He was of a very
sprightly turn of humour, as well in his
conversation as writings, and lived to the
age of ninety, when he was carried off by
a fit of the strangury, on the 9th of September
1703.
.if h
.il fn=i068.jpg w=407px
.ca
S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sc.
Monument of Shakespear
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sc.
Monument of Shakespear]
.sp 2
.if-
14. The monument erected to the memory
of the immortal Shakespear, a print
of which we have here given, is worthy of
that great dramatic writer, and both the
design and execution are extremely elegant.
Upon a handsome pedestal stands his statue
in white marble in the habit of the time
in which he lived, with one elbow leaning
upon some books, and his head reclined
upon his hand, in a posture of meditation.
The attitude, the dress, the shape,
the genteel air, and fine composure observable
in this figure of Shakespear,
cannot be sufficiently admired, and the
beautiful lines of his upon the scroll are
happily chosen.
// 070.png
.pn +1
.pm verse-start
The cloud-cap’d towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself;
Yea, all which it inherits, shall dissolve,
And like the baseless fabric of a vision,
Leave not a wreck behind.
.pm verse-end
Immediately over his head upon a curious
piece of dark-coloured marble, is the
following inscription, in capital letters
raised in gold:
.pm epi-start
Gulielmo Shakespear
Anno Post Mortem cxxiv.
Amor Publicus Posuit.
.pm epi-end
The heads on the pedestal representing
Henry V. Richard III. and Queen Elizabeth,
three principal characters in his plays,
are likewise proper ornaments to grace
his tomb. In short, the taste that is here
shewn, does honour to those great names
under whose direction, by the public favour,
it was so elegantly constructed; these were
the Earl of Burlington, Dr. Mead, Mr.
Pope, and Mr. Martin. It was designed
by Kent, and executed by Scheemakers;
and the expence defrayed by the grateful
contributions of the public.
// 071.png
.pn +1
Mr. Fleetwood, then Master of Drury Lane
Theatre, and Mr. Rich of Covent Garden,
gave each a benefit, arising from
one of his own plays, towards it, and the
Dean and Chapter made a present of the
ground.
15. The next monument is a very fine
one to the memory of Nicholas Rowe, Esq;
and his only daughter. On a pedestal about
twenty inches high, which stands on an
altar, is a fine bust of Mr. Rowe; near it
is his Lady in the deepest affliction, and
between both, on a pyramid behind, is a
medalion, with the head of a young Lady
in relief. On the front of the pedestal is
this inscription:
.pm letter-start
To the memory of Nicholas Rowe, Esq; who died in
1718, aged forty-five, and of Charlotte his only
daughter, wife of Henry Fane, Esq; who inheriting
her father’s spirit, and amiable in her own innocence
and beauty, died in the 23d year of her age, 1739.
.pm letter-end
Underneath upon the front of the altar
are these lines:
.pm verse-start
Thy reliques, Rowe! to this sad shrine we trust,
And near thy Shakespear place thy honoured bust.
Oh! skill’d, next him, to draw the tender tear,
For never heart felt passion more sincere:
// 072.png
.pn +1
To nobler sentiments to fire the brave,
For never Briton more disdain’d a slave!
Peace to thy gentle shade, and endless rest,
Blest in thy genius, in thy love too blest!
And blest, that timely from our scene remov’d,
Thy soul enjoys that liberty it lov’d.
To these so mourn’d in death, so lov’d in life,
The childless Mother, and the widow’d Wife,
With tears inscribes this monumental stone,
That holds their ashes, and expects her own.
.pm verse-end
16. Near this last, is a fine monument
erected to the memory of Mr. John Gay,
by the Duke and Duchess of Queensberry,
his great patrons. His bust is a
very good one, and the masks, instruments
of music, and other devices, are blended together
in a group, in allusion to the various
species of writings in which he excelled, as
farce, satire, fable, and pastoral. The
short epitaph in the front, was written by
himself, and has given some offence, as the
sentiment at first view seems by no means
proper for a monument;
.pm verse-start
Life is a jest, and all things shew it:
I thought so once, but now I know it.
.pm verse-end
// 073.png
.pn +1
.ni
Underneath are these lines:
.pi
.pm verse-start
Of manners gentle, of affections mild;
In wit, a man; simplicity, a child;
With native humour temp’ring virtuous rage,
Form’d to delight, at once, and lash the age:
Above temptation in a low estate,
And uncorrupted, ev’n among the great.
A safe companion, and an easy friend;
Unblam’d thro’ life, lamented in thy end.
These are thy honours; not that here thy bust
Is mix’d with Heroes, or with Kings thy dust;
But that the Worthy and the Good shall say,
Striking their pensive bosoms—Here lies Gay.
.rj
A. Pope.
.pm verse-end
Here lie the ashes of Mr. John Gay, the warmest friend,
the gentlest companion, the most benevolent man;
who maintained independency in low circumstances
of fortune; integrity, in the midst of a corrupt age;
and that equal serenity of mind, which conscious
goodness alone can give, throughout the whole course
of his life. Favourite of the Muses, he was led by
them to every elegant art, refined in taste, and
fraught with graces all his own. In various kinds of
poetry, superior to many, inferior to none: his
works continue to inspire what his example taught;
contempt of folly, however adorned; detestation of
// 074.png
.pn +1
vice, however dignified; reverence of virtue, however
disgraced.
.pm letter-start
Charles and Catharine, Duke and Duchess of
Queensberry, who loved his person living, and
regret him dead, have caused this monument to be
erected to his memory.
.pm letter-end
17. The next is a most magnificent,
lofty and elegant monument, erected to the
late Duke of Argyle, enclosed with rails,
and decorated with figures finely executed.
The statue of the Duke is spirited even at
the verge of life. On one side of the base
is Pallas, and on the other Eloquence; the
one looking sorrowfully up at the principal
figure above, and the other pathetically displaying
the public loss at his death. Above
is the figure of History, with one hand
holding a book, and with the other writing
on a pyramid of most beautiful variegated
marble, admirably polished, the name
and titles of the Hero in large gold letters,
JOHN DUKE OF ARGYLE AND
GR. at which point the pen of History
rests. His actions are supposed to be contained
in the book she holds in her other
hand, on the cover of which in letters of
// 075.png
.pn +1
gold are inscribed the date of his Grace’s
death, and the years of his life. Above is
inscribed on this beautiful pyramid in gold
letters, the following epitaph, said to be
written by Paul Whitehead, Esq;
.pm verse-start
Britain, behold, if patriot worth be dear,
A shrine that claims thy tributary tear:
Silent that tongue admiring Senates heard:
Nerveless that arm opposing legions fear’d:
Nor less, O Campbell! thine the pow’r to please,
And give to grandeur all the grace of ease.
Long from thy life let kindred heroes trace
Arts which ennoble still the noblest race.
Others may owe their future fame to me,
I borrow immortality from thee.
.pm verse-end
On the base of the monument is this inscription:
.pm letter-start
In memory of an honest man, a constant friend, John
the Great Duke of Argyle and Greenwich, a General
and Orator exceeded by none in the age he lived.
Sir Henry Fermer, Baronet, by his last will left the
sum of five hundred pounds towards erecting this monument,
and recommended the above inscription.
.pm letter-end
19. The monument of Isaac Barrow,
D.D. is remarkable for a fine bust of that
// 076.png
.pn +1
great divine and mathematician, who, as
the inscription shews, was Chaplain to King
Charles II. Head of Trinity College, Cambridge;
Professor of Geometry at Gresham
College in London, and of Greek and Mathematics
at Cambridge. He died on the
14th of May 1677, aged forty-seven.
19. A table monument of white marble,
erected to the memory of Sir Richard Cox,
who was taster to Queen Elizabeth, and
King James I. and to the latter steward of
the household.
20. A neat monument erected to the
memory of the learned Isaac Casaubon, by
Dr. Moreton, Bishop of Durham. That
profound scholar and critic whose name is
inscribed upon it, was born in France, and
in his younger years was keeper of the royal
library at Paris; but at length being dissatisfied
with the Romish religion, he, upon
the murder of his great patron Henry IV.
quitted his native country, and at the
earnest entreaty of King James I. settled in
England, where he died in 1614, aged
forty-five.
21. Above this last monument, is another
for John Earnest Grape, a person well
skilled in oriental learning, who is represented
as large as the life, sitting in a
// 077.png
.pn +1
thoughtful posture upon a marble tomb, as
if contemplating on death.
22. Next to the west corner of the south
cross is an ancient monument to the memory
of that great antiquarian William
Camden, who is represented in a half
length, in the dress of his time, holding a
book in his right hand, and in his left his
gloves. He rests on an altar, on the body
of which is a Latin inscription, which mentions
his indefatigable industry in illustrating
the British antiquities, and his candour,
sincerity, and pleasant good humour in private
life. He died Nov. 9, 1623.
In this south cross are several stones to
be met with on the pavement, worthy of
notice. Among these is one over the body
of Thomas Parr, of the county of Salop,
born in 1483. He lived in the reigns of
ten Princes, King Edward IV. King
Edward V. King Richard III. King
Henry VII. King Henry VIII. King
Edward VI. Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth,
King James I. and King Charles I. and was
interred here Nov. 15, 1635, aged an hundred
and fifty-two.
At a small distance from Parr, is a small
white stone, over the body of Sir William
Davenant, who succeeded Ben Johnson as
// 078.png
.pn +1
Poet Laureat to King Charles I. and died in
1688, aged sixty-three. On this stone is
inscribed O rare Sir William Davenant!
and this probably gave the
thought of putting the like inscription on
the monument afterwards erected to his
predecessor Ben Johnson.
Under the pavement near Dryden’s tomb,
lie the remains of Francis Beaumont, the
dramatic writer, who died in London in
March, 1615, and was buried here without
either tomb or inscription.
Affixed to the pillars in this south cross,
are also two table monuments; which we
shall but just mention, one for Samuel Barton,
D.D. a Prebendary of this church,
who died in Sept. 1715, aged sixty-two:
and the other to the memory of Anthony
Horneck, D.D. who was born at Wittenberg
in Zealand, but was educated at Oxford,
and became King’s Divinity Professor
and Chaplain, a Prebendary of this church,
and a Preacher at the Savoy. This gentleman,
who was remarkable for his piety,
died of the stone on the 30th of January,
1696, aged fifty-six.
23. On entering the south side, there is
next the wall a monument erected to the
memory of Sophia Fairholm, Countess of
// 079.png
.pn +1
Anandale. It is the representation of an
ancient sepulchre, over which a stately
edifice is raised, ornamented at the top
with the family arms. She died in the
year 1716, aged forty-six; and the monumental
inscription informs us, that it was
erected by her son the Marquis of Anandale,
as a mark of his duty and gratitude.
24. The monument of the brave Sir
Cloudesly Shovel, who here appears a very
unmeaning figure, with a large stiff wig,
reposing himself upon velvet cushions under
a canopy of state; and on the base is represented
in bas relief, the ship Association in
which the Admiral last sailed, striking
against a rock, with several others perishing
at the same time, and at the top are two
boys blowing trumpets.
This monument has been highly censured
by all persons of taste, tho’ it is erected
to his memory at great expence, and even
by his Sovereign Queen Anne. The great
Mr. Addison has justly exposed it in the
Spectators, and complains at this brave
rough English Admiral’s being here represented
by the figure of a beau; and also
censures the inscription, which instead of
celebrating the many remarkable actions he
had performed in the service of his country,
// 080.png
.pn +1
only informs us of the manner of his death,
from which it was impossible to reap any
honour, tho’ it may excite our pity. The
inscription is as follows:
.pm letter-start
Sir Cloudesly Shovel, Knt. Rear-Admiral
of Great Britain, and Admiral and Commander
in chief of the fleet—the just
reward of his long and faithful services.
He was deservedly beloved of his country,
and esteemed, tho’ dreaded by the
enemy, who had often experienced his
conduct and courage. Being ship-wrecked
on the rocks of Scylly, in his
voyage from Toulon, the 22d of October
1707, at night, in the 57th year
of his age. His fate was lamented by all,
but especially by the seafaring part of the
nation; to whom he was a generous patron,
and a worthy example. His body
was flung on the shore, and buried with
others in the sand; but being soon after
taken up, was placed under this monument,
which his royal Mistress had caused
to be erected to commemorate his steady
loyalty and extraordinary virtues.
.pm letter-end
25. The monument of George Stepney,
Esq; has his bust under a canopy, and two
// 081.png
.pn +1
naked boys weeping and holding handkerchiefs
at their eyes. This monument,
though the materials are very rich, is allowed
to be void of design, and but poorly
executed. The Latin inscriptions give an
account of his virtues, his learning and
abilities, and the many negociations in
which he was employed at foreign courts.
He died at Chelsea in 1706.
26. A lofty and much more elegant
monument for George Churchill, whose
merits are mentioned in a long Latin inscription,
where it is said that he was the
second son of Sir Winston Churchill, of
Dorsetshire, Knt. and a not unworthy brother
of John Duke of Marlborough: that
he was early trained to military affairs, and
served with great honour by sea and land,
under King Charles II. King James II.
King William III. and Queen Anne: that
he was Admiral of the English fleet, at the
burning of the French fleet at La Hogue,
in King William’s reign; and for his bravery
there, made one of the Commissioners of
the Admiralty: that in the succeeding reign
he was made Admiral in chief, and died on
the 8th of May 1718, aged fifty-eight.
27. Near that of Churchill’s, is a stately
monument erected for Sir Palmes Fairborne.
// 082.png
.pn +1
Two pyramids of black marble
standing on cannon balls, have two Moorish
Emperors heads in profile on their tops;
these pyramids are adorned with relievos,
on one Sir Palmes is shot while viewing
the enemy’s lines before the town; and on
the other is a hearse and six horses bringing
him off wounded to the castle. Above in
a lofty dome are the arms of the deceased,
with this motto underneath, TUTUS SI
FORTIS, and over his arms a Turk’s head
on a dagger, by way of crest, which he
won by his valour in fighting against that
people in the German war. On this monument
is the following inscription:
.pm letter-start
Sacred to the immortal memory of Sir Palmes Fairborne,
Knt. Governor of Tangier, in execution of
which command, he was mortally wounded by a shot
from the Moors, then besieging the town, in the 46th
year of his age, October 24, 1680.
.pm letter-end
His epitaph, wrote by Mr. Dryden, runs
thus:
.pm verse-start
Ye sacred reliques, which your marble keep,
Here undisturb’d by wars, in quiet sleep:
Discharge the trust, which (when it was below) }
Fairborne’s undaunted soul did undergo, }
And be the town’s palladium from the foe. }
// 083.png
.pn +1
Alive and dead these walls he will defend:
Great actions great examples must attend.
The Candian siege his early valour knew,
Where Turkish blood did his young hands imbrue;
From thence returning, with deserv’d applause, }
Against the Moors his well-flesh’d sword he draws, }
The same the courage, and the same the cause. }
His youth and age, his life and death combine, }
As in some great and regular design, }
All of a piece throughout, and all divine. }
Still nearer heav’n his virtue shone more bright, }
Like rising flames expanding in their height, }
The martyr’s glory crown’d the soldier’s fight. }
More bravely British General never fell,
Nor General’s death was e’er reveng’d so well,
Which his pleas’d eyes beheld before their close,
Follow’d by thousand victims of his foes.
To his lamented loss, for times to come,
His pious widow consecrates this tomb.
.pm verse-end
26. On a table monument enriched with
military trophies, and raised against the
wall, is the following inscription:
.pm letter-start
To the memory of the honoured Major
Richard Creed, who attended his Majesty
King William the Third in all his
wars, every where signalizing himself,
and never more himself than when he
looked an enemy in the face. At the
glorious battle of Blenheim, Ann. Dom.
// 084.png
.pn +1
1704, he commanded those squadrons
that began the attack; in two several
charges he remained unhurt; but in a
third, after many wounds received, still
valiantly fighting, he was shot through
the head. His dead body was brought
off by his brother, at the hazard of his
own life, and buried there. To his
memory his sorrowful mother erects this
monument, placing it near another which
her son, when living, used to look upon
with pleasure, for the worthy mention it
makes of that great man Edward Earl
of Sandwich, to whom he had the honour
to be related, and whose heroic
virtues he was ambitious to imitate.
.pm letter-end
27. The monument of Sir John Chardin,
who distinguished himself by his travels
into the east, is adorned with a globe,
which exhibits a view of the different countries
he visited, and around it are represented
a number of geographical instruments.
28. The monument of Sidney Earl of
Godolphin is adorned with a bust richly
dressed, and has an inscription which mentions
the employments and honours through
which he passed. He died on September
15, 1712, aged sixty-seven.
// 085.png
.pn +1
29. The next is a double monument
erected to the memory of Sir Charles Harbord,
and Clement Cottrel, Esq; On the
base is represented in relievo a dreadful
sea-fight, and on the top in a wreath of
laurel is this inscription, “To preserve and
unite the memory of two faithful friends,
who lost their lives at sea together, May
28, 1672.” These two young gentlemen
both perished in the Royal James, with
the Earl of Sandwich, who commanded in
that ship as Vice-Admiral against the Dutch
in that memorable fight off the coast of
Sussex in the reign of King Charles II.
The Royal James being set on fire, Sir
Charles Harbord, first Lieutenant, though
he might have saved himself by swimming
as many others did, yet out of pure affection
to his worthy Commander, chose to
die with him. Young Cottrel was a volunteer,
and after being the first man who had
boarded a Dutch ship of 70 guns, and
pulled down her ensign with his own
hands, returned to the Royal James unwounded,
and also perished with his
friends. This gentleman understood seven
languages, tho’ but twenty-two years of
age. This moving story is recited at large
on the monument.
// 086.png
.pn +1
30. A tomb erected to the memory of
Anne Fielding, the first wife of Sir Samuel
Morland, Knt. and Bart. chiefly remarkable
for having two very learned inscriptions:
the first, in Hebrew, is to this
effect:
.pm letter-start
O thou fairest among women! O virtuous
woman! The hand of the Lord hath
done this.
The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken
away, blessed be the name of the Lord.
.pm letter-end
Under this is an Ethiopic inscription,
which has been thus translated:
.pm letter-start
Come let us lament over this monument,
raised for thee by a beloved husband;
but in certain hope that thou art united
with Christ.
This Lady was truly religious, virtuous,
faithful, and, as a dove, mild and chaste;
while she continued in life, she was
honoured, and, through mercy, is happy
in death.
.pm letter-end
Under the Ethiopic is this inscription in
English:
.pm letter-start
Anne, daughter to George Fielding, Esq;
and of Mary his wife, the truly loving
(and as truly beloved) wife of Samuel
// 087.png
.pn +1
Morland, Knt. and Bart. died Feb. 20,
Ann. Dom. 1679–80.
.pm letter-end
31. Near this last is a tomb much in the
same taste, erected to the memory of Carola
Harsnet, the second wife of the same
Baronet, who died in child-bed of her second
son, Oct. 10, 1674, in the 23d year
of her age. Here are two inscriptions, the
first in Hebrew, and the other in Greek,
which have been thus translated:
.pm letter-start
Blessed be the Lord, my wife was precious:
blessed be thy remembrance, O virtuous
woman.
When I think of thy mildness, patience,
charity, modesty, and piety, I lament
thee, O most excellent creature, and
grieve exceedingly: but not like such
as have no faith; for I believe and expect
the resurrection of those who sleep in
Christ.
.pm letter-end
32. Between the two former is a beautiful
monument to the memory of John
Smith, Esq; a fine bust in relievo of that
gentleman, is supported by a weeping figure
representing his daughter, both which are
designed and executed with great judgment
and spirit. The Lady sits upon an urn,
which, with its base and a pyramid behind,
unite the whole in a most harmonious and
// 088.png
.pn +1
agreeable stile. On the base is a Latin inscription,
setting forth his descent and
issue.
33. Over the door that opens into the
cloisters is a noble and elegant monument
erected for General Wade. In the center
is a beautiful marble pillar, enriched with
military trophies most exquisitely wrought.
The principal figures, are Fame pushing
back Time, who is eagerly approaching to
demolish the pillar, with all the ensigns of
honour, with which it is adorned; the
General’s head is in a medalion, and the
whole is executed with great beauty and
elegance. The inscription underneath
runs thus:
.pm letter-start
To the memory of George Wade, Field-Marshal
of his Majesty’s forces, Lieutenant-General
of the ordnance, Colonel
of his Majesty’s third Regiment of Dragoon
guards, Governor of Fort-William,
Fort-Augustus, and Fort-George, and
one of his Majesty’s most honourable
Privy Council. He died March 14, 1748,
aged seventy-five.
.pm letter-end
34. A plain neat monument erected to
the memory of Robert Cannon, D. D.
Dean of Lincoln, and Prebendary of this
// 089.png
.pn +1
church, who died on the 28th of March
1722, aged fifty-nine.
35. An elegant monument of Mrs.
Katharine Bovey. Faith is here represented
with her book closed, and Wisdom lamenting
the death of her Patroness, between
which is the Lady’s head in relief enclosed
in an annulet of black marble curiously
veined. The inscription, which is in English,
gives an excellent character of the
deceased, who died on the 21st of January
1726, in the seventy-second year of her
age; and informs us that Mrs. Mary Pope,
who lived with her near forty years, in perfect
friendship, erected this monument to
her memory.
36. A small table monument to the
memory of Mr. Henry Wharton, which is
only remarkable an account of the distinguished
character of the person whose name
is inscribed upon it. Mr. Wharton was
Rector of Chartham in Kent, Vicar of the
church of Minster in the Isle of Thanet,
Chaplain to Archbishop Sancroft, and
one of the most voluminous writers of
his years. He died on the 3d of March
1694, aged only thirty-one, and was so
universally respected by the Bishops and
Clergy, that Archbishop Tillotson, and several
// 090.png
.pn +1
other prelates, with a vast body of the
clergy, the choir and King’s scholars, all in
solemn procession attended his funeral, and
joined in an anthem composed on this occasion
by the great Purcell.
37. A plain neat monument erected to
the memory of Dr. Thomas Spratt, Bishop of
Rochester, who died in 1713, aged seventy
seven, and of his son Mr. Thomas Spratt,
Archdeacon of Rochester, and Prebendary
of the churches of Rochester, Winchester,
and Westminster, whose remains lie near
those of his father. This monument was
erected by John Friend, M. D. as a testimony
of his respect for those two worthy
personages.
38. A monument for Sir Lumley Robinson,
Bart. of Kentwell-Hall in Suffolk,
who by an untimely death ended his life
Aug. 6, 1684, aged thirty-six. It is
adorned with columns supported by death’s
heads, and the arms upon the base by a
cherub. The sides of the pediment have
enrichments of laurel branches, &c. and on
the top is a vase.
39. The monument of John Friend,
M. D. has an admirable bust of that gentleman,
standing on a pedestal of fine white
veined marble, and under it is a long inscription
// 091.png
.pn +1
in Latin, setting forth the distinguished
acquirements, and great abilities of
that eminent physician.
40. Mr. Congreve’s monument has an
half length marble portrait of that gentleman,
placed on a pedestal of fine Egyptian
marble, and enriched with emblematical
devices relating to the drama. Underneath
is this inscription in English:
.pm letter-start
Mr. William Congreve died January 19,
1728, aged fifty-six, and was buried
near this place. To whose most valuable
memory this monument is set up by
Henrietta Duchess of Marlborough, as
a mark how dearly she remembers the
happiness she enjoyed in the sincere
friendship of so worthy and honest a man;
whose virtue, candour and wit, gained
him the love and esteem of the present
age; and whose writings will be the admiration
of the future.
.pm letter-end
41. The monument of the Right Hon.
James Craggs, Esq; his statue is represented
leaning on an urn, and was one of the first
in the Abbey represented standing. The
inscription, which is in golden characters,
shews that he was Principal Secretary of
state, and a man universally beloved, which
is there particularly remarked, because as
// 092.png
.pn +1
he was only a shoe-maker’s son, it is the
more surprizing that in the high station to
which he was raised by his merit, he should
escape envy, and acquire the general esteem.
He died on the 16th of February 1720.
Upon the base of this monument are the
following lines, written by Mr. Pope:
.pm verse-start
Statesman, yet friend to truth, of soul sincere,
In action faithful, and in honour clear!
Who broke no promise, serv’d no private end;
Who gain’d no title, and who lost no friend;
Ennobled by himself, by all approved;
Prais’d, wept, and honour’d by the Muse he lov’d.
.pm verse-end
.if h
.il fn=i093.jpg w=410px
.ca
S. Wale delin C. Grignion sc.
Cap^t. Cornwall’s Monument
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin C. Grignion sc.
Cap^t. Cornwall’s Monument]
.sp 2
.if-
42. On the south side of the great west
entrance is a noble monument erected to
the memory of the brave Captain Cornwall,
who after distinguishing himself by
his heroism, was unhappily slain in the
battle between the English fleet, commanded
by the Admirals Matthews and
Lestock, and the French. This monument
was erected to his honour by order
of Parliament, and is a noble testimony of
the public gratitude for his distinguished
merit. On the back is a lofty pyramid of
Egyptian marble beautifully variegated, and
finely polished, standing on a base of the
// 093.png
.pn +1
// 094.png
.pn +1
// 095.png
.pn +1
same marble. Upon this base is a rock of
white marble, along the different parts of
which run sea weeds. Near the top stands
a fine figure of Fame, placing a medalion
of the Captain on the summit of the rock,
underneath which is a naval crown, a
globe, the trumpet of Fame, and other
ornaments, and behind rises to the top of
the pediment a palm, entwined with a
laurel. On the other side of the medalion
stands a beautiful figure of Britannia, with
the British Lion couchant at her feet. Beneath,
in an opening of the rock, is a Latin
inscription on a fine piece of polished
porphyry, mentioning his descent, and the
manner of his death, which happened
while fighting for his country, on the 3d
of February 1743, in the 45th year of his
age, and that the Senate of Britain consecrated
this monument to his memory. In
another opening of the rock, a little lower,
is represented in bass relief a view of the
engagement in which this great man perished,
and at the bottom of the rock on
the sides lie cannons, flags, anchors, &c.
all of white marble.
43. The next is an elegant monument
for Sir Thomas Hardy, Knt. On the
back is a lofty pyramid of a bluish coloured
// 096.png
.pn +1
marble, at the foot of which the statue of
the deceased is placed, reclining upon a
tomb of elegant workmanship, with a
naked boy on his left side weeping over an
urn: the enrichments round the pedestal
on which he stands are just and proper;
and the inscription contains the following
short history of his life:
.pm letter-start
Sir Thomas Hardy, to whose memory
this monument is erected, was bred in
the royal navy from his youth, and was
made a Captain in 1693.
In the expedition to Cadiz, under Sir
George Rooke, he commanded the
Pembroke; and when the fleet left the
coast of Spain, to return to England, he
was ordered to Lagos Bay, where he got
intelligence of the Spanish galleons being
arrived in the harbour of Vigo, under
convoy of seventeen French men of war:
by his great diligence and judgment he
joined the English fleet, and gave the
Admiral that intelligence which engaged
him to make the best of his way to Vigo,
where all the aforementioned galleons
and men of war were either taken or destroyed.
After the success of that action, the Admiral
sent him with an account of it to
// 097.png
.pn +1
the Queen, who ordered him a considerable
present, and knighted him.
Some years afterwards he was made a Rear-Admiral,
and received several other
marks of favour and esteem from her
Majesty, and from her Royal Consort
Prince George of Denmark, Lord High
Admiral of England.
.pm letter-end
44. The monument of John Conduit,
Esq; is allowed, in point of design, to be
not inferior to that last mentioned, and
there is something in the manner which
shews them both to be the workmanship
of the same hand. In the middle of
the pyramid is a large medalion of brass,
round which is a Latin inscription, thus
english’d, John Conduit, Master of
the Mint; this medalion is suspended by
a cherub above, and rests on another below.
This gentleman succeeded his relation
the great Sir Isaac Newton in that office,
and desired to be interred near him,
as appears from a long Latin inscription on
the base. He died May 23d, 1727, aged
forty-nine. Catharine his wife died Jan.
20, 1739, and lies interred under the same
tomb.
45. The monument of William Horneck,
Esq; is enriched with books, plans,
// 098.png
.pn +1
and instruments of fortification, alluding
to the employments of the deceased; who
was chief engineer to the royal train of artillery,
and, as his inscription informs us,
learned the art of war under the great Duke
of Marlborough. He died May 10, 1743.
46. The monument of Sir Godfrey
Kneller, Knt. has a bust of Sir Godfrey
under a canopy of state, the curtains of
which are gilt and tied with golden strings,
and on each side the bust is a weeping Cupid,
one resting on a framed picture, the other
holding a painter’s pallat and pencils. This
monument is not however much esteemed.
On the pedestal is a Latin inscription,
signifying that Sir Godfrey Kneller, Knt.
who lies interred here, was painter to
King Charles II. King James II. King
William III. Queen Anne, and King
George I. Underneath is his epitaph
written by Mr. Pope, which has been also
much censured:
.pm verse-start
Kneller! by Heav’n, and not a master taught!
Whose art was nature, and whose pictures thought;
Now for two ages having snatch’d from fate
Whate’er was beauteous, or whate’er was great,
Rests crown’d with Princes’ honours, Poets’ lays,
Due to his merit, and brave thirst of praise.
// 099.png
.pn +1
Living, great Nature fear’d he might outvie
Her works; and dying, fears herself may die.
.pm verse-end
47. We come now to the monument of
Anna Countess Dowager of Clanrikard,
which is adorned with excellent carving,
and a fine statue of that Lady resting upon
a tomb. The inscription gives an account
of her descent, marriages, and issue, and
informs us, that she died on the 14th of
January 1732, in the 49th year of her age.
48. The monument of John Woodward,
M. D. is a very beautiful one, and the
figures most admirably finished. The head
of the deceased is represented in profile, in
a very masterly manner, and the Lady who
holds it is inimitably performed. The inscription
contains a panegyric on the parts
and learning of the deceas’d.
49. A neat plain monument erected to
the memory of Heneage Twisden, a young
hero, who fell in the battle of Blairgnies
in Hainault, while he was Aid de Camp to
John Duke of Argyle, who commanded
the right wing of the Confederate army.
He was the seventh son of Sir William
Twisden, Bart. and a youth of the greatest
expectations; but the fortune of war put a
stop to his rising merit, in 1709, and in
the 29th year of his age.
// 100.png
.pn +1
Near this monument are two small ones
to the memory of two of his brothers,
Josiah and John; Josiah was a Captain at
the siege of Agremont, near Lisle in Flanders,
and was slain by a cannon shot in
1708, at twenty-three years of age. John
was a Lieutenant in the Admiral’s ship,
under Sir Cloudesly Shovel, and perished
with him in 1707, aged twenty-three.
50. A monument erected in honour of
Col. James Bringfield, ornamented with
military trophies, cherubs, &c. and surrounded
by a mantling enclosing a tablet,
on which is inscribed the military preferments
of the deceased, the manner of his
death and burial, and the praises of his
piety and virtue. He was born at Abingdon
in Berks, was Equerry to Prince
George of Denmark, and Aid de Camp to
the Great Duke of Marlborough; but was
killed by a cannon ball, as he was remounting
his General on a fresh horse, at the
battle of Ramelies, May 12, 1706, and
was interred at Barechem in Brabant, in
the 50th year of his age.
51. The monument of Mr. Killegrew
has been reckoned one of the best pieces of
sculpture in the whole church, and what
is remarkable, is cut out of one stone.
// 101.png
.pn +1
The embellishments are distinct and very
picturesque, and the inscription, short,
modest, and soldier-like. It is as follows:
.pm letter-start
Robert Killegrew, of Arwenack in Cornwall,
Esq; son of Thomas and Charlotte,
Page of honour to King Charles II. Brigadier
General of her Majesty’s forces,
killed in Spain in the battle of Almanza,
April 14, 1707. Ætatis fuæ 47. Militavi
Annis 24.
.pm letter-end
52. The next is a monument erected to
the memory of Mrs. Mary Beaufoy, who
is represented in a devout posture, with
cherubs crowning her: on each side are
Cupids lamenting the early decay of a virgin
beauty, and underneath the arms of her
family quarterly upheld by cherubs. On
the base is the following inscription:
.pm letter-start
Reader! whoever thou art, let the sight of
this tomb imprint in thy mind, that the
young and old without distinction, leave
this world; and therefore fail not to secure
the next. This Lady was only
daughter and heiress to Sir Henry Beaufoy,
of Guyscliffe, near Warwick, by
the Hon. Charlotte Lane, eldest daughter
of George Lord Viscount Lansborough.
She died July 12, 1705.
.pm letter-end
// 102.png
.pn +1
53. After passing by a few monuments
unworthy of notice, we come to that of
Admiral Baker, adorned with a rostral
column of curiously veined marble, decorated
with the prows of galleys, a Medusa’s
head, and other naval and military trophies,
with this short inscription underneath:
.pm letter-start
To the memory of John Baker, Esq; Vice-Admiral
of the White Squadron of the
British Fleet; who, when he commanded
in the Mediterranean, died at Port
Mahon, Nov. 10, 1736, aged fifty-six.
He was a brave, judicious and experienced
officer; a sincere friend, and a
true lover of his country.
Manet post Funera Virtus.
.pm letter-end
54. Next to this is Mr. Priestman’s monument,
to which is suspended by a knot
of ribbons, fastened to a column of variegated
marble, a fine medalion, with the
words Henry Priestman, Esq; round
the head. Underneath are naval trophies
and sea instruments; and upon the base is
an inscription, shewing that the person to
whom this monument is erected, was Commander
in chief of a squadron of ships of
war in the reign of King Charles II. a
Commissioner of the Navy, and one of the
// 103.png
.pn +1
Commissioners for executing the office of
Lord High Admiral of England in the
reign of King William III. He died Aug.
20, 1712, aged 65.
55. The monument of Philip Carteret,
son to Lord George Carteret, who died a
King’s scholar at Westminster, ripe for the
university, on the 19th of March 1710,
aged nineteen. On the upper part is an
admirable bust of this noble youth, and
underneath a very fine figure of Time standing
on an altar, and holding a scroll in his
hand, whereon is written in Sapphic verses,
lines to the following import, which he is
supposed to be repeating:
.pm verse-start
Why flows the mournful Muse’s tear,
For thee! cut down in life’s full prime?
Why sighs, for thee, the parent dear!
Cropt by the scythe of hoary Time?
Lo! this, my Boy’s the common lot!
To me thy memory entrust;
When all that’s dear shall be forgot,
I’ll guard thy venerable dust.
From age to age, as I proclaim
Thy learning, piety, and truth;
Thy great example shall enflame;
And emulation raise in youth.
.pm verse-end
// 104.png
.pn +1
56. A neat monument erected for Edward
de Carteret, the son of Sir Edward
de Carteret, Gentleman Usher to King
Charles II. who died on the 30th of October
1677, in the eighth year of his age.
It is ornamented with cherubs and with
festoons of leaves and fruit.
57. The monument of Thomas Levingston,
Viscount Teviot, is decorated with
the arms, supporters, and crest of that
nobleman, and with military trophies, alluding
to his profession of a soldier. On
the face of the monument is a long inscription
in Latin, shewing that he was born
in Holland, but descended from the Levingstons
in Scotland; that from his childhood
he was trained to arms; and having attended
the Prince of Orange into Britain, as a
Colonel of foot, rose to the rank of a
Lieutenant-General in the army, and General
of the Scotch forces, was made
Master of the ordnance, and a Privy Counsellor;
that he secured Scotland to the
King by one decisive action on the Spey,
for which he was advanced to the dignity
of a Viscount, and that he died on the
14th of Jan. 1710, aged sixty.
58. A handsome monument erected for
the Lord Constable, ornamented with a
// 105.png
.pn +1
cherub below, and the family arms above.
It has this short inscription:
.pm letter-start
Near this lies the Right Hon. Robert Lord
Constable, Viscount Dunbar, who departed
this life Nov. 23, 1714, in the
sixty-fourth year of his age.
.pm letter-end
59. A plain neat monument for Peter
Heylin, D.D. and Prebendary of this
church, who died on the 8th of May
1662. It is adorned with a pediment, and
the arms of the deceased, and contains a
long inscription in Latin, mentioning the
most remarkable incidents in his life.
60. The tomb of Charles Williams,
Esq; adorned with very remarkable scroll-work,
and scollopping; what is very singular
is, its being supported by a death’s head on
the wings of Time. This gentleman died on
the 29th of August 1720, aged eighty-seven.
61. A small but elegant monument
erected to the memory of the celebrated
Henry Purcell, Esq; well known by his
admirable musical compositions. The inscription
consists of this short and comprehensive
sentence:
.pm epi-start
Here lies Henry Purcell, who left this life,
and is gone to that blessed place, where
only his harmony can be exceeded. He
died Nov. 21, 1697, in his 37th year.
.pm epi-end
// 106.png
.pn +1
62. The next is the monument of William Croft,
Doctor in music. On the pedestal
is an organ in bas relief, and on the top, a
bust of the deceased,
63. The tomb of John Blow, Doctor in
music, is adorned with cherubs, flowers,
and a canon in four parts set to music. In
the center is an English inscription, by
which it appears he was organist, composer,
and master to the children in the chapel
royal thirty-five years, and organist to this
Abbey fifteen years; that he was scholar
to Dr. Christopher Gibbons; and master
to the famous Mr. Purcell, and to most of
the eminent masters of his time. He died
Oct. 1. 1708, in his sixtieth year; and his
epitaph observes, that his own musical compositions,
especially his church music, are
a far nobler monument to his memory than
any other that can be raised to him.
64. We come now to the neat and elegant
monument erected to the memory of
Dr. Boulter, Archbishop of Armagh in
Ireland. It is of the finest marble beautified
with an admirable new invented polish.
The bust of this worthy Archbishop is
finely executed; his long flowing hair has
all the gracefulness of nature, without the
smallest degree of that stiffness which belongs
// 107.png
.pn +1
to stone; and his venerable countenance
strikes the beholder with reverence.
The ensigns of his dignity wherewith the
monument is adorned, are most exquisitely
fine, and every part about it discovers a
masterly genius in the sculptor. The inscription
is inclosed in a beautiful border of
porphyry, and is as follows:
.pm letter-start
Dr. Hugh Boulter, late Archbishop of Armagh,
Primate of all Ireland, a Prelate
so eminent for the accomplishments of
his mind, the purity of his heart, and the
excellence of his life, that it may be
thought superfluous to specify his titles,
recount his virtues, or even erect a monument
to his fame. His titles he not
only deserved, but adorned; his virtues
are manifest in his good works, which
had never dazzled the public eye, if they
had not been too bright to be concealed;
and as to his fame, whosoever has any
sense of merit, any reverence for piety,
any passion for his country, or any charity
for mankind, will assist in preserving
it fair and spotless, that when brass and
marble shall mix with the dust they
cover, every succeeding age may have the
benefit of his illustrious example. He
was born Jan. 4, 1671, was consecrated
// 108.png
.pn +1
Bishop of Bristol, 1718, translated to
the Archbishopric of Armagh, 1723,
and from thence to Heaven, Sept. 27,
1742.
.pm letter-end
65. A plain table monument erected to
the memory of Dr. Samuel Bradford, Bishop
of Rochester, who died on the 14th of
May 1731, in the seventy-ninth year of
his age. It contains a long Latin inscription
scarce legible, surrounded with the
arms, and proper ensigns of his several
dignities.
66. The next is a monument erected
to the memory of Richard Kane, Esq;
Governor of Minorca, adorned with a curious
bust of that gentleman in white
marble, placed upon a handsome pedestal,
whereon are inscribed the most remarkable
passages of his life. He was born at Down
in Ireland, Dec. 20, 1661. In 1689 he
first appeared in a military capacity at the
memorable siege of Derry; and after the
reduction of Ireland, followed King William
into Flanders, where he distinguished
himself, particularly by his intrepid behaviour
at the siege of Namur, where he was
grievously wounded. In 1702, he bore a
commission in the service of Queen Anne,
and assisted in the expedition to Canada;
// 109.png
.pn +1
from whence he again returned into Flanders,
and fought under the Duke of Argyle and
Greenwich, and afterwards under Lord
Carpenter. In 1712, he was made Sub-Governor
of Minorca, through which island
he caused a road to be made, which had
been thought impracticable. In 1720 he
was ordered by King George I. to the defence
of Gibraltar, where he sustained an
eight months siege against the Spaniards,
when all hope of relief was extinguished.
For which gallant service he was afterwards,
by King George II. rewarded with
the government of Minorca, where he died
Dec. 19, 1736, and was buried in the castle
of St. Philip.
67. The monument of Percy Kirk,
Esq; is adorned with a fine bust of that
gentleman, on each side of which is a winged
seraph, one with a dagger in his right
hand inverted, and in his left a helmet;
the other resting on a ball, and holding in
his left hand a torch reversed. The inscription
lets us know, that he was Lieutenant-General
of his Majesty’s armies; that he
was son to Percy Kirk, Lieutenant-General
in the reign of King James II. by the Lady
Mary, daughter to George Howard Earl
// 110.png
.pn +1
of Suffolk, and that he died Jan. 1, 1741,
aged fifty-seven.
68. We come now to the monument
erected to the memory of that brave commander
the Lord Aubrey Beauclerk, ornamented
with arms, trophies, and naval ensigns,
and in an oval nich on a beautiful
pyramid of dove-coloured marble, is a fine
bust of that young Hero. On this pyramid
is the following historical inscription:
.pm letter-start
The Lord Aubrey Beauclerk was the
youngest son of Charles Duke of St.
Albans, by Diana, daughter of Aubrey
de Vere Earl of Oxford. He went early
to sea, and was made a commander in
1731. In 1740, he was sent upon that
memorable expedition to Carthagena,
under the command of Admiral Vernon,
in his Majesty’s ship the Prince Frederic,
which, with three others, was ordered
to cannonade the castle of Boccachica.
One of these being obliged to quit her
station, the Prince Frederic was exposed,
not only to the fire from the castle, but
to that of Fort St. Joseph, and to two
ships that guarded the mouth of the harbour,
which he sustained for many hours
that day, and part of the next, with uncommon
intrepidity. As he was giving
// 111.png
.pn +1
his commands upon deck, both his legs
were shot off; but such was his magnanimity,
that he would not suffer his
wounds to be drest, till he communicated
his orders to his first Lieutenant, which
were, To fight his ship to the last extremity.
Soon after this he gave some directions
about his private affairs, and
then resigned his soul with the dignity of
a Hero and a Christian. Thus was he
taken off in the thirty-first year of his
age, an illustrious commander of superior
fortitude and clemency, amiable in
his person, steady in his affections, and
equalled by few in the social and domestic
virtues of politeness, modesty, candour,
and benevolence. He married the widow
of Col. Francis Alexander, a daughter
of Sir Henry Newton, Knt. Envoy
Extraordinary to the Court of Florence
and the Republic of Genoa, and Judge
of the high court of Admiralty.
.pm letter-end
Over his inscription is the following
epitaph:
.pm verse-start
Whilst Britain boasts her Empire o’er the deep,
This marble shall compel the brave to weep;
As men, as Britons, and as soldiers mourn:
’Tis dauntless, loyal, virtuous Beauclerk’s urn.
// 112.png
.pn +1
Sweet were his manners, as his soul was great,
And ripe his worth, tho’ immature his fate;
Each tender grace that joy and love inspires,
Living, he mingled with his martial fires;
Dying, he bid Britannia’s thunder roar,
And Spain still felt him, when he breath’d no more.
.pm verse-end
69. A beautiful monument erected to
the memory of Admiral Balchen, on which
is his bust well executed in the finest white
marble. The enrichments, arms and
trophies, are admirably wrought, but in
fastening the cable to the anchor this excellent
artist has shewn that he is no mariner.
In the front is a fine representation
of a ship in a storm. The inscription is as
follows:
.pm letter-start
To the memory of Sir John Balchen, Knt.
Admiral of the White Squadron of his
Majesty’s fleet in 1744, being sent out
Commander in chief of the combined
fleets of England and Holland, to cruize
on the enemy, was on his return home
in his Majesty’s ship the Victory, lost in
the Channel by a violent storm; from
which sad circumstance of his death we
may learn, that neither the greatest skill,
judgment, or experience, joined to the
most firm unshaken resolution, can resist
// 113.png
.pn +1
the fury of the winds and waves; and
we are taught from the passages of his
life, which were filled with great and
gallant actions, but ever accompanied
with adverse gales of fortune, that the
brave, the worthy and the good man,
meets not always his reward in this
world. Fifty-eight years of faithful and
painful services he had passed, when being
just retired to the government of
Greenwich Hospital to wear out the remainder
of his days, he was once more,
and for the last time, called out by his
King and Country, whose interest he ever
preferred to his own, and his unwearied
zeal for their service ended only in his
death; which weighty misfortune to his
afflicted family became heightened by
many aggravating circumstances attending
it; yet amidst their grief had they
the mournful consolation to find his gracious
and royal Master mixing his concern
with the general lamentations of the
public, for the calamitous fate of so zealous,
so valiant, and so able a Commander;
and as a lasting memorial of the sincere
love and esteem borne by his widow, to
a most affectionate and worthy husband,
this honorary monument was erected by
// 114.png
.pn +1
her. He was born Feb. 2, 1669, married
Susannah, daughter of Col. Apreece
of Washingly in the County of Huntingdon.
Died Oct. 7, 1744, leaving
one son and one daughter, the former of
whom, George Balchen, survived him
but a short time; for being sent to the
West Indies in 1745, Commander of his
Majesty’s ship the Pembroke, he died in
Barbadoes in December the same year,
aged 28, having walked in the steps, and
imitated the virtue and bravery of his
good, but unfortunate father.
.pm letter-end
70. A noble and elegant monument
erected in honour of General Guest. It is
adorned with a pyramid and base of the
most beautiful Egyptian porphyry, ornamented
with the finest enrichments, and
on the latter is an admirable bust of the
General of white marble. The whole is
executed in the most delicate and masterly
manner. It has this short, but apposite
inscription:
.pm letter-start
Sacred to those virtues that adorn a Christian
and a Soldier, this marble perpetuates
the memory of Lieut. Gen. Joshua Guest,
who closed a service of sixty years by
faithfully defending Edinburgh castle
against the Rebels, 1745.
.pm letter-end
// 115.png
.pn +1
71. The next worthy of notice is the
elegant monument of Sir Charles Wager.
The principal figure here is that of Fame
holding a portrait of Sir Charles in relief,
which is also supported by an infant Hercules.
The enrichments are naval trophies,
instruments of war and navigation,
&c. on the base is represented in relief the
destroying and taking of the Spanish galleons
in 1708, The inscription is as follows:
.pm epi-start
To the memory of Sir Charles Wager, Knt.
Admiral of the White, first Commissioner of the Admiralty,
And Privy Counsellor;
A man of great natural talents,
Who bore the highest commands,
And pass’d through the greatest employments,
With credit to himself, and honour to his country.
He was in private life
Humane, temperate, just, and bountiful:
In public station,
Valiant, prudent, wise, and honest:
Easy of access to all;
Plain and unaffected in his manners,
Steady and resolute in his conduct:
So remarkably happy in his presence of mind,
That no danger ever discompos’d him;
Esteemed and favoured by his King;
Beloved and honoured by his Country.
He died 24 May 1743. Aged 77.
.pm epi-end
// 116.png
.pn +1
72. The next tomb in the Abbey that
demands our attention, is that erected to
the memory of John Hollis Duke of Newcastle,
by his daughter the Countess of Oxford.
This is perhaps the loftiest and most
costly of any in the Abbey. A pediment
is supported by beautiful columns of variegated
marble. The Duke is represented
resting upon a sepulchral monument, holding
in his right hand a General’s staff, and
in his left a ducal coronet. On one side
the base stands a statue of Wisdom, on the
other, of Sincerity. On the angles of the
upper compartment sit angels, and on the
ascending sides of the pediment sit two
cherubs, one with an hour-glass, alluding
to the admeasurement of man’s life by grains
of sand; the other pointing upwards, where
life shall no longer be measured by hours
and minutes. On the base is an inscription
enumerating his Grace’s titles, and several
employments; his marriage and issue;
and informing us that he was born Jan. 9,
1661–2, and died July 15, 1711.
73. The monument of William Cavendish
Duke of Newcastle is also very pompous,
but is in the old taste. Under a rich
canopy of state lie, as the inscription expresses
it, “The loyal Duke of Newcastle,
// 117.png
.pn +1
and his Duchess, his second wife, by
whom he had no issue: her name was
Margaret Lucas, youngest sister to Lord
Lucas of Colchester, a noble family; for
all the brothers were valiant, and all the
sisters virtuous. The Duchess was a
wise, witty, and learned Lady, which
her many books do well testify: She was
a most virtuous, and a loving and careful
wife, and was with her Lord all the
time of his banishment and miseries;
and when he came home, never parted
from him in his solitary retirements.”
This is the English inscription. The Latin
gives his titles and employments; and observes,
that for his fidelity to King Charles I.
he was made Captain-General of the forces
raised for his service in the North, fought
many battles, and generally came off victorious;
but that when the rebels prevailed
(being one of the first designed a sacrifice)
he left his estate, and endured a long exile.
It then gives his issue by his first wife, and
concludes with observing, that he died
Dec. 27, 1676, in his eighty-fourth year.
74. On the adjoining pillar is a neat
tablet, on which is this inscription:
// 118.png
.pn +1
.pm letter-start
Grace, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Mauleverer of
Allerton Mauleverer in Yorkshire, Bart. born 1622,
married unto Col. Scott, a member of the Hon. House
of Commons 1644, and died Feb. 24, 1645.
.pm letter-end
.pm verse-start
He that will give my Grace but what is hers,
Must say her death has not
Made only her dear Scott,
But Virtue, Worth, and Sweetness, widowers.
.pm verse-end
75. The monument of Dame Mary James
is neatly ornamented with an urn, wreathed
and crowned with a Viscount’s coronet,
on a handsome pedestal The inscription
observes that this Lady was wife to Sir
John James, of the ancient family of the
Lords of Hostrick in Holland, and that she
died Nov. 6, 1667.
76. A magnificent and elegant monument
of white marble to the memory of Sir
Peter Warren, done by Roubiliac. Close
to the wall is a large flag hanging to the
flag-staff, and spreading in very natural
folds behind the whole monument. Before
it is a fine figure of Hercules placing Sir
Peter’s bust on its pedestal; and on the
other side, Victory, with a laurel wreath
in her hand, is seated gazing on the bust
with a look of melancholy mixed with
// 119.png
.pn +1
admiration. Behind her a Cornucopia pours
out fruit, corn, the fleece, &c. and by it
is a cannon, an anchor, and other decorations.
The inscription is as follows:
.pm epi-start
Sacred to the memory
Of Sir Peter Warren,
Knight of the Bath,
Vice-Admiral of the Red Squadron
Of the British Fleet,
And Member of Parliament
For the City and Liberty of Westminster.
.pm epi-end
And a little lower:
.pm epi-start
He derived his descent from an ancient Family of Ireland,
His fame and honours from his virtues and abilities.
How eminently these were displayed,
With what vigilance and spirit they were exerted,
In the various services wherein he had the honour to command,
And the happiness to conquer,
Will be more properly recorded in the annals of
GREAT BRITAIN.
On this tablet, affection with truth may say,
That deservedly esteemed in private life,
And universally renowned for his public conduct,
The judicious and gallant officer
Possessed all the amiable qualities of the Friend,
The Gentleman, and the Christian.
// 120.png
.pn +1
But the ALMIGHTY,
Whom alone he feared,
And whose gracious protection he had often experienced,
Was pleased to remove him from a life of honour
To an eternity of happiness,
On the 29th day of July 1752, in the 49th year of his age.
.pm epi-end
On the bottom of the base:
.pm epi-start
Susannah, his afflicted wife, caused this monument
to be erected.
.pm epi-end
77. The monument inscribed to the
memory of Sir Gilbert Lort, of Stackpole
in Pembrokeshire, who died Sept. 19, 1698,
was erected to his memory by his sister
Dame Elizabeth Campbell of Calder in
Scotland. The author of The Review of
the public buildings, &c. observes, that the
two boys here placed on each side a little
tomb, are in a very pretty taste, and a perfect
contrast to each other; one representing
passionate, exclamatory grief, and the
other still and silent; and adds, “’Tis pity
they are divided by so bad an ornament
in the middle: had they leaned on a
single urn, which, in the antique taste,
might have been supposed to hold his
ashes, they would have had a fine effect,
and challenged more admiration than
many a more pompous and expensive pile.”
// 121.png
.pn +1
78. The monument erected to Hugh
Chamberlayne, M.D. was some years ago
esteemed one of the best pieces in the
Abbey; but some of the later monuments
greatly exceed it. The principal figure
lies, as it were, at ease, upon a tomb stone,
leaning upon his right arm, with his hand
upon his night cap, and his head uncovered.
In his left hand, he holds a book, to
shew his intense application to study. On
each side are the emblems of Physic and
Longevity; and over his head, is Fame descending
with a trumpet in one hand, and
a wreath in the other. On the top are
weeping cherubs, and on the pedestal a long
Latin inscription, which mentions his great
knowledge and industry in his profession,
his humanity in relieving the sick, and his
affinities and connections in social and private
life. He died June 17, 1728, aged
sixty-four.
79. The tomb of Almericus de Courcy,
Baron of Kinsale, in Ireland, is ornamented
with the figure of his Lordship in armour,
reposing himself after the fatigues of an active
life, under a gilded canopy. The inscription
shews, that he was descended
from the famous John de Courcy, Earl of
Ulster, who in the reign of King John, in
// 122.png
.pn +1
consideration of his great valour, obtained
the extraordinary privilege for him and his
heirs, of being covered in the King’s presence.
Almericus de Courcy died Feb. 9,
1719, aged fifty-seven.
80. The monument of Sir Thomas
Duppa is adorned with flowers and foliage,
and on the top with an urn wreathed. The
inscription shews, that Sir Thomas in his
youth waited upon King Charles II. when
Prince of Wales, and at length became Gentleman
Usher of the Black Rod, in which
office he died April 25, 1694, aged 75.
81. We come now to a monument that
has been much admired, and as much censured,
that of Dame Elizabeth Carteret,
who died on the 26th of March, 1717,
aged fifty-two. This Lady is represented
springing upwards, with only one foot fixed
to the earth, and a little winged seraph descending
to receive her; but the disproportions
are so great between them, that one
cannot help thinking, that it is much more
likely she should pull the aerial messenger
down, than he raise her one inch from the
ground; but what is still worse, her attitude
is such, that it is impossible she should
know that he is coming to give her a lift.
Below her hovering on the base, is another
// 123.png
.pn +1
of these heavenly spirits unfolding a very indifferent
epitaph.
82. We come now to the grand and
magnificent monument of the great Sir
Isaac Newton, whose statue is formed recumbent,
leaning his right arm on four
folios, thus titled Divinity, Chronology,
Optics, and Phil: Prin: Math: and
pointing to a scroll supported by cherubs.
Over him is a large globe projecting from a
pyramid behind, whereon is delineated the
course of the comet in 1680, with the
signs, constellations and planets. On this
globe sits the figure of Astronomy, with her
book closed, in a very thoughtful composed
and pensive mood. Beneath the principal
figure is a very fine bas relief, representing
the various labours in which Sir Isaac
chiefly employed his time: such as discovering
the cause of gravitation, settling the
principles of light and colours, and reducing
the coinage to a determined standard.
The inscription on the pedestal is in Latin,
short, but full of meaning, intimating, that
by a spirit nearly divine, he solved on principles
of his own, the motion and figure of
the planets, the paths of the comets, and
the ebbing and flowing of the sea; that he
discovered the dissimularity of the rays of
// 124.png
.pn +1
light, and the properties of colours from
thence arising, which none but himself
had ever dreamt of; that he was a diligent,
wise and faithful interpreter of nature, antiquity,
and the holy scriptures; that by his
philosophy he maintained the dignity of the
Supreme Being; and by the purity of his
life, the simplicity of the gospel; and it
concludes with a just exclamation, What
reason have mortals to pride themselves in
the existence of so great an ornament to the
human race! He was born Dec. 25, 1642,
and died in 1726.
So noble a monument erected to real
merit, is a greater honour to the nation than
to the great genius for whom it was raised;
in this light it is viewed by all Europe.
83. On the other side of the entrance
into the choir is another lofty and pompous
monument. This last was erected to the
memory of Earl Stanhope, who is also represented
leaning upon his arm in a recumbent
posture, holding in his right hand a General’s
staff, and in his left a parchment scroll.
Before him stands a cupid resting upon a
shield. Over a martial tent sits Minerva,
holding in her right hand a javelin, and in
the other a scroll. Behind is a slender pyramid.
On the middle of the pedestal are
// 125.png
.pn +1
two medalions, and on each side the pilasters
one. In short, under the principal
figure is a Latin inscription, displaying the
merits of this great man, as a soldier, a
statesman, and a senator: observing, that in
1707, he concluded an advantageous peace
with Spain; and the same year was sent
Embassador to Charles III. In 1708, he
took Port Mahon: In 1710, he forced his
way to the gates of Madrid, and took possession
of that capital: In 1715, being of
the Secret Committee, he impeached the
Duke of Ormond. In 1717 he was made
first Commissioner of the treasury, and
Chancellor of the exchequer; and in July
following was created a Peer. He died
in 1721, in the forty-seventh year of his
age.
84. Mr. Thynne’s monument has always
been esteemed a very fine one. That gentleman
is represented dying, and at his feet is
a boy weeping. Underneath on a table of
black marble in white letters is this short
inscription:
.pm letter-start
Thomas Thynne of Longleate in Com.
Wilts, Esq; who was barbarously murdered
on Sunday the 12th of February,
1682.
.pm letter-end
// 126.png
.pn +1
And upon the pedestal the story of his
murder is finely represented in relief.
This last observation makes it necessary
to give the particulars of this murder, which
we shall do from a very accurate, tho’ small
work, from which we have obtained considerable
assistance in the description of
many things relating to the Abbey. The
above murder was conspired by Count
Koningsmark, and executed by three assassins
hired for that purpose, who shot this
unhappy gentleman in Pall-Mall, in his
own coach. The motive was, to obtain
the rich heiress of Northumberland in marriage,
who in her infancy had been betrothed
to the Earl of Ogle, but left a widow
before consummation; and afterwards married
to Mr. Thynne; but being scarce fifteen,
and her mother extremely tender of
her, and at the same time desirous of her
having issue, prevailed upon her husband to
travel another year before he bedded her,
in which time she became acquainted with
Koningsmark at the Court of Hanover.
Whether she had ever given him any countenance
is uncertain; but having no grounds
to hope to obtain her while her husband
lived, he in this villainous manner accomplished
his death: the Lady, however, detested
// 127.png
.pn +1
this base and inhuman conduct, and
soon after married the great Duke of Somerset.—At
the time this happened, a report
was spread that Mr. Thynne had formerly
debauched a woman of family and character,
on honourable pretences; but upon
his uncle’s leaving him 10,000l. a year;
he basely deserted her; whence arose the
saying, that he had escaped his misfortune, if
he had either married the Lady he had lain
with, or lain with the Lady he had married.
But we do not pretend to insinuate that
there was any truth in this story. It may
probably be only a cruel piece of defamation.
Historical Description of Westminster Abbey.
85. The monument of Dame Grace
Gethin, is ornamented with a figure of a
Lady devoutly kneeling, with a book in
her right hand, and her left on her breast;
on each side is an angel, one holding over
her head a crown, and the other a chaplet;
and on the ascending sides of the pediment
are two female figures in a mournful posture.
It is adorned with three different
coats of family arms, and on the base is an
English inscription, which also lets us know
that she was married to Sir Richard Gethin
// 128.png
.pn +1
of Gethin Grott in Ireland; was famed for
her exemplary piety, and wrote a book of
devotions, which Mr. Congreve has complimented
with a poem. She died Oct. 11,
1697, aged twenty-one.
86. A monument erected to the memory
of two sisters, the daughters of Ralph Freke
of Hannington in Wilts, Esq; whose busts
in relief ornament the sides. The inscription
observes, that the eldest, named Elizabeth,
was married to Percey Freke of West
Bilney in Norfolk, and died on the 7th of
April 1714; that Judith the youngest married
Robert Austin of Tenterden in Kent,
and died May 19, 1716: and that they
were both the best of daughters, the best
of wives, and the best of mothers.
87. A large monument of black marble
erected to the memory of Sir Thomas
Richardson, Lord Chief Justice of England
in the reign of King Charles I. He died
in 1634, and his tomb is adorned with his
effigy in brass, lying in his robes, and his
collar of S S.
88. An ancient monument raised to the
memory of William Thynne of Botterville,
Esq.; it is of marble and alabaster gilt,
and is adorned with the statue of that
// 129.png
.pn +1
gentleman lying at full length. The inscription
informs us, that he was a polite
gentleman, a great traveller, and a brave
soldier, and that he died on the 14th of
March 1584.
89. A very handsome monument erected
for that learned grammarian Dr. Busby,
master of Westminster school; who is represented
in his gown, looking earnestly at
the inscription; holding in his right hand a
pen, and in his left a book open. Upon
the pedestal underneath are a variety of
books, and at the top is his family arms.
The inscription is a very elegant one, and
intimates whatsoever fame the school of
Westminster boasts, and whatever advantages
mankind shall reap from thence in future
times, are all principally owing to the
wise institutions of this gentleman, who
was born at Lutton in Lincolnshire, Sept.
22, 1606, and after being made Master of
Westminster college was elected Prebendary
of Westminster, and Treasurer of Wells. He
died April 5, 1695.
90. The next monument, is that erected to
the memory of Robert South, D.D. who
is represented in a recumbent posture in his
canonical habit, with his arm resting on a
cushion, and his right hand on a death’s
head. In his left he holds a book with his
// 130.png
.pn +1
finger between the leaves, as if just closed
from reading, and over his head is a group
of cherubs issuing from a mantling. This
monument is however very badly executed,
and the statue is clumsy and unmeaning.
It has a long Latin inscription, shewing that
this celebrated divine was scholar to Dr.
Busby, and student at Christ Church, Oxford;
that by the patronage of the Lord
Clarendon he was made Prebendary both of
Westminster and Christ Church, and afterwards
rector of Islip, where he rebuilt the
parsonage house, and founded and endowed
a school for the education of poor children.
He died on the 8th of July 1718, aged
eighty-two.
The Monuments in the Cloisters. The most
ancient of these are towards the east end
of the south walk, where lie the remains
of four Abbots marked in the pavement
by four stones.
The first of these covers the Abbot Vitales,
who died in 1082, and was formerly covered
with brass plates.
The second is of grey marble, to the
memory of Gislebertus Crispinus, who died
in 1114, and whose effigies may still be
traced on the stone.
Under the third, which is a raised stone
of Sussex marble, lies the Abbot Laurentius,
// 131.png
.pn +1
who died in 1176, and is said to be the first
who obtained from Pope Alexander III. the
privilege of using the mitre, ring and globe.
The last is of black marble, and covers
the ashes of Gervasius de Blois, who was
natural son to King Stephen, and died in
1166. This is called Long Meg, from its
extraordinary length, it being eleven feet
eight inches. All these seem to have had
their names and dates cut afresh.
In the east walk is a handsome monument
erected to the memory of Daniel Pulteney,
Esq; facing those of the above Abbots;
the inscription on which is much admired
for the purity of the diction, and
its propriety and elegance, and is as follows:
.pm epi-start
Reader,
If thou art a Briton,
Behold this tomb with reverence and regret.
Here lieth the remains of
Daniel Pulteney,
The kindest relation, the truest friend,
The warmest patriot, the worthiest man;
He exercised virtues in this age,
Sufficient to have distinguished him even in the best.
Sagacious by nature,
Industrious by habit,
Inquisitive with art,
He gain’d a compleat knowledge of the state of Britain,
Foreign and domestic.
// 132.png
.pn +1
In most the backward fruit of tedious experience,
In him the early acquisition of undissipated youth.
He served the court several years:
Abroad in the auspicious reign of Queen Anne,
At home, in the reign of that excellent Prince K. George the First.
He served his country always,
At court independent,
In the senate unbiass’d,
At every age, and in every station:
This was the bent of his generous soul,
This was the business of his laborious life.
Public men, and public things,
He judged by one constant standard,
The true interest of Britain;
He made no other distinction of party,
He abhorred all other:
Gentle, humane, disinterested, beneficent,
He created no enemies on his own account:
Firm, determined, inflexible,
He feared none he could create in the cause of Britain.
Reader,
In this misfortune of thy country, lament thy own:
For know
The loss of so much private virtue
Is a public calamity.
.pm epi-end
Almost at the end of the north east walk
is a monument against the Abbey wall to the
memory of the Rev. Mr. William Laurence,
// 133.png
.pn +1
// 134.png
.pn +1
// 135.png
.pn +1
the inscription on which is remarkable for
its quaintness, and is as follows:
.pm verse-start
With diligence and trust exemplary,
Did William Laurence serve a Prebendary;
And for his pains, now past, before not lost,
Gain’d this remembrance at his master’s cost.
O! read these lines again, you seldom find
A servant faithful, and his master kind.
Short-hand he wrote, his flower in prime did fade,
And hasty death short hand of him hath made.
Well couth he numbers, and well measur’d land,
Thus doth he now that ground whereon we stand,
Whereon he lies so geometrical,
Art maketh some, but thus will Nature all.
.rj
Ob. Dec. 28. 1621. Ætat. 29.
.pm verse-end
.if h
.il fn=i134.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. E. Rooker sc.
Henry the Seventh’s Chapel.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. E. Rooker sc.
Henry the Seventh’s Chapel.]
.sp 2
.if-
Henry the Seventh’s Chapel. As this is
a separate building from Westminster Abbey,
we did not think proper to confound
it with the other chapels; and as it is joined
to the Abbey, we did not chuse to render
it so distinct an article as it would have
been, had we given it the place it would
have demanded in the order of the alphabet.
It is to be examined at the same
time with that edifice, and we have followed
the example of the architect in uniting
them.
// 136.png
.pn +1
This chapel, which was founded by
Henry VII. in the year 1502, and the
succeeding years, is styled by Leland the
wonder of the world. It is situated to the
east of the Abbey, to which it is so neatly
joined, that on a superficial view it appears
to be one and the same building. It is
supported by fourteen Gothic buttresses,
all beautifully ornamented, and projecting
from the building in different angles, and
is enlightened by a double range of windows
that throw the light into such a
happy disposition as at once to please the
eye, and afford a kind of solemn gloom.
These buttresses extend up to the roof, and
are made to strengthen it by their being
crowned with Gothic arches. In these
buttresses are niches, in which formerly
stood a number of statues; but these being
greatly decayed, have been long taken
down.
This chapel is one of the most expensive
remains of the ancient English taste
and magnificence; there is no looking upon
it without admiration: yet, perhaps, its
beauty consists much more eminently in
the workmanship than the contrivance.
The plate shews the outside, where it joins
to the Abbey, and gives some idea of the
// 137.png
.pn +1
fine taste of Gothic architecture in that
age, which seems to have been its meridian;
but it soon fell into the bad taste practised
in the time of Queen Elizabeth, as may be
seen in the tomb of this Queen and her
predecessor in the side aisles of this chapel.
This may be sufficient for the outside of
this edifice, the entrance to which is from the
east end of the Abbey, by a flight of steps
of black marble, under a very noble arch,
that leads to the gates opening to the body
or nave of the chapel: for, like a cathedral
it is divided into a nave and side isles, to
which you may enter by a door on each
hand. The gates at the entrance of the
nave are of brass curiously wrought in the
manner of frame work, and have in every
other open pannel a rose and portcullis alternately.
Being entered, the eye is naturally directed
to the lofty ceiling, in the most admirable
manner wrought with such an
astonishing variety of figures as is impossible
to be described. The stalls on each side are
of oak, with Gothic canopies, most beautifully carved,
as are also the seats; and the
pavement is of black and white marble,
laid at the charge of Dr. Killigrew, once
Prebendary of this Abbey. The east view
// 138.png
.pn +1
from the entrance presents you with the
brass chapel and tomb of the founder,
which will be hereafter described, and
round it where the east end forms a semicircle,
are the chapels of the Dukes of
Buckingham and Richmond. At that end
the side isles open to the nave. It must
not be omitted, that the walls both of the
nave and the side isles are adorned with
the most curious imagery imaginable, and
contain an hundred and twenty statues of
patriarchs, saints, martyrs and confessors,
under which are angels supporting imperial
crowns, besides innumerable small ones,
all of them esteemed so curious, that the
best masters are said to have travelled from
abroad to copy them. The roof of the
side isles is flattish, and supported on arches
between the nave and side isles turning
upon twelve stately Gothic pillars, curiously
adorned with figures, fruitage and foliage.
The windows, besides a spacious one at
the east end, are thirteen on each side
above and as many below, and were formerly
painted, having in each pane a white
rose, the badge of the house of Lancaster, a
.if h
B
.if-
.if t
B
.if-
the initial letter of the founder’s name,
or portcullises crowned, the badge of the
Beaufort’s family, of which there are some
now remaining.
// 139.png
.pn +1
This chapel was originally designed as a
sepulchre appropriated solely to the use of
those of royal blood; and so far has the will
of the founder been observed, that none
have been yet interred there, but those of
high quality, whose descent may generally
be traced from some of our ancient Kings:
I shall therefore mention each of these
tombs, beginning with that which is the
most ancient, as well as the most astonishing.
It has been already observed, that in the
middle of the east end of the nave is situated
the magnificent tomb of Henry VII.
this is enclosed with a screen of cast brass,
most admirably designed, and executed;
this screen is nineteen feet in length, eleven
in breadth, and the same in height. It is
ornamented with statues, of which those only
of St. James, St. Bartholomew, St. George,
and St. Edward, are now remaining; and
also adorned with other devices alluding to
King Henry the Seventh’s family; as portcullises,
signifying his relation to the Beaufort’s
by his mother’s side; roses twisted
and crowned, in memory of the union of the
two houses of Lancaster and York, by his
marriage; and at each end a crown in a
bush, alluding to the crown of Richard III.
found in a hawthorn bush, near Bosworth
// 140.png
.pn +1
field, where the famous battle was fought
in which Richard lost his life. Within the
rails are the effigies of the royal pair, in
their robes of state, on a tomb of black
marble, the head whereof is supported by a
red dragon the ensign of Cadwalladar, from
whom King Henry VII. was fond of tracing
his descent, and the foot by an
angel.
At the head of this tomb lie the remains
of Edward VI. grandson to Henry VII.
who died in the sixteenth year of his age,
and the seventh of his reign. A fine monument
was erected to his memory by Queen
Mary, his sister and successor; it was adorned
with curious sculpture representing the
passion and resurrection of our Saviour;
with two angels on the top kneeling; and
the whole elegantly finished; but it was
afterwards demolished as a relict of Popish
superstition.
On one side of Henry the Seventh’s tomb
in a small chapel, in which is the monument
of Lewis Stuart Duke of Richmond,
and Frances his wife; whose statues in cast
brass are represented lying on a marble table
under a canopy of brass curiously wrought,
and supported by the figures of Faith, Hope,
Charity, and Prudence; and on the top is
// 141.png
.pn +1
a figure of Fame taking her flight, and
resting only on her toe.
On the north side of Henry the Seventh’s
tomb is a monument decorated with several
emblematical figures in brass gilt; the principal
is Neptune in a pensive posture with
his trident reversed, and Mars with his
head crushed; these support the tomb on
which lie the effigies of George Villars
Duke of Buckingham, the great favourite
of King James I. and King Charles I. who
fell a sacrifice to the national resentment
by the hand of Felton. His Grace married
Catharine, daughter to the Earl of Rutland,
who erected this monument to his
memory, and lies in effigy on the same
tomb by his side. The Latin inscription,
after recounting his noble qualities, and
high titles, alludes to the story of his
death.
Of a later date, and superior in point
of design and workmanship, is a noble
monument erected to the memory of John
Sheffield Duke of Buckingham, where his
Grace’s statue in a Roman habit, is laid in
a half raised posture on an altar of fine
marble: his Duchess is represented standing
at his feet weeping. On each side are
military trophies; and over all an admirable
// 142.png
.pn +1
figure of Time holding several medallions
representing the heads of their Graces
children. This monument is very justly
admired. It has been observed, that the
Duke himself appears the principal figure
in the group, and though he lies in a recumbent
posture, and his Lady is in the
most beautiful manner placed at his feet,
yet her figure is so characterized, as to be
only a guide to his, and both reflect back
a beauty on each other. The decorations
are allowed to be extremely picturesque
and elegant; the trophies at his head,
the figure of Time above, with the medallions
of his children, fill up all the spaces
with such propriety, that little could be
added, and nothing appears superfluous.
The inscription sets forth the Duke of Buckingham’s
posts, and his qualifications as a
good poet, and a fine writer; and over his
statue is inscribed in Latin sentences to the
following purpose:
.pm verse-start
I lived doubtful, not dissolute.
I die unresolved, not unresigned.
Ignorance and error are incident to human nature.
I trust in an Almighty and All-good God.
Thou King of Kings have mercy upon me.
.pm verse-end
// 143.png
.pn +1
And underneath:
.nf c
For my King often, for my Country always.
.nf-
.pm letter-start
His Grace died in the 57th year of his age, Feb. 24,
1720, leaving the publication of his works to the
care of Mr. Pope. He had three wives; the first,
Ursula, Countess of Coventry; the second, Catharine,
Countess of Gainsborough; the third, Catharine,
Countess of Anglesey.
.pm letter-end
In this isle there is a lofty pyramid supported
by two griffins of gilt brass, on a pedestal
of the most curious marble, erected
to the memory of Charles Montague,
Marquis of Halifax, son to George Montague
of Horton. He was placed at the
head of the treasury in the reign of King
Charles I. and undertaking the reformation
of the coin, which was then most infamously
clipped, he restored it to its proper
value. For this, and other public services,
he was first created Baron, and then Marquis
of Halifax.
Against the east wall at the end of the
north isle is a monument in the form of a
beautiful altar, raised by King Charles II. to
the memory of Edward V. and his brother
Richard, on which is an inscription in Latin,
to the following purport:
// 144.png
.pn +1
.pm letter-start
Here lie the reliques of Edward V. King of
England, and Richard Duke of York,
who, being confined in the Tower, and
there stifled with pillows, were privately
and meanly buried, by order of their
perfidious uncle Richard the Usurper.
Their bones, long enquired after and
wished for, after lying two hundred and
one years in the rubbish of the stairs,
lately leading to the chapel of the White
Tower, were on the 17th of July 1674,
by undoubted proofs discovered; being
buried deep in that place. Charles II.
pitying their unhappy fate, ordered these
unfortunate Princes to be laid amongst
the reliques of their predecessors, in the
year 1678, and the 20th of his reign.
.pm letter-end
At the east end of the same isle is a vault
in which are deposited the bodies of King
James I. and Anne his Queen, daughter
to Frederic II. King of Denmark.
Over this vault is a small tomb adorned
with the figure of a child, erected to the memory
of Mary the third daughter of James I.
who was born at Greenwich in 1605, and
died at two years old.
There is also another monument on
which is the representation of a child in a
cradle, erected to the memory of Sophia,
// 145.png
.pn +1
the fourth daughter of the same King, who
was born at Greenwich in 1606, and died
three days after.
In the same isle is a lofty monument
erected to the memory of Queen Elizabeth
by King James I. her successor. The inscription
represents her character, high descent,
and the memorable acts of her glorious
reign, “That she was the mother of
her country, and the patroness of religion
and learning; was herself skilled in
many languages, adorned with every excellence
of mind and person, and endowed
with princely virtues beyond her sex:
that in her reign religion was refined to
its original purity; peace was established;
money restored to its just value; domestic
insurrections quelled; France delivered
from intestine troubles; the Netherlands
supported; the Spanish Armada defeated;
Ireland, almost lost by the secret
contrivances of Spain, recovered; the
revenues of both universities improved
by a law of provisions; and, in short,
all England enriched. That she was a
most prudent Governess, forty-five years
a virtuous and triumphant Queen; truly
religious, and blest in all her great affairs;
and that after a calm and resigned death
// 146.png
.pn +1
in the 70th year of her age, she left
her mortal part to be deposited in this
church, which she established upon
a new footing, till by the word of Christ
she is called to immortality.” She died
March 24, 1602.
In the south isle is a lofty and pompous
tomb erected to the memory of Mary Queen
of Scots, the mother of King James I. who
flying into England from her rebellious
subjects, was taken prisoner, tried and condemned
for conspiring the death of Queen
Elizabeth, and on the 8th of February
1587, beheaded on a scaffold erected in
the hall of Fotheringhay Castle, in Northamptonshire.
She was afterwards pompously
interred by order of Queen Elizabeth,
in the cathedral church of Peterborough;
but upon the accession of her son to the
throne of England, he ordered her remains
to be removed from thence, and placed
near this monument.
Near the last monument is a tomb enclosed
with iron rails, on which lies a Lady
also finely robed, the effigies of Margaret
Douglas, daughter of Margaret Queen of
Scots by the Earl of Angus. Her son the
Lord Darnely, father to King James I. is
represented foremost on the tomb kneeling,
// 147.png
.pn +1
with the crown over his head, and there
are seven other of her children represented
round the tomb. This great Lady, though
she herself never sat on the throne, had,
according to the English inscription, King
Edward IV. to her great grandfather;
Henry VII. to her grandfather; Henry VIII.
to her uncle; Edward VI. to her cousin
german; James V. of Scotland to her brother;
Henry I. of Scotland to her son;
James VI. to her brother. Having to her
great grandmother and grandmother two
Queens, both named Elizabeth; to her
mother, Margaret Queen of Scots; to her
aunt, Mary the French Queen; to her cousins
german, Mary and Elizabeth Queens of
England; and to her niece and daughter-in-law,
Mary Queen of Scots. This great
Lady died March 10, 1577.
In the south side is likewise the monument
of Margaret Countess of Richmond,
mother to Henry VII. by her first husband
Henry Tudor. She was afterwards
married to Humphry Stafford, a younger
son to Humphry Duke of Buckingham,
and at last to Thomas Lord Stanley, Earl
of Derby; but by the two last had no
children. The inscription mentions the
charities of this humane and generous
// 148.png
.pn +1
Princess, particularly her founding two
colleges at Oxford, Christ Church and St.
John’s; and a grammar school at Winbourne.
She died in July 1509, in the
reign of her grandson Henry VIII.
At the east end of this isle is the royal
vault of King Charles II., King William III.,
Queen Mary his Consort, Queen Anne, and
Prince George.
Over these royal Personages are their
effigies (except that of Prince George) in
wainscot presses; they are of wax work
resembling life, and dressed in their coronation
robes.
Another wainscot press is placed at the
corner of the great east window, in which
is the effigy of the Lady Mary Duchess of
Richmond, daughter to James Duke of
Richmond and Lenox, dressed in the very
robes her Grace wore at the coronation of
Queen Anne.
On leaving this isle you will be shewn
in another wainscot press the effigies of
General Monk, who had a great share in
the restoration of King Charles II. to
the throne of England, and was interred in
a vault appropriated to him and his family.
He is represented in armour, and his ducal
cap is generally made use of by those who
// 149.png
.pn +1
shew this chapel, to receive the bounty of
those who visit it; these persons having
no share of the money paid for seeing it.
Thus have we given a description of
every thing remarkable in the Abbey, and
that venerable pile adjoining to it, called
Henry the Seventh’s chapel; we have mentioned
and described the monuments in both
that are worthy of notice, and we shall conclude
this article with the following reflections,
extracted from an ingenious writer,
on this subject.
.pm letter-start
“However amiable fame may be to the
living, ’tis certain no advantage to the
dead, whatever dangers they have dared,
whatever toils they have undergone,
whatever difficulties they have surmounted;
the grave is deaf to the voice
of applause, and the dust of the noble and
vulgar sleep in the same obscurity together.
’Tis possible the conscious spirit
may have an idea of the honour that is
paid to his ashes; but ’tis much more
probable, that the prospect of this imaginary
glory, while he lived among us,
was all the pleasure it ever could afford
him. I make this observation, because
most monuments are said to be erected
as an honour to the dead, and the living
are supposed to be the least concerned in
// 150.png
.pn +1
them: but one man’s fame is made the
foundation of another’s, in the same manner
with the gentleman’s, who ordered
this sentence to be made his epitaph;
Here lies Sir Philip Sidney’s
friend. Some there are that mention
only the names of the persons whose
dust they cover, and preserve a noble silence
with regard to the hand that raised
them; but even here, the dead can receive
no benefit from such disinterested
affection; but the living may profit much
by so noble an example. Another thing
that displeases me is the manner of the
inscriptions, which frequently mistake
the very design of engraving them, and
as frequently give the lie to themselves.
To pore one’s self blind in guessing out
Æternæ Memoriæ Sacrum, is a jest, that
would make Heraclitus laugh; and yet
most of them begin in that pompous
taste, without the least reflection that
brass and marble can’t preserve them from
the tooth of Time; and if men’s actions
have not guarded their reputations, the
proudest monument would flatter in vain.
Sepulchral monuments should be always
considered as the last public tribute paid
to virtue; as a proof of our regard for
// 151.png
.pn +1
noble characters, and most particularly
as an excitement to others to emulate the
great example.
“It is certain there is not a nobler amusement,
than a walk in Westminster
Abbey, among the tombs of heroes,
patriots, poets, and philosophers; you are
surrounded with the shades of your great
forefathers; you feel the influence of
their venerable society, and grow fond of
fame and virtue in the contemplation:
’tis the finest school of morality, and the
most beautiful flatterer of imagination in
nature. I appeal to any man’s mind that
has any taste for what is sublime and
noble, for a witness to the pleasure he
experiences on this occasion; and I dare
believe he will acknowledge, that there is
no entertainment so various, or so instructive.
For my own part, I have
spent many an hour of pleasing melancholy
in its venerable walks; and have
been more delighted with the solemn
conversation of the dead, than the most
sprightly sallies of the living. I have
examined the characters that were inscribed
before me, and distinguished
every particular virtue. The monuments
of real fame, I have viewed with real
// 152.png
.pn +1
respect; but the piles that wanted a
character to excuse them, I considered
as the monuments of folly. I have wandered
with pleasure into the most gloomy
recesses of this last resort of grandeur, to
contemplate human life, and trace mankind
thro’ all the wilderness of their
frailties and misfortunes, from their cradles
to their grave. I have reflected on the
shortness of our duration here, and that
I was but one of the millions who had
been employed in the same manner, in
ruminating on the trophies of mortality
before me; that I must moulder to dust
in the same manner, and quit the scene
to a new generation, without leaving
the shadow of my existence behind me;
that this huge fabric, this sacred repository
of fame and grandeur, would only
be the stage for the same performances;
would receive new accessions of noble
dust; would be adorned with other sepulchres
of cost and magnificence; would
be crouded with successive admirers; and
at last, by the unavoidable decays of time,
bury the whole collection of antiquities
in general obscurity, and be the monument
of its own ruin.”
.pm letter-end
// 153.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Abbots Langley, a village in Hertfordshire,
situated to the east of Kings Langley,
and three or four miles to the S. W. of
St. Alban’s, to whose abbey it once belonged.
It is famous for being the birth
place of Nicholas Breakspeare, who was
made Pope by the title of Adrian IV. and
had his stirrup held by the Emperor Frederic
while he dismounted: but notwithstanding
his pride, it is a still more indelible
stain to his memory, that when Sovereign
Pontiff, he suffer’d his mother to
be maintained by the alms of the church
of Canterbury. This place gives the title
of Baron to the Lord Raymond, who has
a seat in this neighbourhood.
.pm d1
Abbs Court, in the parish of Walton upon
Thames in Surrey. The Lord of this
Manor, which is also called Aps, used
formerly upon All-Saints Day to give a
barrel of beer, and a quarter of corn baked
into loaves, to as many poor as came.
This charity was begun in the days of
Popery, in order, as ’tis supposed, to encourage
the prayers for deliverance of
souls out of purgatory.
.pm d1
Abchurch lane, 1. Gracechurch street.☐
2. Lombard street.☐ See St. Mary Abchurch.
// 154.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Abel court, Rosemary lane.
.pm d1
Abel’s buildings, Rosemary lane.†
.pm d1
Abingdon buildings, Old Palace yard.
.pm d1
Abingdon street, near Old Palace yard.
.pm d1
Academy court, Chancery lane.
.pm d1
Acorn alley, Bishopsgate street, without.*
.pm d1
Acorn court, Bishopsgate street, without.*
.pm d1
Acton (East) a village six miles from
London, a little to the north of the Oxford
Road, noted for the medicinal wells
near it, which are frequented in the summer
months.
.pm d1
Acton (West) a village in the road to Oxford,
situated seven miles from London.
.pm d1
Adam-a-digging yard, Peter street, Westminster.*
.pm d1
Adam and Eve alley, 1. Barnaby street.*
2. by West Smithfield.*
.pm d1
Adam and Eve court, 1. Oxford street.* 2.
Tottenham court road.* 3. West Smithfield.*
4. Hatchet alley, Whitechapel.
5. Petticoat lane.*
.pm d1
Adam and Eve yard, 1. Homerton.* 2.
Ratcliff highway.*
.pm d1
Adam’s court, 1. Little Broad street.† 2.
Pig street.† 3. Sharp’s buildings, Duke’s place.†
4. Near Swan’s close.†
.pm d1
Adam’s mews, 1. Audley street.† 2.
Charles street near Mount street.†
// 155.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Adam’s yard, Hockley in the Hole. †
.pm d1
Addington, a village in Surrey, three miles
from Croydon, situated at the descent
of a high spacious common to which it
gives name. Its church, though said to
be above 300 years old, is still very firm.
But what is most remarkable, is, that the
Lord of the Manor held it in the reign of
Henry III. by the service of making his
Majesty a mess of pottage in an earthen
pot in the King’s kitchen at his coronation;
and so late as the coronation of
King Charles II. Thomas Leigh, Esq;
then Lord of the Manor, made a mess according
to his tenure, and brought it to
his Majesty’s table, when that King accepted
of his service, though he did not
taste what he had prepared.
.pm d1
Addison’s yard, Peter street, Westminster. †
.pm d1
Addle hill, Great Carter lane, Thames
street.
.pm d1
Addle street, Wood street, Cheapside.
.pm d1
Admiralty court. This court, which is
held in Doctors Commons, was formerly
under the direction of the Lord High Admiral,
as it is now under the Lords of the
Admiralty, who here take cognisance of
all causes relating to merchants and mariners.
// 156.png
.pn +1
The proceedings are in the Civil
Law. The plaintiff gives security to prosecute,
and if cast, to pay what shall be adjudged,
and likewise to stand to all his
proctor shall transact in his name. But
in criminal cases, as the trial of pirates,
and crimes committed at sea, the process,
by a special commission, is by a judge,
jury and witnesses, a Judge of the Common
Law assisting: on which occasion the
court is commonly held at the Session-house
in the Old Bailey. The officers of
this court are the Judge of the Admiralty,
who must be a Civilian, an Advocate and
Proctor, a Register, and a Marshal, who
carries a silver oar before the Judge.
.if h
.il fn=i157.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
Admiralty
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
Admiralty]
.sp 2
.if-
.pm d1
Admiralty office, an edifice built with
brick and stone, on the west side of the
street, opposite to Scotland yard. The
east front, which is that represented in the
print, has two deep wings, and is entered
by a very lofty portico supported by four
very large stone columns of the Ionic Order,
to which there is an ascent by a few
steps.
The importance of this building is what
recommends it to notice. The portico,
which was intended as an ornament, rather
disgusts than pleases, by the immoderate
// 157.png
.pn +1
// 158.png
.pn +1
// 159.png
.pn +1
height and ill shape of the columns.
In this office are transacted all martime
affairs belonging to the jurisdiction of the
Admiralty, who here regulate the affairs
of the navy; nominate Admirals, Captains,
and other officers to serve on board
his Majesty’s ships of war, and give orders
for the trial of those who have failed in
their duty, or been guilty of other irregularities.
.pm d1
Admiralty office yard, Whitehall.☐
.pm d1
Adscomb, in Surrey near Croydon, is the
seat of William Draper, Esq; the paintings
and furniture of which are fine.
.pm d1
Advocates of Doctors Commons. See Doctors
Commons.
.pm d1
Affidavit office, in Symond’s inn. This
office belongs to the Masters in Chancery,
where one or more of them constantly attend
to take affidavits, and there all affidavits
belonging to the Court of Chancery
are filed.
.pm d1
African Company. The English first
sent ships to Africa on account of commerce
about the year 1553, from which
time the trade to that country was carried
on by private hands till 1588, when Queen
Elizabeth, by her letters patent, erected a
company, for the more effectual promoting
// 160.png
.pn +1
of that trade, which then was only for
gold, elephants teeth, and Guinea pepper;
for the use of negroes was not yet introduced
into America.
This company was greatly encouraged
during the reigns of James I. and Charles I.
but the Dutch taking several forts on
the coast of Africa from the Portuguese,
committed great depredations on the English,
upon which Charles II. the better
to enable his subjects to carry on that
trade, incorporated a body of merchants,
in the year 1662, by the title of The
Company of Royal Adventurers of England
to Africa: but the subscriptions for carrying
on this precarious commerce not answering the
expectation of the incorporated
merchants, they were soon involved in
debt, and reduced to such difficulties as
rendered them unable to continue their
trade to advantage; wherefore they agreed
for a certain sum, to surrender their
charter to the crown, and to assign all
their estates and effects both at home and
abroad to certain merchants, who intended
to erect a new company, for the more effectual
carrying on a trade to Africa:
these merchants the King incorporated in
the year 1672, and these were the Royal
// 161.png
.pn +1
African company, who had a power to
trade from the port of Sallee, to the Cape
of Good Hope, exclusive of all the King’s
other subjects, during the term of a thousand
years.
By virtue of this royal grant, the
company made a considerable progress in
erecting forts, and settling factors: but
their trade being laid open by parliament
in the year 1697, they were rendered unable
to support their forts, it was therefore
enacted, that all private traders to
Africa should pay ten per cent. to the
company for that purpose.
This duty did not however answer the
end for which it was granted, and the
company was obliged to apply to parliament
in the year 1730 for relief, when
they obtained a certain sum for that purpose,
and it was enacted that all his Majesty’s
subjects treading to and from Africa,
between Cape Blanco and the Cape
of Good Hope, should hereafter be deemed
a body corporate, and that all the countries,
islands, rivers and places, together
with the forts, should be in the possession
of this new company; the members
of which should not trade to or from
Africa in their joint capacity, have any
// 162.png
.pn +1
joint or transferable stock, or borrow
money on their common seal. That the
persons trading or intending to trade to
Africa, should pay to the Chamberlain
of London, the Clerk of the Merchants-hall
in Bristol, or the Town Clerk of Liverpool,
40s. each for the freedom of the new
company. That the management of the
affairs of this new company, should be
under the direction of a committee of
nine persons, to be chosen annually, three
out of the members in the city of London,
three out of those of Bristol, and
three out of those of Liverpool. That
this committee should have power to
make orders for the government and improvement
of the forts and factories; to
appoint governors, and other officers civil
and military; to receive annually the
sum of 40s. and to take a list of the names
of all the persons making payment.
It is also enacted, that the committee
shall once a year give an account of all
their transactions to the Commissioners for
trade and plantations, and likewise lay
before the Cursitor Baron of the Exchequer,
an account, upon oath, of all the money
they have received within the preceding
year, and the application thereof;
// 163.png
.pn +1
and the Lords of the Admiralty are to
give instructions to the Captains of such
of his Majesty’s ships of war as shall
be stationed or ordered to cruize within
the above limits, to inspect, and make
report to them from time to time of
the state of the forts and settlements,
copies of which are to be laid before
the parliament every sessions.
This is the state at present of this
company, who keep their office in
Cooper’s court, Cornhill.
.pm d1
Agnes court, Little George street.
.pm d1
St. Agnes le Clare fields, near Hoxton,
so called from a spring of water dedicated
to that Saint, and now converted into a
cold bath.
.pm d1
Ailsbury court, George street.
.pm d1
Ailsbury street, 1. By Jermyn street.
2. St. John’s street, Clerkenwell green.
.pm d1
Ainger street, York street.†
.pm d1
Air street, 1. Piccadilly.† 2. By Mary la
bone.† 3. Leather lane.†
.pm d1
Akersley yard, Great St. Anne’s street.†
.pm d1
Alam yard, Crutched Friars.
.pm d1
St. Alban’s, a large and very ancient
town in Hertfordshire, 21 miles from
London, was so called from St. Alban,
who suffered in the persecution under
// 164.png
.pn +1
Dioclesian, and being afterwards canonized,
and interred on a hill in the neighbourhood
of this town, a monastery was
erected and dedicated to him by King
Offa. King Edward I. erected a magnificent
cross in memory of Queen Eleanor;
and King Edward VI. incorporated this
town by a charter, granting the inhabitants
a Mayor, a Steward, a Chamberlain,
and ten Burgesses: but the Mayor and
Steward are here the only Justices of peace.
Here are three churches, besides the ancient
cathedral called St. Alban’s, belonging
to the monastery, which is now a
parish church.
In this ancient edifice is a funeral
monument and effigies of King Offa, its
founder, who is represented seated on his
throne; and underneath is the following
inscription:
.pm verse-start
Fundator Ecclesiæ circa annum 793.
Quem male depictum, et residentem cernitis alte
Sublimem solio, Mercius Offa fuit.
.pm verse-end
.nf c
That is,
.nf-
.pm verse-start
The founder of the church, about the year 793.
Whom you behold ill-painted on his throne
Sublime, was once for Mercian Offa known.
.pm verse-end
// 165.png
.pn +1
On the east side stood the shrine of St.
Alban, where the following short inscription
is still to be seen;
.pm letter-start
S. Albanus Verolamensis, Anglorum
Protomartyr, 17 Junii 293.
.pm letter-end
In the south isle near the above shrine
is the monument of Humphry, brother
to King Henry V. commonly distinguished
by the title of the Good Duke of
Gloucester. It is adorned with a ducal
coronet, and the arms of France and
England quartered. In niches on one side
are seventeen Kings; but in the niches
on the other side there are no statues
remaining. The inscription, which alludes
to the pretended miraculous cure
of a blind man detected by the Duke, is
as follows:
.pm verse-start
Piæ Memoriæ V. Opt. Sacrum.
Hic jacet Humphredus, Dux ille Glocestrius olim,
Henrici Sexti protector, fraudis ineptæ
Detector, dum ficta notat miracula cœci.
Lumen erat patriæ, columen venerabile regni,
Pacis amans, Musisque favens melioribus; unde
Gratum opus Oxonio, quæ nunc schola sacra refulget.
Invida sed mulier regno, regi, sibi nequam,
Abstulit hunc, humili vix hoc dignata sepulcro.
Invidia rumpente tamen, post funera vivit.
.pm verse-end
// 166.png
.pn +1
Which has been thus translated:
.pm verse-start
Sacred to the memory of the best of men.
Interr’d within this consecrated ground,
Lies he, whom Henry his protector found:
Good Humphry, Gloc’ster’s Duke, who well could spy
Fraud couch’d within the blind impostor’s eye.
His country’s light, the state’s rever’d support,
Who peace and rising learning deigned to court;
Whence his rich library at Oxford plac’d,
Her ample schools with sacred influence grac’d:
Yet fell beneath an envious woman’s wile,
Both to herself, her King, and country vile;
Who scarce allowed his bones this spot of land:
Yet spite of envy shall his glory stand.
.pm verse-end
About 40 years ago in digging a
grave, a pair of stairs were discovered that
lead down into a vault where his leaden
coffin was found, in which his body was
preserved entire, by a kind of pickle in
which it lay, only the flesh was wasted
from the legs, the pickle at that end
being dried up. Many curious medals
and coins are to be seen in the church,
that have been dug out of the ruins
of Old Verulam that stood on the other
side of the river Ver, or Moore, which
runs south west of the town.
// 167.png
.pn +1
Near St. Alban’s is a fort, at a place
called by the common people the Oyster
Hills, which is supposed to have been the
camp of Ostorius, the Roman Proprætor.
This town is the largest in the county,
and besides the four churches, has several
meeting-houses, two charity schools, and
three fairs, and has on Saturday one of the
best markets for wheat in England. It
gives the title of Duke to the noble family
of Beauclerc. The great John Duke
of Marlborough erected a seat here, called
Holloway-house, and several neat
alms-houses have been built here by him
and his Duchess.
.pm d1
St. Alban’s, Wood street, on the north
side of London, and the east side of
Wood street, Cheapside, is dedicated
to St. Alban, the British Proto-Martyr,
who suffered under the persecution
of Dioclesian. The first church in
this place was erected in the year 930,
and dedicated to the same Saint. After
various repairs, the old church was pulled
down in 1634, and another erected,
which was destroyed by the fire of London
thirty-two years after, when the
present edifice was built from the same
model as the former. It is entirely in
// 168.png
.pn +1
the Gothic stile, and consists of a spacious
body, and a handsome tower with
pinacles.
This church is a rectory in the patronage
of Eton College, and the parish of
St. Olave, Silver street, is united to it.
The Rector, besides other advantages,
receives 170l. in lieu of tithes.
Munday in his edition of Stow mentions
several uncommon epitaphs in this
church, from which we have only selected
the following:
.pm verse-start
Hic jacet Tom Shorthose,
Sine tombe, sine sheet, sine riches,
Qui vixit sine gowne,
Sine cloake, sine shirt, sine breeches.
.pm verse-end
.pm d1
St. Alban’s street, Pall-mall.
.pm d1
Albemarle buildings, Bond street, so
called from the Duke of Albemarle, who
bought the Earl of Clarendon’s seat,
which stood here, and afterwards selling
the house and gardens, they were
laid out into streets, whence arose this
and the two following streets.
.pm d1
Albemarle mews, Dover street.
.pm d1
Albemarle street. 1. Piccadilly, 2. St.
John’s street, West Smithfield.†
// 169.png
.pn +1
In the possession of Richard Mead, Esq;
in Albemarle street, is a book bought out
of the collection of the famous Cardinal
Maximi at Rome; it contain 148 accurate
and elegant paintings in water
colours, done from ancient pictures found
on the walls, ceilings and floors of the
baths of Titus, and various other buildings
in Rome, some of which have been engraved
by Bartoli in his Sepolchri di Nassoni,
and in other books: but many of
them are to be seen no where else, neither
engraved, nor on the walls from whence
they were first copied, where they are
much defaced by the weather, the smoke
of torches, and other accidents.
Of these ancient paintings on wall,
Mr. Mead has also a very elegant little
specimen representing Augustus restoring
a crown to a conquered Prince in the
presence of several of his courtiers, among
which the faces of Mecænas and
Horace may be distinguished.—This
has been engraved and explained by
Turnbull.
An ancient Greek inscription, being
eight lines of Hexameter and Pentameter
verses on a marble brought from Asia,
which had been a pedestal to a statue of
// 170.png
.pn +1
Jupiter Urius. This has been engraved
and explained by the learned Mr. Chishul
in his Antiquitates Asiaticæ.
.pm d1
Alcock’s rents, Barnaby street.†
.pm d1
Aldermanbury, Cateaton street. This
street was thus named from the Guildhall
being anciently situated there, till
falling to decay, the present hall was built
at the end of King street, about the year
1420. The old hall must have been
very ancient, as this street had the name
of Aldermanbury so early as before the
year 1189; and Mr. Maitland supposes
that Edward the Confessor, who began
his reign in 1042, had a considerable
share in its first foundation.
.pm d1
Aldermanbury Postern, London wall.
.pm d1
Alderman Parsons’s stairs, St. Catharine’s.†
.pm d1
Alderman’s walk, Bishopsgate street.
.pm d1
Aldermen. These are twenty-six in
number, and each has his separate ward,
to the government of which he is more
immediately to attend. Those who
have served the office of Lord Mayor, are
said to be above the chair, and with three
of the eldest that are next it, are justices
of the peace by charter. All the Aldermen
keep their wardmote for chusing
// 171.png
.pn +1
ward officers, and settling the affairs of
the ward; for redressing grievances, and
presenting all defaults found in the ward.
In the management of these affairs, every
Alderman has his deputy, chosen out of
the common council, and in some of the
wards, that are very large, the Alderman
has two deputies.
.pm d1
Aldersgate, which is situated 1265
feet south west of Cripplegate, is, in
Stow’s opinion, one of the original
gates of the city; but this is disputed by
Maitland, who observes, that the epithet
of Alder does not necessarily imply its
antiquity, as some derive the name of
the gate from Aldrich, a Saxon; others
from the seniors or old men by whom it
was built; and others from the great
number of alder trees, which grew in
that neighbourhood; whence he imagines
that either of these opinions is
more probable, than that this name was
conferred upon it on account of its age,
particularly as it is no where found to be
mentioned before the conquest.
The present gate was built in the year
1616, and being much damaged by the
fire of London, was repaired in 1670.
In a large square over the arch is King
James I. on horseback, in the same posture
// 172.png
.pn +1
as when he made his entry through
this gate, on his coming to take possession
of the crown. The arms of
England, Scotland, and Ireland, are quartered
above his head. In a nich on the
east side is the prophet Jeremiah, with
the words of the 25th verse of the 17th
chapter of his book; and in a nich on
the west side stands the prophet Samuel,
with the first verse of the 12th chap. of
1 Sam. On the south side is King
James I. in his royal robes, sitting in a
chair of state, done in relief. By the
sides of the gate there are two posterns
for the convenience of foot passengers:
and the apartments above are appropriated
to the use of the common crier of the city.
A late author observes, that this gate
is so heavy and Gothic a structure, that
it hardly deserves notice, unless for the
sake of the bass relief of King James,
which, though in an aukward and inelegant
taste, is a very tolerable piece of
workmanship, and may challenge some
applause.
.pm d1
Aldersgate bars, in Goswell street, a little
beyond the north end of Aldersgate
street, where the liberties of the city end
on that side.
// 173.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Aldersgate street, extends from the gate
to the corner of Barbican.
.pm d1
Aldersgate Ward, is of considerable
extent both within and without the gate
from which it is named, and extends in
length from Blowbladder street to Aldersgate
bars, including part of Noble street,
almost all Foster lane, St. Martin’s le Grand,
Bull and Mouth street, Little
Britain, and Aldersgate street. The
principal buildings are two churches, St.
Botolph’s and St. Ann’s, Goldsmiths-hall,
Cooks-hall, Coachmakers-hall,
Shaftsbury house, a noble building now
used for the London lying-in hospital,
and London-house. This ward
is governed by an Alderman, two Deputies,
and eight Common Council Men;
eight constables, nine scavengers, nineteen
wardmote inquest men and a beadle.
The jurymen returned by the wardmote
inquest serve in the several courts in
Guildhall in the month of August.
.pm d1
Aldgate, was one of the four original
gates of the city, and that through
which the Roman vicinal way led to the
trajectus or ferry at Old Ford. Stow
says, that it received its name from its
antiquity, which Maitland observes is
// 174.png
.pn +1
very improbable, though he allows that
the Saxons might give it the epithet of
Eald or Ald, from the ruinous condition
in which they found it when they first
possessed themselves of this city. However,
the first time it is found mentioned,
is in a charter granted by King Edgar
about the year 967.
Aldgate being very ruinous, was pulled
down in the year 1606, and the first stone
of the present edifice was laid the next
year; but this work was not finished till
1609. It is observable that in digging
the foundation, several Roman coins
were discovered, two of which Mr. Bond
the surveyor caused to be cut on stone,
and placed on each side of the east front.
On the same side was placed in a large
square the statue of King James I. in gilt
armour, with a golden lion and a chained
unicorn couchant at his feet. On the top
of the gate was a vane supported by a
gilt sphere, on each side of which stood
a soldier holding a bullet in his hand, on
the top of the upper battlements. On
the west side was a figure of Fortune gilt,
and standing on a globe, with a prosperous
sail spreading over her head; under
which was carved the King’s arms; some what
// 175.png
.pn +1
lower on the south side stood Peace
with a dove perched on her hand, and a
gilded wreath in the other; and on the
north side was the emblem of Charity.
Over the arch of the gate was also engraven,
.sp 2
.pm epi-start
Senatus Populusque Londinensis
Fecit 1609
Humfrey Weld, Maior.
.pm epi-end
.sp 2
But all these statues have been removed,
and none of these ornaments remain, except
the representation of the two Roman
coins, and the inscription.
The apartments over this gate are appropriated
to the use of one of the Lord
Mayor’s carvers.
.pm d1
Aldgate high street, extends from Aldgate
to Leadenhall street.
.pm d1
Aldgate street, extends without Aldgate,
to the north east corner of the Minories.
.pm d1
Aldgate Ward, is bounded on the east
by Portsoken ward; on the south by
Tower street ward; and on the west and
north, by the wards of Langbourn, Lime
street and Bishopsgate. It extends from
Aldgate to Lime street corner in Leadenhall
street, and takes in all the streets
// 176.png
.pn +1
and lanes on the one hand to Bevis
Mark and Shoemaker row, and on the
other to Ironmongers hall in Fenchurch
street; to the navy office, only a part
of which is in this ward, and to the end
of River street Tower hill; including
Poor Jury lane, Crutched Friars, London
street, Woodroff lane, &c. The
principal buildings are these four parish
churches, St. Catharine Cree church,
St. Andrew Undershaft, St. James
Duke’s place, and St. Catharine Coleman;
three Jews Synagogues, and the
Ironmongers, Fletchers and Bricklayers
halls. It is under the government of
an Alderman and six Common Council
men, one of whom is the Alderman’s
deputy, with six constables, nine scavengers,
eighteen wardmote inquest men,
and a beadle. The jurymen returned by
the wardmote inquest, serve as jurors in
the several courts of Guildhall in the
month of January. Maitland.
.pm d1
Alexander’s yard, Water lane, Fleet
street.†
.pm d1
Alienation office in the Inner Temple,
is one of the offices under the Lord
Chancellor. Here all writs of covenants
and entry upon which fines are levied,
// 177.png
.pn +1
and recoveries suffered, are carried to
have fines for alienation, set and paid
thereupon. This office is executed by
three commissioners. Chamberlain’s Present
State.
.pm d1
Allard’s hill, Rotherhith wall.†
.pm d1
Allen’s street, Goswell street.†
.pm d1
Allen’s court, 1. Leadenhall street.† 2.
Oxford street.†
.pm d1
Allen’s rents, Houndsditch, Bishopsgate
street without.†
.pm d1
Alleyn’s College at Dulwich. See
Dulwich college.
Alleyn’s Almshouse in Lamb alley in
Bishopsgate street. This charitable
foundation, was erected in Petty France
by Edward Alleyn, a comedian, about
the year 1614, and from thence removed
to the above place upon the rebuilding
of Petty France, now called
New Broad street. Ten poor men and
women are, besides their lodging, allowed
about 40s. per annum, and every other
year the men have coats and breeches,
and the women gowns and petticoats.
Maitland.
.pm d1
Alleyn’s Almshouse, in Pesthouse lane
near Old street, was founded by the
above Edward Alleyn, about the year
// 178.png
.pn +1
1616, for ten poor men and women;
who receive 6d. per week each, and every
other year coats and gowns.
.pm d1
Alleyn’s Almshouse in Soap yard, Deadman’s
Place in Southwark, was also
founded by the above Edward Alleyn,
about the year 1616, for ten poor men
and women, with an allowance of only
6d. per week.
.pm d1
Allhallows Barking church, at the east
end of Tower street, is so denominated
from its being dedicated to all the Saints,
vulgarly called Allhallows; and its
anciently belonging to the Abbess and
Convent of Barking in Essex. It escaped
the fire in 1666, and carries about
it the marks of that period when architecture
was not well understood in England.
The church is of considerable
extent, and the steeple is a plain tower
with its turret. It is a vicarage in the
patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Vicar, besides other advantages,
receives about 126l. a year in
tithes.
.pm d1
Allhallows Bread street. The old church
was destroyed by the dreadful conflagration
which laid most of the other
churches in ruins; and the present edifice
// 179.png
.pn +1
was erected in 1684. It consists of a plain
body, and a square tower divided into
four stages with arches near the top. It
is a rectory, and one of the thirteen peculiars
in this city belonging to the Archbishop
of Canterbury.
The advowson of this church is in
the Archbishop of Canterbury, and to
this parish that of St. John the Evangelist
is united. The Vicar, besides glebes, casualties,
annual donations, and other
advantages, receives 1401. a year in lieu
of tithes. Maitland.
The following monumental inscripton
in this church is worthy of a place in
this work. It is to the memory of Humfrey
Levins, a citizen and grocer of London,
who died in 1682, in the fifty-third
year of his age, and his son Humfrey,
a youth aged fourteen, who died
in 1677, and lies buried in the same
grave.
.pm verse-start
Which shall we weep? both merit tears; yet sure
Tears are but vain, where bliss is so secure.
Which shall we praise? our eulogy can’t add
Unto the bless’d, who God’s kind euge had.
Our duty’s but to imitate and admire
This happy pair of the celestial choir.
.pm verse-end
// 180.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Allhallows the Great, situated on the
south side of Thames street, was anciently
denominated Allhallows the More, and
Allhallows ad Fœnum in the Ropery,
from its vicinity to a hay-wharf or market,
and situation among ropemakers.
The old church with a large cloister on
the south side, were consumed in the general
conflagration in 1666, and the
present edifice arose in 1683. It was
built on Sir Christopher Wren’s plan;
but in some parts the mason has taken
inexcusable liberties. The church is 87
feet in length, 60 in breadth, and the
height to the roof is 33. It is built of
stone, and there runs thro’ the whole, an
apparent strength and solidity. The walls
are plain and massy, the ornaments are
few and simple, and the apertures, tho’
large, in order to enlighten so considerable
a breadth, are not numerous. The
tower is plain, square, and divided into
five stages, but terminates absolutely
square and plain, without spire, turret
or pinacles. The cornice is supported by
scrolls, and over these rises a balustrade
of solid construction, very proper for the
rest of the building. Maitland, and
English Architecture.
// 181.png
.pn +1
Among the funeral monuments in
this church, before its being burnt, was
one in memory of Queen Elizabeth, with
the following inscriptions:
.pm verse-start
If royal virtues ever crown’d a crown;
If ever mildness shin’d in majesty;
If ever honour honour’d true renown;
If ever courage dwelt with clemency;
If ever Princess put all Princes down,
For temperance, prowess, prudence, equity;
This, this was she, that in despight of death
Lives still admir’d, ador’d Elizabeth.
Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all.
.pm verse-end
In the figure of a book above her picture;
.pm verse-start
They that trust in the Lord shall be as Mount Sion, which shall not be removed.
.pm verse-end
On the right side;
.pm verse-start
Spain’s rod, Rome’s ruin, the Netherlands relief,
Heaven’s gem, earth’s joy, world’s wonder, nation’s chief.
.pm verse-end
On the left side;
.pm verse-start
Britain’s blessing, England’s splendor,
Religion’s nurse, and Faith’s defender.
.pm verse-end
And beneath;
.pm verse-start
I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, &c.
Queen Elizabeth died the 24th of March, 1602.
.pm verse-end
// 182.png
.pn +1
This church is a rectory, and one of
the thirteen peculiars belonging to the
Archbishop of Canterbury; and to this
parish that of Allhallows the Less is annexed,
by which the profits of the Rector
are greatly increased. He receives,
besides glebes, &c. 200l. per annum in
lieu of tithes.
.pm d1
Allhallows Honey lane, a small church,
which stood where the east end of
Honey lane market is at present situated;
but being destroyed by the fire of London
in 1666, the parish was by act
of parliament united to the church of St.
Mary le Bow.
.pm d1
Allhallows the Less, stood on the south
side of Thames street, almost adjoining
to that of Allhallows the Great; but
having suffered in the common calamity
in 1666, the parish was united to that
of Allhallows the Great.
.pm d1
Allhallows Lombard street, situated in
Bell alley, near the north corner of
Lombard street, in Langbourn ward. A
church stood here under the same patronage,
before the year 1053; but the
present plain, well-proportioned building,
was erected in the room of that destroyed
by the fire of London. The body is
// 183.png
.pn +1
enlightened by a single series of large
windows, and the tower is terminated
by a plain battlement.
This church is a rectory, and one of
the thirteen peculiars in this city belonging
to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Rector, besides glebes, donations, and
casualties, receives 110l. a year in lieu of
tithes. Maitland.
.pm d1
Allhallows London wall, a small mean
edifice, a little to the east of Bethlem
Hospital, on the outside of London wall.
It escaped the fire in 1666, and is a rectory,
in the King’s gift.
.pm d1
Allhallows Staining, situated near the
north end of Mark lane. It is said to
obtain the name of Staining, from the
corruption of the word stoney, because
built at first of stone, when the other
churches dedicated to all the Saints
were of wood. It escaped the fire in
1666. The body is well illuminated
with Gothic windows, and the square
tower is crowned with a small turret.
This church is a curacy, in the gift of
the Grocers company. The curate receives
about 100l. a year by tithes.
Maitland, and English Architecture.
// 184.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Allhallows Staining School, was
founded in the year 1658, by Mr. William
Winter, who endowed it with the
sum of 600l. the profits arising from
which, amounting to 26l. per annum, are
employed in instructing six boys in reading,
writing, and accounts, and putting
them out apprentice, with each of whom
a sum is given not exceeding 10l.
.pm d1
Allhallows Lane, near the Steelyard,
Thames street.☐
.pm d1
Allhallows Stairs, Allhallows lane,
Thames street.
.pm d1
Lord High Almoner, a clergyman of the
highest rank, and frequently the Archbishop
of York, who has the office of
disposing of the King’s alms, and for
that use receives all deodands, the goods
of persons found guilty of self-murder,
and other sums allowed by his Majesty to
be disposed of for that purpose. Besides
the sums distributed to the poor
of several parishes, there are many poor
pensioners to the King below stairs, who
have a competency duly paid them, either
because they are so old as to be unfit for
service, or because they are the widows
of such of his Majesty’s household servants
as died poor, and were unable to
// 185.png
.pn +1
provide for their wives and children in
their life-times.
Under the Lord High Almoner, are
a Sub-almoner, a Yeoman, and a Groom
of the Almonry.
.pm d1
Almonry, vulgarly called the Ambry, receives
its name from the alms of the
Abbey being distributed there, and was
originally a chapel dedicated to St. Catharine,
and not, as Mr. Stow asserts,
to St. Anne. Near this chapel Abbot
Islip erected the first printing-house that
ever was in England in the year 1474;
when Mr. William Caxton, a citizen
and mercer of London, bringing that
invaluable art from Holland, became the
first printer in Britain. Maitland.
.pm d1
Almonry School, situated in the Almonry
at Westminster, was founded in
the year 1677, by Henry Hill, Esq;
who also endowed it with 7l. a year for
the education of poor children.
.pm d1
Almshouses. See a particular account of
each under the names of their respective
founders. The number of persons contained
in the several Alms-houses and
hospitals within the bills of mortality,
with the children put forth apprentice by
the money collected at the feast, &c. of
// 186.png
.pn +1
the Sons of the Clergy, and the several
poor families that participate of the
king’s annual charity, amount in the
whole to about 8000 persons, and the
sum employed for their relief to 80,000l.
Maitland.
.pm d1
Almshouse yard. 1. Little Almonry,
Westminster. 2. Dormer’s Hill. 3.
Little Chapel street. 4. Coleman street.
5. Snow Hill, in which Hammond’s
almshouse is situated.
.pm d1
St. Alphage, in Aldermanbury near
London wall, owes its name to its dedication
to St. Alphage, or Elphege, a
noble Saxon Saint, and Archbishop of
Canterbury, who was murdered at
Greenwich by the pagan Danes, in the
year 1013. This church escaped the
flames in 1666, and is still standing;
tho’ it is as mean a structure as can well
be conceived.
The living is a rectory in the patronage
of the Bishop of London, and the
Rector receives about 75l. a year in tithes.
.pm d1
Amble court, near Wellclose square.
.pm d1
Amen corner, at the end of Pater-noster-row,
near St. Paul’s. See Pater-noster-row.
.pm d1
Amersham, or Agmondesham, a small
// 187.png
.pn +1
but very ancient borough, in Buckinghamshire,
situated in a vale between
woody hills, 29 miles from London.
This town does not come within the
compass which we have prescribed round
London, but our map of the environs
not being a circle, the angles of it take
in some few places at a greater distance
than 20 miles; and these being inserted
in our map, we thought we could not
dispense with taking notice of them, as
well as of those within the prescribed
limits. The town consists of a long street,
divided about the middle by a shorter
cross street; in the intersection of which
stands the church, said to be the best
rectory in the county; it being well endowed
by Geoffery de Mandeville, Earl
of Essex, in the reign of King Stephen.
There is here a handsome market-house,
built with brick on arched pillars, about
80 years ago, by Sir William Drake,
Knt. It has a free school founded in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth; and here is
also a fine seat called Shardelowes, the
manor of which formerly belonged to
the noble family of the Russels; but about
the time of the restoration it was
sold, with the borough, to Sir William
// 188.png
.pn +1
Drake, Bart. in whose family it still remains.
.pm d1
Amicable Society, in Serjeants-inn
Fleet street, was incorporated by a charter
granted by Queen Anne, in the year
1706, for a perpetual Assurance-office
for the purpose of making a provision
for their wives, children, and other relations,
after an easy, certain and advantageous
manner, with power to purchase
lands, &c. and to have a seal, which is
a dove standing upon a serpent, and above
in a scroll the motto Prudens
Simplicitas. The number of persons
to be incorporated was not to exceed
2000. After paying the charges of
the policy, and 10s. entrance-money,
each person was to pay 6l. 4s. per annum,
which annual payments have since,
by the increase of the Society’s stock,
been reduced to 5l. a year, payable quarterly,
and from these payments the dividends
to claimants are to arise.
That this Society has been greatly
beneficial to the public, evidently
appears from a state of their yearly
dividends from Lady-day 1710, to
Lady 1757, during which each claim
amounted upon an average to 106l. 1s.
// 189.png
.pn +1
4d. but taking the computation only
for these twenty-three years last past,
viz. from the year 1734, (when by an
order of the general court, a part of
their yearly income was appropriated for
augmenting their claims whenever they
should happen to be under 100l.) the
quantum of such claims from the year
1734 to 1757, have amounted upon an
average to 120l. 9s. 1d. and so considerable
has been the increase of the
dividends for these nine years last
past, that each claim, during that period,
has been advanced upon an average to
142l. 6s. 5d.
However, at a general court held
May 12, 1757, an order was made for
farther augmenting the dividends on
claims, so as that for the future they will
not be less than 125l. each claim, but
yet may happen to be considerably more,
which has been the case of several former
years.
The advantages from becoming members
of this society are such as follow:
To clergymen, physicians, surgeons,
lawyers, tradesmen, and particularly
persons possessed of places or employments
for life: to such parents, husbands,
or wives, and other relations,
// 190.png
.pn +1
whose income is subject to be determined
or diminished at their respective deaths,
who by insuring their lives by means of
this Society, may now in all events leave
to their families a claim, or right, to receive
a sum not less than 125l. for every
five pounds annually paid in, and very
probably a larger sum, as appears by the
above account.
To married persons, more especially
where a jointure, pension, or annuity
depends on both or either of their lives,
by insuring the life of the persons intitled
to such annuity, pension or jointure.
To dependents upon any other person
intitled to a salary, benefaction, or
other means of subsistence, during the
life of such person, whose life being insured
in this society, either by themselves,
or by the person upon whom
they are dependent, will intitle them to
receive upon the death of such person,
a sum not less than 125l. for each number
so insured.
To persons wanting to borrow money,
who by insuring their lives, are
enabled to give a collateral security for
the money borrowed.
// 191.png
.pn +1
To creditors intitled to demands larger
than their debtors are able to discharge,
such debtors may, by a like insurance, secure
to their creditors their principal
sums at their deaths.
The abovementioned advantages are
chiefly with respect to perpetual insurances
for life; but temporary insurers
may find no less advantage from this Society,
as may plainly appear from the following
instance, viz. A. B. has agreed
for the purchase of an office or employment,
but wants 300l. or 400l. to make
up the purchase-money: he is willing
to assign a share of the profits or income
of his office, as a security or pledge for
the repayment of the principal with interest,
but cannot obtain a loan of that
sum without insuring his life till the
whole be cleared, which he is enabled
to do by the help of this Society. For
example; He purchases three numbers,
on each of which he insures his life, and
thereby his assigns become intitled to
three several claims at his death; which
claims, by the abovementioned provision,
will not be less than 125l. each, and may
probably amount to more: he assigns and
deposits his policy with the lender: he
// 192.png
.pn +1
pays to the Society for the yearly contributions
on the three numbers no more
than 5l. each, which is considerably less
than 5l. per cent. under which rate no
other office will insure, and that for one
year only; at the end of which such offices
are at liberty to refuse any further
insurance: whereas in this Society the
insurance continues during the life of the
insured, unless excluded by the non-payment
of the quarterly contributions.
And every insurer, or their representatives,
at the end of their insurance may
in a great measure (if not entirely) reimburse
themselves their purchase-money
(originally paid by them for their numbers)
by disposing of them at a market
price, which they may do without any
farther trouble than applying to the Society’s
office.
The regulations of the Society are as
follow:
All persons at the time of their admission
are to be between the ages of
twelve and forty-five, and must then appear
to be in a good state of health.
Persons living in the country may be
admitted by certificates and affidavit,
// 193.png
.pn +1
forms of which may be had at the office.
Every claimant is impowered to put
in a new life in the room of the deceased
within twelve calendar months next after
the end of the current year, for which
his or her claim shall be allowed as often
as the same shall happen, upon payment
of 10s. entrance.
Any person may have two or three several
insurances, or numbers, on one and
the same life, whereby such persons
will be intitled to a claim on each number
so insured.
The affairs of the corporation are managed
by a court of twelve directors annually
chosen within forty days after every 25th
of March; and the majority of the
members assembled at a general court,
which is never to consist of less than
twenty, are impowered to make laws
and ordinances for the good government
of the corporation. The charter
directs one of the members of the Society
to be elected their Register, who
being also their receiver and accomptant,
is therefore required by the by-laws to
give good security in the sum of 2000l.
at least.
// 194.png
.pn +1
Five members of the Society are annually
elected auditors, who are by their
office to inspect every transaction of the
Society, to examine all vouchers for receipts
and payments, and upon oath to
lay before the quarterly and annual general
courts, the quarterly and annual accounts
of the Society: and on the day
before the holding each court of directors,
the auditors are to state and enter in
the directors minute book a balance of
the cash of the Society.
Attendance is daily given at the Society’s
office from nine in the morning,
till two in the afternoon, holidays excepted.
From the proposals printed by the
Society.
.pm d1
Amsterdam court, Upper Shadwell.
.pm d1
Amyas’s almshouse was erected in
George yard, Old street, in the year
1655, by Mrs. Susanna Amyas, for eight
poor single men or women, who have an
allowance of 4l. per annum each; besides
6l. to furnish them all with coals, 1l. for
water, and 1l. for one of the eight to read
prayers daily.
.pm d1
Anabaptists, or, as they chuse to call
themselves, Baptists. See an account of
// 195.png
.pn +1
their several places of worship, under the
article Baptist.
.pm d1
Anchor alley. 1. Mint street,Southwark.*
2. Worcester place, Thames street.*
.pm d1
Anchor and Hope alley, Green bank,
near Wapping.*
.pm d1
Anchor court, Anchor street, Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Anchor lane, Thames street.*
.pm d1
Anchor street. 1. By Webb’s square, Spitalfields.*
2. Thames street.*
.pm d1
Anchor yard, Barnaby street, Southwark.*
.pm d1
Anderson’s yard, Oxford street.†
.pm d1
St. Andrew’s Holborn, a plain but not
inelegant church, situated on the south
side of Holborn, and at the corner of
Shoe lane. It is dedicated to St. Andrew
the Apostle, who was distinguished
by being the first person Christ called for
a disciple; and his suffering martyrdom
in Achaia. There was a church in this
place called by the name of the same
Apostle, so early as the year 1297. The
old church escaped the flames in the
dreadful fire of London, that proved
fatal to so many others; but ten years
after being found too ruinous for repair,
was taken down in 1687, and the present
structure erected in its place, except
// 196.png
.pn +1
the tower, which was not finished till the
year 1704.
This church has a considerable space
before it, which is entered by a handsome
pair of iron gates. It is a neat
edifice, with two series of windows, and
a handsome balustrade round the top.
The tower, which rises square, consists
only of two stages, and round the top is
a balustrade with a pinacle at each
corner; on the crown of each is placed a
pine apple, from which rises the fanes.
On the inside, the church is extremely
neat and well finished.
The living is a rectory, said to be
worth 600l. a year, in the patronage of
the Duke of Montague. Stow, Maitland,
English architecture.
.pm d1
St. Andrew’s court, Holborn hill, so called
from the above church.
.pm d1
St. Andrew Hubbard, a church which
stood between St. Botolph’s lane, and
Love lane, in Little Eastcheap, where the
King’s weigh-house now stands; but being
destroyed by the fire of London, and
not rebuilt, the parish was united to that
of St. Mary at Hill.
.pm d1
St. Andrew Undershaft, at the corner of
St. Mary Ax in Leadenhall street,
// 197.png
.pn +1
and in Aldgate ward. There stood in
this place a church dedicated to the
same Saint so early as in 1362, which
was pulled down in the year 1532, and
the present structure erected in its room.
It obtained the name of Undershaft from
a may-pole, which was anciently called
a shaft, being annually raised in the
street near it on May-day, and was taller
than the steeple.
This church is a plain gothic structure,
with a well enlightened body, and a
square tower terminated by battlements,
with pinacles at the corners, within
which rises a turret that contains the
bell. It is a rectory, in the patronage of
the Bishop of London. The Incumbent
receives 120l. a year by tithes.
.pm d1
St. Andrew Wardrobe, on the east side of
Puddledock hill, in Castle Baynard ward,
took its name from a great royal wardrobe
erected there in the reign of King
Edward III. There was a church on
the same spot dedicated to St. Andrew
in the year 1322: but the present structure
was not built till the year 1670,
when it was erected in the place of one
burnt by the fire of London. The body
is enlightened by two rows of windows,
// 198.png
.pn +1
and the tower has neither turret, pinacles
nor spire.
This church is a rectory, in the gift of
the Crown, and to this parish that of St.
Ann’s Black Friars is annexed. The
Rector receives by act of parliament 140l.
a year in lieu of tithes. Newc. Repert.
Eccles.
.pm d1
Angel alley. 1. Fore street, Lambeth.*
2. King’s street, St. James’s square.* 3.
Shoe lane.* 4. Gray’s Inn lane.* 5. Long
acre.* 6. Aldersgate street.* 7. Redcross
street.* 8. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
9. Charterhouse lane.* 10. Coleman
street.* 11. Fenchurch street.* 12.
Leadenhall street.* 13. Houndsditch.*
14. Little Moorfields.* 15. Bishopsgate street.*
16. Golden lane, Old street.* 17. Stony
lane, Petticoat lane. 18. Whitechapel.*
19. Brick lane, Spitalfields.* 20. Ratcliff
highway.* 21. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.* 22. Pepper Alley, Southwark.*
23. Coal Harbour, Thames
street.*
.pm d1
Angel court. 1. King’s street, St. James’s
square.* 2. Drury lane.* 3. Charing Cross.*
4. Charterhouse lane alley.* 5. Aldersgate
street.* 6. Friday street.* 7. Grub street.*
8. Camomile street.* 9. Bishopsgate street
// 199.png
.pn +1
without.* 10. Lamb alley, Bishopsgate
street.* 11. Angel alley, Aldersgate
street.* 12. Foul lane, in the Borough.*
13. Great Windmill street.* 14. King’s
Bench alley, Southwark.* 15. Redcross
street in the Park, Southwark.* 16.
Leadenhall street.* 17. Little Elbow
lane.* 18. New Gravel lane.* 19. Redcross
street, Cripplegate.* 20. Little Old
Bailey.* 21. Snowhill.* 22. Long acre.*
23. Long ditch, Westminster.* 24. Near
St. James’s square.* 25. St. Martin’s lane,
Charing cross.* 26. Near Surrey street in
the Strand.* 27. Throgmorton street.* 28.
White’s alley, Rosemary lane.* 29. Stony
lane, Petticoat lane.* 30. Shoe lane.*
.pm d1
Angel hill, Oxford street.*
.pm d1
Angel street. 1. St. Martin’s le grand.* 2.
Little Moorfields.* 3. St. George’s fields,
Southwark.*
.pm d1
Angel and Sugarloaf yard, in the
Minories.*
.pm d1
St. Ann’s alley, Noble street, Foster
lane.
.pm d1
Ann’s alley, East Smithfield.
.pm d1
St. Ann’s Aldersgate, on the north side
of St. Ann’s lane, in the ward of Aldersgate
within, is dedicated to St. Ann
the mother of the Virgin Mary. The
// 200.png
.pn +1
old church in this place perished in the
fire 1666, and the present was raised in
its place about three years after. It is a
very plain edifice: the body is enlightened
by a few large windows, cased
with rustic. The tower, which is very
plain, is also strengthened at the corners
with rustic, and from its top rises a turret
and spire.
The church is a rectory in the patronage
of the Bishop of London, and
the parish of St. John Zachary is annexed
to it. The Rector receives 140l. per
annum, in lieu of tithes.
.pm d1
St. Ann’s Black Friars, stood on the east side
of Churchyard alley, in the precinct of
Black Friars, and the ward of Faringdon
without; but having suffered in the
fatal calamity of 1666, and not being
rebuilt, the parish was annexed to that
St. Andrew Wardrobe.
.pm d1
St. Ann’s Limehouse, arose from the great
increase of houses and inhabitants, by
which the village of Limehouse, a hamlet
of Stepney, became joined to the metropolis,
and it was resolved that here
should be one of the fifty new churches
appointed by act of parliament to be built
within the bills of mortality. The
// 201.png
.pn +1
foundation was laid in the year 1712,
and the present structure finished in
1729; but the inhabitants of this hamlet
not applying to parliament to have it
erected into a parish till the year 1729,
it was not consecrated till 1730. This
hamlet and part of that of Ratcliff, having
been constituted a distinct parish from
that of Stepney, the sum of 3500l. was
given by parliament to be laid out in fee
simple towards the support of the Rector;
besides which the church wardens were
to pay him annually the sum of 60l. to
be raised by burial fees.
This church is of a very singular construction,
the body is not one plain
building, but is continued under separate
portions. The door under the tower has
a portico, covered with a dome supported
by pilasters, and to this door there is
an ascent by a flight of plain steps. Its
square tower has a large Corinthian window
adorned with columns and pilasters.
The corners of the tower are also strengthened
by pilasters, which on their tops
support vases. The upper stage of the
tower is plain, and extremely heavy, and
from this part rises a turret at each corner,
and a more lofty one in the middle.
// 202.png
.pn +1
The advowson of this rectory, which
is not to be held in commendam, is in
the Principal and Scholars of King’s hall,
and Brazen-nose College, Oxford. Maitland.
.pm d1
St. Ann’s Soho, owes its foundation to the
same cause as the former, the increase
of public buildings; the inhabitants of the
parish of St. Martin’s in the Fields became
much too numerous to be contained
in the church, and therefore applying
to parliament, this was erected in the
year 1686, in a spot of ground then called
Kemp’s Field, and the parish to which
it belongs was separated from St. Martin’s
in 1678.
The walls of this church are of brick
with rustic quoins. The tower, which is
square, is strengthened with a kind of
buttresses, and at the springing of the
dome, which supports the lanthorn,
there are urns on the corners with
flames. The lanthorn, which is formed
of arches, is surrounded with a balustrade
at the bottom, and a turret over it is
well shaped, and crowned with a globe
and fane.
The advowson of this church is settled
upon the Bishop of London, and the Rector;
// 203.png
.pn +1
instead of tithes, receives from the
parishioners 100l. a year, which, together
with the glebe, surplice fees, and
Easter book, amount to about 300l. per
annum. Maitland.
.pm d1
St. Ann’s court, Dean street, Soho.☐
.pm d1
Ann’s court, East Smithfield.
.pm d1
Anonymous New street, Coverlead’s fields.
.pm d1
Anson’s alley, Broad St. Giles’s.†
.pm d1
St. Antholin’s Church yard, Budge row.
.pm d1
St. Anthony, vulgarly called St. Antholin’s,
Budge row, a plain but well-proportioned church, with a neat spire.
The former church in this place was
destroyed by fire in 1666, and the
present edifice finished in 1682. It is
built of stone, and is of the Tuscan order,
firm and massy. The length of the
church is 66 feet, and the breadth 54.
The roof is a cupola of an elliptic form,
enlightened by four port hole windows,
and supported by composite columns. The
steeple consists of a tower, and a neat spire.
The living is a rectory, with the
parish of St. John Baptist annexed to it,
and the advowson is in the Dean and
Chapter of St. Paul’s. The Rector receives
120l. a year in lieu of tithes.
// 204.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
St. Anthony’s Hospital and School,
an ancient foundation in Threadneedle
street. See the French episcopal
church in Threadneedle street.
.pm d1
Antilope alley, King’s street Westminster.*
.pm d1
Antiquarian Society. A society of
Antiquaries was formed in this city about
the year 1580, by some of the most
learned men in the kingdom: but having
been frequently interrupted and
discontinued, very little can be said concerning
the same till the year 1717,
when it was again revived by a number
of gentlemen studious of antiquity in general,
but more particularly desirous to obtain
all possible knowledge of the antiquities
of their own country. With this view
they agreed to meet one evening in every
week under certain regulations; they
encouraged correspondencies with all parts
of the kingdom; they subscribed an
annual sum to defray the expence of engraving
on copper-plates, what should
be thought deserving to be so preserved,
and limited their number to 100. And
in this manner they continued their weekly
meeting with great reputation, till his
Majesty King George II. was graciously
// 205.png
.pn +1
pleased to grant them a royal charter of
incorporation, dated Nov. 2, 1751;
and to declare himself their founder and
patron.
Under this charter they became a body
corporate, by the name of the Society of
Antiquaries of London, with a power
to have and use a common seal, to sue
and be sued, and to take, hold, and enjoy
by purchase, gift, or otherwise, any
lands, tenements or hereditaments, not
exceeding in the whole 1000l. per annum.
And it is therein directed, that the Council
of the said Society shall at all times
consist of 21 persons, the President for
the time being always to be one; and the
said charter appoints Martin Folkes, Esq;
to be the first President, and also 20 other
persons therein named to be the first Council,
empowering them within two months
from the date thereof, to nominate,
chuse and admit, as Fellows of the said
Society, such persons as shall excel in the
knowledge of the antiquities and history
of this and other nations, and be eminent
for piety, virtue, integrity and loyalty.
This first President and Council are to
continue till the 23d day of April next
ensuing, on which day, in every year
// 206.png
.pn +1
thereafter, the Council and Fellows are to
assemble to nominate and elect a President,
and Council for the ensuing year;
and it is particularly directed that eleven
of the former Council shall be continued,
and ten other persons chosen out of the
members of the Society: ten and no more
of the Council being to be changed annually.
The President is empowered to
nominate four persons of the Council to
be his Deputies, and supply his place in
case of sickness or absence, and the President,
Council, Fellows, or any twenty-one
or more, are empowered to make
statutes, rules, orders and by-laws, for
the government and direction of the
said Society, their estates, goods, &c.
and for the admission and amoval of all
and every the members and officers
thereof. And the President, Council
and Fellows, may appoint treasurers, secretaries
and clerks, may have and employ
one serjeant at mace, and such other servants
as they think necessary. And lastly,
if any abuses or differences shall arise,
the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord
Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal,
the Lord Privy Seal, and the two Secretaries
of State for the time being, are
// 207.png
.pn +1
appointed Visitors, with full power for
any three of them to compose and
redress such differences and abuses:
provision is also made to fill up any
vacancies that may happen by the death
of the President or any of the Council.
On the receipt of this charter, the first
President and Council nominated and
admitted, by a writing dated the 14th of
November 1751, all the former members,
together with some others, in the
whole 121, to be Fellows of the said
Society of Antiquaries of London, and
soon after drew up a body of statutes for
the good government thereof, which, was
unanimously agreed to and confirmed
in the month of July 1752.
It was herein enacted, that the number
of members should not exceed 150,
but that number being very soon filled
up, and several men of quality and fortune,
as well as persons of great learning and
eminence, being continually applying to
become members, which they could not be
till vacancies should happen by death, the
Society thought proper in the year 1755,
to enlarge their number to 180, (to which
they are limited at present) exclusive of
Peers, Privy Councillors and Judges, that
// 208.png
.pn +1
should be chosen after that time. A
little before this the Society gave up the
management of their estate and revenues,
the payment of monies, and the publication
of their papers and drawings,
(which before were in the body in general,
and thereby attended with many inconveniences,)
entirely to the care of their
Council, which are now a standing committee
for that purpose; and thereby the
government of this Society is become
nearly the same as that of the Royal
Society, which was doubtless a proper
pattern to copy after.
On the 23d of April, being St.
George’s day, the Society annually elect
their Council and officers, viz. a President,
a Treasurer, two Secretaries, and a
Director, who has the care of all their
publications. Then the President appoints
four of the Council to be his
Deputies or Vice-presidents: and after the
election is over, the Society dine together
at their own expence. Martin Folkes,
Esq; was annually elected President till
his death in 1754, since which time the
Rt. Hon. Lord Willoughby of Parham
has been every year chosen.
Every person desirous to be elected a
// 209.png
.pn +1
Fellow of this Society, except Peers, Privy
Counsellors, or Judges of Great Britain
or Ireland, must be recommended
by three or more of the members, in a
paper signed by themselves, specifying
the name, addition, profession, and chief
qualification of the candidate, and also the
place of his abode. When this has been
read at one of the Society’s meetings, and
then hung up in their public room during
the time of four other meetings, the
election is determined by ballot. Peers,
Privy Counsellors, and judges of Great
Britain or Ireland, if proposed by any single
member, must be balloted for immediately.
Every new member must pay an admission
fee of five guineas, and sign the obligation,
whereby he promises, that he will
to the utmost of his power promote
the honour and interest of the Society,
and observe the statutes and orders thereof.
Which being done he is led up to
the chair, when the President or Vice-President
rising, takes him by the hand
and says these words, viz. I do,
by the authority and in the name of the
Society of Antiquaries of London, admit
you a Fellow thereof.
Every member must further pay one
guinea annually for the use of the Society,
// 210.png
.pn +1
or ten guineas at once in lieu of
all contributions.
The meetings of this Society are on
Thursday evenings weekly, from about
six till nine o’clock, at their house in
Chancery lane: their business is to receive,
read and consider all informations
from their own members, or others,
concerning the Antiquities of all nations,
(for which purpose they admit eminent
foreigners to be correspondent members)
but they more particularly attend to the
study of the ancient history, customs,
manners, grants, charters, coins, medals,
camps, churches, cities, and all
monuments whatever, ecclesiastical, military,
or civil, which are found in or relate
to Great Britain and Ireland. And
the communications they have received
concerning these matters must be very
valuable, as may be judged by the many
curious remains of antiquity they have
caused to be engraven on copper-plates,
and permitted lately to be sold; tho’ as
yet they have not thought fit to publish
any of their dissertations. They have a
small but choice library, which is increasing
daily, also a fine collection of
prints and drawings.
// 211.png
.pn +1
.sp 2
.nf c
A TABLE of the ANTIQUITIES engraved\
and published by the SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES of LONDON.
.nf-
.sp 2
.ta r:8 h:35 |r:8
Num.|Volume the First.|Price.
l. s. d.
| The general title and catalogue in Latin. | 0 1 0
1. |A brass lamp, found at St. Leonard’s\
hill near Windsor, presented\
by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. | 0 1 0
2. |Ulphus’s horn, a piece of great\
antiquity, preserved in the\
cathedral at York. | 0 1 0
3. |The font in St. James’s church\
at Westminster. | 0 1 0
4. |The portrait of King Richard II.\
from an ancient picture in\
the choir of Westminster abbey. | 0 2 0
5. |Three ancient seals, with their\
reverses; the first of Cottingham\
abbey in Yorkshire, the\
second of Clare-hall in Cambridge,\
and the third the chapter\
seal of the church of St.\
Etheldred at Ely. | 0 1 0
6. |The ruins of Walsingham priory\
in Norfolk. | 0 0 9
7. |Waltham cross in Middlesex. | 0 1 0
8. |A plan of the remaining walls\
and city of Verulam. | 0 1 0
9–12. |Four views of the ruins of\
Fountain abbey in Yorkshire. | 0 3 0
13, 14. |Three views of the gate\
of St. Bennet’s abbey in Norfolk. | 0 2 6
15. |The tomb of Robart Colles\
and Cecili his wife at Foulsham in Norfolk. | 0 0 6
16. |The shrine of King Edward\
the Confessor in Westminster abbey. | 0 2 0
17. |The north front of the gate at Whitehall. | 0 1 0
18. |The north front of King’s\
street gate in Westminster. | 0 1 0
19. |Plans of the two preceding gates. | 0 0 6
// 213.png
.pn +1
20. |Coins of King Henry VIII,\
Edward VI, Q. Elizabeth, and\
K. James I. Also a portrait of\
Q. Eliz. from a painting in enamel. | 0 1 0
21–26. |The tournament of K.\
Henry VIII, Feb. 12, 1510;\
from an ancient roll in the Heralds office. | 0 6 0
27. | The ruins of Furness abbey in Lancashire. | 0 1 6
28–33. | The Barons letter in the\
reign of King Edward I, Feb.\
12, 1300, to Pope Boniface\
VIII; with the seals appendent thereto. | 0 6 0
34. |An antique brass head, dug up at Bath in 1727.| 0 1 0
35, 36. |Three views of Colchester\
castle in Essex, with a ground plot thereof. | 0 2 0
37, 38. |Tables of English gold\
and silver coins, shewing the\
several species coined in each reign. | 0 3 0
// 214.png
.pn +1
39. | Tutbury castle in Staffordshire. | 0 1 0
40. | Melbourn castle in Derbyshire. | 0 1 0
41. | Lancaster castle. | 0 1 0
42. | Pontefract castle in Yorkshire. | 0 1 0
43. | A gold seal of Pope Alexander\
IV; with gold and silver coins,\
struck in France and Flanders,\
relating to the history of England. | 0 1 0
44. | Knaresborough castle in Yorkshire. | 0 1 0
45. | A portrait of Dr. Tanner,\
Bishop of St. Asaph. | 0 1 0
46. | Tickhill castle in Yorkshire. | 0 1 0
47. | A plan of the Roman roads in Yorkshire. | 0 1 0
48. | A Roman tessellated pavement,\
found near Cotterstock in\
Northamptonshire in 1736. | 0 1 6
49. | A ancient chapel, adjoining\
to the Bishop’s palace at Hereford. | 0 1 0
// 215.png
.pn +1
50–52. | Three Roman tessellated\
pavements, found at Wellow\
near Bath in 1737.| 0 5 0
53, 54. | Ancient seals and their\
reverses, from the Dutchy office\
of Lancaster.| 0 2 6
55. | Gold and silver medals of\
Mary Queen of Scots, and Lord\
Darnley; with others of Queen\
Anne, Prince Henry, and K. Charles I.| 0 1 3
56. | Gold and silver coins of several\
English Kings, Prince Edward,\
and Q. Elizabeth. | 0 1 3
57. | A Roman sudatory, lately\
found at Lincoln. | 0 1 0
58–60. | Ancient seals, from the\
Dutchy office at Lancaster. | 0 4 6
61. | Winchester cross. | 0 1 0
62. | The decree of the university\
of Oxford in 1534, against the\
jurisdiction of the Pope in England. | 0 2 6
// 216.png
.pn +1
63. | A plan of the Tower liberties,\
from a survey in 1597. | 0 2 0
64. | Chichester cross. | 0 1 0
65. | Three views of the Roman Retiarii. | 0 1 0
66–68. | The portrait of Sir Robert\
Cotton, Bart. with two\
plates of fragments of an ancient\
copy of the book of Genesis, \
illuminated with elegant\
figures; and an historical\
dissertation on the said book. | 0 5 0
69. | The standard of ancient weights\
and measures, from a table in \
the Exchequer. | 0 2 6
70. |A view of the court of wards\
and liveries, as fitting; with a \
brief historical account of that\
court. | 0 5 0
| | ——
| Total | 4 7 9
.ta-
.sp 2
.in 2
.ti -2
N. B. This FIRST VOLUME may be had
together for four pounds.
.in 0
.sp 2
// 217.png
.pn +1
.ta r:8 h:35 |r:8
Num.|Volume the Second.|Price.
l. s. d.
1, 2. |Plans for rebuilding the\
city of London after the great\
fire. | 0 2 0
3. |A portrait of Mr. Holmes,\
keeper of the records in the\
Tower. | 0 1 0
4. |Ancient deeds and seals. | 0 1 0
5. |A view of the Savoy from the river Thames. | 0 1 0
6. |The warrant for beheading K. Charles. |0 1 6
7. |An ancient wooden church at\
Greensted in Essex, the shrine\
of St. Edmund the King and\
Martyr, and the seal of the\
abbot of St. Edmund’s Bury in Suffolk. | 0 1 0
8. |Gloucester cross.|0 1 0
9. |Three tessellated Roman\
pavements, found at Winterton\
in Lincolnshire, in 1747; with\
one at Roxby, a town in that\
neighbourhood. | 0 2 0
10. |Doncaster cross. | 0 1 0
11. |Sandal castle in Yorkshire. | 0 1 0
// 218.png
.pn +1
12. |The Savoy hospital in the\
Strand, with the chapel. | 0 1 0
13. |Clithero castle in Lancashire. | 0 1 0
14. |A plan of the ground and\
buildings of the Savoy. | 0 1 0
15, 16. |A view of the cathedral\
church and priory of\
Benedictines at Canterbury,\
with the effigies of Eadwin a\
monk of that convent, between\
the years 1130 and 1174, both\
drawn by himself; with a\
printed account of the said\
drawings. | 0 3 0
17. |An ancient lamp in two views,\
a vase, and two bells, all of brass. | 0 1 0
|| ———
| Total | 0 19 6
.ta-
.sp 2
.in 2
.ti -2
N. B. All these numbers of the SECOND
VOLUME may be had together for
seventeen shillings.
.ti -2
Complete sets, or any single numbers, of
these prints may be had at Mr. Tovey’s
in Westminster-hall, and Mr. Boydell’s
the corner of Queen street, Cheapside;
// 219.png
.pn +1
and at the Society’s house in Chancery
lane.
.in 0
.sp 2
.pm d1
Apollo court, Fleet street.
.pm d1
Apothecaries Company. This company
was incorporated with that of the
Grocers by King James I. in the year
1606; but they were soon separated,
and in 1617 incorporated by the name
of the Master, Wardens and Society of
the art and mystery of Apothecaries
of the city of London, at which time
there were only 104 Apothecaries
shops within the city and suburbs.
This company is governed by a Master,
two Wardens, and twenty-one
Assistants, to whom belong a livery of
144 members, whose fine is 16l. The
Apothecaries have the privilege of being
exempt from parish and ward
offices.
.pm d1
Apothecaries Hall. This edifice is
situated in Blackfriars, and has a pair of
gates leading into an open court handsomely
paved with broad stones, at the
upper end of which is the hall built with
brick and stone, and adorned with
// 220.png
.pn +1
columns of the Tuscan order. The ceiling
of the court room and hall is ornamented
with fret work, and the latter
wainscotted fourteen feet high. In the
hall room is the portraiture of King
James I. and also the bust of Dr. Gideon
Delaun, that King’s apothecary, who
was a considerable benefactor to the company.
In this building are two large
laboratories, one chemical, and the
other for galenical preparations, where
vast quantities of the best medicines are
prepared, for the use of apothecaries and
others, and particularly of the Surgeons
of the royal navy, who here make up their
chests.
The Apothecaries company have a
spacious and beautiful physic garden at
Chelsea, which contains almost four
acres, and is enriched with a vast variety
of plants both domestic and exotic. This
was given by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. on
condition of their paying a quit rent of
5l. per annum, and annually delivering
to the President and Fellows of the Royal
Society, at one of their public meetings,
fifty specimens of different sorts of plants,
// 221.png
.pn +1
well cured, and of the growth of this
garden, till the number of specimens
amounts to 2000.
.pm d1
Appleby’s court, Barnaby street.†
.pm d1
Applebee’s School is kept in St. Saviour’s
churchyard in Southwark, and
was founded in 1681 by Mrs. Dorothy
Applebee, who endowed it with 20l.
per annum, for instructing thirty poor
boys in reading, writing and arithmetic.
.pm d1
Appletree yard, York street, St. James’s
square.‡
.pm d1
Arch row, the west side of Lincoln’s inn
fields.
.pm d1
Archbishop’s wall, near Lambeth.
.pm d1
Arch yard, Harrison’s court, near Brook
street.
.pm d1
Archdeacon. As the bishopric of London
includes the ancient kingdom of the
East Saxons, which contained the counties
of Middlesex, Essex, and part of Hertfordshire,
it has five archdeaconries, viz.
those of London, Essex, Middlesex, Colchester,
and St. Alban’s. It is the office
of these Archdeacons to visit annually
the several cures in their respective
archdeaconries, in order to enquire into
the deportment of the several incumbents,
// 222.png
.pn +1
as well as parish officers; to advise them
gravely to reform what is amiss, and in
case of contumacy to inflict pains and
penalties, for which they receive procuration
from every parish priest within
their jurisdiction.
.pm d1
Arches, an ecclesiastical court in Doctors
Commons, formerly kept in Bow
church Cheapside, where the church
and tower being arched, the court was
from thence called The Arches, and still
retains the name. As this is the highest
court belonging to the Archbishop of
Canterbury, hither all appeals in ecclesiastical
matters within that province are
directed. The judge of this court is
stiled the Dean of the Arches, from his
having a jurisdiction over a Deanry in
London, consisting of 13 parishes or peculiars
exempt from the Bishop of London’s
jurisdiction. The other officers are
a register, or examiner, an actuary, a
beadle or crier, and an apparitor; besides
advocates, procurators, or proctors.
See Doctors Commons.
.pm d1
Archer’s alley, Peter street, near Bishopsgate
street.†
.pm d1
Archer street, Great Windmill street.†
// 223.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Argyle buildings, a new and very handsome
street, regularly built, between
Oxford road and Marlborough street;
near the center is the Duke of Argyle’s
house, a very plain edifice, with a small
area, and a wall before it.
.pm d1
Argyle street, great Marlborough street.†
.pm d1
Arlington street, runs parallel to the
upper end of St. James’s street, it having
Park Place on the south, and Portugal
street on the north. It is magnificently
built.
.pm d1
Armourers, a company incorporated by
King Henry VI. about the year 1423,
by the title of The Master and Wardens,
Brothers and Sisters of the fraternity of or
guild of St. George, of the men of the mysteries
of the Armourers of the city of London.
The same Prince also honour’d the company
by becoming one of their members. To
this company, which formerly made coats
of mail, is united that of the brasiers,
who are jointly governed by a Master,
two Wardens, and 21 Assistants. Their
livery consists of eighty members, whose
fine is 25l.
The armourers and brasiers hall is an
old plain brick building near the north east
corner of Coleman street.
// 224.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Arnold’s court. 1. Barbican. 2. New lane,
Shad Thames.†
.pm d1
Arnold’s yard, Barbican, Aldersgate
street.†
.pm d1
Artichoke alley. 1. Barnaby street.* 2.
Holiwell street, Shoreditch.*
.pm d1
Artichoke court. 1. Cannon street, Walbrook.*
2. Whitecross street.*
.pm d1
Artichoke hill, Ratcliff Highway.*
.pm d1
Artichoke lane. 1. Virginia street.* 2. Near
the Hermitage, Wapping.* 3. Newington
Causeway, Southwark.*
.pm d1
Artichoke head lane, near the Hermitage.*
.pm d1
Artichoke yard. 1. Shoreditch.* 2. Newington
Causeway, Southwark.*
.pm d1
Artillery Ground. The Old Artillery
Ground was a little north east of what is
now Devonshire square in Bishopsgate
street. This was originally a spacious
field called Tassel Close, from its being
planted with tassels for the use of the
clothworkers. It was afterwards let to
the cross-bow makers, who used to shoot
there; but being at length inclosed with
a brick wall, served as an artillery ground,
to which the gunners of the Tower repaired
every Thursday, when they levelled
brass pieces of large artillery against a
// 225.png
.pn +1
butt of earth raised for that purpose.
The last Prior of St. Mary Spital granted
to the gunners of the Tower this artillery
ground for thrice ninety nine years,
for the use and practice of great and
small artillery; and King Henry VIII.
gave the company a charter. Hence this
artillery ground became subject to the
Tower; the streets, &c. compose one of
the Tower hamlets, and the inhabitants
are still summoned on juries belonging to
the courts held on Tower hill.
In the year 1585, the city being put to
great trouble and expence by the continual
musters and training of soldiers,
some brave and active citizens, who had
obtained experience both at home and
abroad, voluntarily exercised themselves,
and trained up others in the use of arms,
so that within two years there were almost
three hundred merchants, and
other persons of distinction, qualified to
teach the common soldiers the management
of their guns, pikes, and halberts,
as well as to march and countermarch.
These met every Thursday, each person
by turns bearing office from the corporal
to the captain, and some of these
gentlemen had the honour of having a
// 226.png
.pn +1
body of forces under their command at
the great camp of Tilbury, in the year
1588, when the Spaniards sent against us
their pretended invincible Armada, and
these commanders were generally called
Captains of the Artillery Garden.
This noble exercise became afterwards
discontinued for a long time, but was
renewed in the year 1610, when several
gentlemen having obtained the permission
of King James I. undertook at their
private expence a weekly exercise in
the same artillery ground, and in the
year 1662, erected an armoury, in which
they placed 500 sets of arms, of extraordinary
beauty and workmanship. The
Artillery company now greatly increased,
and the people resorted to the artillery
ground to learn to defend themselves
and their country; and even many gentlemen
from every county went thither
to learn martial exercises, in order to
teach them to the militia, in the distant
parts of the kingdom.
At length this company being so much
increased that this artillery ground was
scarcely able to contain them, for they
amounted to about 6000: they removed
to the New Artillery Ground near the
// 227.png
.pn +1
upper end of Moorfields, where they
still continue to assemble.
King Charles II. when Prince of Wales
enlisted himself into this company,
as did his brother James Duke of York,
at the same time; who after the restoration
took upon himself the command,
and named it his own company.
The Artillery company consists of
about 300 men. It is governed by a
President, Vice-president, Treasurer and
Court of Assistants. The Lord Mayor,
Aldermen and Sheriffs for the time being,
&c. with the Field Officers of the
militia or trained bands, are of the honorary
court, these with 24 gentlemen
annually elected, compose the court of
Assistants. His Majesty is Captain-General,
and all the other officers are
elected annually, and serve by rotation.
The New Artillery Ground is a spacious
square walled round. In the center
of the north side is the Armoury, a
neat building of brick and stone strengthened
with rustic quoins at the corners;
before it is a flight of steps, and there
are a few others at the door, which is
in the center, and is large, lofty, and
adorned with a porch formed by two
// 228.png
.pn +1
Tuscan columns and two pilasters supporting
a balcony. The front is ornamented
with a pediment supported at
the corners by quoins. On the top are
placed several large balls, and on the
apex of the pediment is a lofty flag staff.
On each side the main building, stands
at some distance backwards a small edifice,
where the provisions are dress’d at
the company’s feasts. The hall of the
armoury is hung round with breast-plates,
helmets and drums; and fronting
the entrance is a handsome pair of
iron gates which lead to a spacious staircase,
painted with military ornaments,
and adorned with the statue of a man
dressed in a compleat suit of armour.
This staircase leads into a very spacious
room, which has the King’s arms over
one fire place, and those of the company
over the other. It has two chandeliers,
and is adorned with very fine
guns, swords and bayonets, presented
by the officers of the company, and
handsomely disposed on the walls. There
are here also tables hung up, containing
the names of the subscribers to the iron
gates and other ornaments, among whom
is King George I. who gave 500l. Besides
// 229.png
.pn +1
the rooms already mentioned, there
are two others above, and two below.
.pm d1
Artillery court, Prince’s row, Finsbury,
so called from the artillery ground near
it.
.pm d1
Artillery lane. 1. Bishopsgate street without,
thus named from its being built on
the Old Artillery ground. 2. Fair street,
Horsley down.
.pm d1
Artillery street, near Bishopsgate without,
Spitalfields. It had also its name
from its being built on the old artillery
ground there.
Society for the encouragement of Arts,
Manufactures and Commerce. The
public spirit of this age is perhaps in no
instance more remarkably shewn than in
the flourishing condition of this valuable
Society, whose sole object is the
improvement of the polite and commercial
arts in all their various branches, by
exciting industry and emulation amongst
all who can be moved either by honorary
or pecuniary rewards. It was set on
foot by Lord Folkstone, Lord Romney,
Dr. Hales, and seven or eight private
gentlemen, who were brought together
by the unwearied pains of Mr. William
Shipley, a person little known, who had
// 230.png
.pn +1
long laboured to reduce into practice a
scheme he had projected for this purpose.
Their first meeting was at Rathmill’s
coffee-house, March 22d 1754, when
those noble Lords approved and patronized
the undertaking. At their next meeting
they determined to make a beginning,
by proposing rewards for the discovery of
cobalt, for the encouragement of boys and
girls in the art of drawing, (thereby to improve
manufactures in taste and elegance,)
and for the planting of madder in this
kingdom. And now money being wanted,
a voluntary subscription was begun,
to which the two noblemen before named,
did not only generously contribute
much more than they would let appear,
but engaged moreover to make good the
deficiencies at the end of the year: a promise
they most honourably fulfilled. Soon
after this, a plan was drawn up by one of
the members (Mr. Baker) for forming, regulating
and governing the Society, which
being printed and dispersed, the great utility
of such a society became so well understood,
that immediately several noblemen
and gentlemen offered themselves as
members, and ever since that time its
increase has been so extraordinary, that it
// 231.png
.pn +1
consists at present of above 1000 members,
many of whom are of the greatest
quality and fortune: and it can now afford
to offer premiums to the amount of
near 2000l. per annum.
The officers of this Society are a President, eight
Vice-presidents, a Register, and
a Secretary; and these are to be chosen by
ballot annually on the first Tuesday in
March. Every person desiring to be a member
of this Society, must be proposed by
some member of the same at one of their
meetings, by delivering in the name,
addition, and place of abode of such person,
signed by himself; which must be
read by the Secretary, and balloted for
at the next meeting, and if two thirds of
the members then present are for admitting
such person, he shall be deemed a
perpetual member on payment of twenty
guineas, or a subscribing member on
payment of any sum not less than two
guineas, and continuing such payment
annually: but tho’ two guineas a year is the
most common subscription, all the members
that are noblemen, and even some
gentlemen, subscribe five guineas, and several
others four or three. There are also ladies
that are subscribers; eminent foreigners
// 232.png
.pn +1
are likewise admitted to be honorary
members. At first they had a Treasurer,
but now their money is placed in the
Bank of England, in the names of the President
and Vice-presidents, three whereof
are impowered to draw any sum the Society
shall order to be paid. And the
accounts of the receipts and payments are
constantly examined and balanced on the
last day of every month, by a committee
appointed for that purpose. Their proceedings
are regulated by a body of rules
and orders established by the whole Society,
and printed for the use of the members. All
questions and debates are determined by
holding up of hands, or by ballot if required,
and no matter can be confirmed
without the assent of a majority at two
meetings. They invite all the world to
propose subjects for encouragement, and
whatever is deemed deserving attention is
referred to the consideration of a committee,
which after due enquiry and deliberation
make their report to the whole
Society, where it is approved, rejected or
altered. A list is printed and published
every year, of the matters for which they
propose to give premiums, which premiums
are either sums of money, and
// 233.png
.pn +1
those sometimes very considerable ones,
or the Society’s medal in gold or silver[#],
which they consider as the greatest honour
they can bestow. All possible care is
taken to prevent partiality in the distribution
of their premiums, by desiring
the claimants names may be concealed,
and by appointing committees, (who
when they find occasion call to their assistance
the most skilful artists) for the
strict examination of the real merit of all
matters and things brought before them,
in consequence of their premiums.
.pm fn-start // A
The weight of the Society’s medal in gold is
about six guineas, and proportionably in silver. On
one side Minerva, as Goddess of Wisdom, is represented
introducing Mercury with a purse in his hand,
as the God of commercial arts, to Britannia sitting
on a globe: the inscription in the Circle, ARTS. AND.
COMMERCE. PROMOTED. at the Bottom, SOCIETY.
INST. LONDON. MDCCLIIII. on the reverse is only
a wreath of laurel, the rest being left blank, that the
name of the person to whom, and the occasion for
which each medal is given, may be engraved thereon.
The dye was made by Mr. Pingo, and is thought
to be well done.
.pm fn-end
The Society’s office is opposite to Beaufort
Buildings in the Strand: their
meetings are every Wednesday evening
at six o’clock, from the second Wednesday
// 234.png
.pn +1
in November to the last Wednesday
in May, and at other times on the
first and third Wednesday of every month.
They are exceedingly well attended, and
’tis pleasing to behold with how laudable
a zeal every one endeavours to promote
the public good, by encouraging whatever
may improve the arts and manufactures,
or increase the commerce of this kingdom
and its colonies. They are not incorporated,
nor seem much to want a
charter, as their business can be carried
on very well without one, and the expence
would be too considerable; but it
is hoped their generous disinterested
intentions, and their extensive views to
promote the trade, the riches and honour
of their country, will in time recommend
them to partake the royal bounty,
and that they will long continue to
prove themselves to be, what they are at
present, as respectable and useful a society
as ever was established in any nation.
.pm d1
Arundel stairs, Arundel street.†
.pm d1
Arundel street, Strand, so called from
Lord Arundel’s house there.
.pm d1
Arundelian Library. See Royal Society.
// 235.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Ashentree court. 1. White Friars. 2.
Shoreditch.
.pm d1
Ashford, a village near Stains in Middlesex,
adorned with the seats of the Earl of
Kinoul, and the Duke of Argyle.
.pm d1
Ashted, a village in Surrey, near Epsom
Wells, in one of the finest situations in
England, was lately in the possession of
Sir Robert Howard, brother to the Earl
of Berkshire, who erected a noble edifice
in this place, which he enclosed with a
park. This afterwards became the estate
and seat of Mr. Fielding, uncle to the
late Earl of Denbigh. The church, which
stands on the side of the park, has several
fine monuments.
.pm d1
Aske’s Hospital, a handsome edifice at
Hoxton, erected by the Haberdasher’s
company in the year 1692, pursuant to
the will of Robert Aske, Esq; who
left 30,000l. for building and endowing
it, in order to afford lodging and board
for twenty poor men of that company,
and for as many boys to be instructed in
reading, writing, and arithmetic. Each
of the pensioners hath an apartment consisting
of three neat rooms, with proper
diet at a common table, and firing; the
// 236.png
.pn +1
annual sum of 3l. and a gown every
second year: which, together with the
salaries of the chaplain, clerk, butler,
porter, and other domestics, amount to
about 800l. per annum.
A plan of the building was drawn by
Dr. Hook, a learned mathematician of
Gresham College, and upon his model it
was erected in an advantageous situation,
fronting the east, with grass plats before
it, adorned with rows of lime trees, and
inclosed with a handsome wall and iron
gates. On the piers of the great gates at
the south end, are two stone statues, representing
two of Aske’s Hospital men,
in full proportion. The principal part
of the building is only one story high
with garrets; where a portico with
twenty-one stone pillars extends on a
line on each side of the chapel, which is
placed in the middle, and on each side
above these pillars is a range of twenty-two
very small windows. The pillars of
the chapel extend to the top of the first
story, and that edifice rising considerably
above the rest of the building, is
terminated by a handsome pediment;
with a clock, under which is the effigies
// 237.png
.pn +1
of the founder in stone, cloathed in
his gown, and holding in his hand a
roll of parchment, which seems to be
his last will. Under him is the following
inscription:
.pm epi-start
Roberto Aske Armigero, hujus Hospitii
Fundatori, Socie. Haberda. B. M. P. C.
.pm epi-end
And on one side of him is this inscription:
.pm epi-start
Anno Christi MDCLXXXII. Societas
Haberdasheorum de London hoc Hospitium
condiderunt, ex Legato & Testamento
Roberti Aske Armigeri, ejusdem Societatis;
ad viginti Senum Alimenta, &
totidem Puerorum Educationem.
.pm epi-end
On the other side this inscription:
.pm epi-start
The worshipful Company of Haberdashers
built this Hospital, pursuant to the gift
and trust of R. Aske, Esq; a late
worthy Member of it, for the relief of
twenty poor Members, and for the Education
of twenty Boys, sons of decayed Freemen
of that company.
.pm epi-end
// 238.png
.pn +1
Fronting the entrance of the chapel is
a large pair of very handsome iron gates,
and at each end of the hospital is an
edifice of the same height as the chapel.
.pm d1
Ass park, Wheeler street, Spitalfields.
.pm d1
Assurance Office, for granting annuities
to be paid to the heirs of a person
after his death. See Amicable Society.
For the offices of Assurance
from fire, &c. see the names by which
they are distinguished, as Hand in
Hand, London, Union, Sun Fire
office, &c.
.pm d1
Asylum, or House of Refuge for Orphans
and other deserted girls of the
poor, within the bills of mortality, situated
near Westminster-bridge, on the
Surrey side. Underneath the article
Magdalen Hospital, the reader will
find a noble foundation formed for the
reception of those unhappy women, who
have been abandoned to vice; but wisely
repenting of their folly, resolve to
reform. This charitable foundation of
which we are now going to give a description,
was founded at the same time,
in order to preserve poor friendless and
deserted girls, from the miseries and
// 239.png
.pn +1
dangers to which they would be exposed,
and from the guilt of prostitution.
The evils this charity is intended to
prevent, are not chimerical, but founded
on facts. It too often happens, that
by the death of the father, a mother intitled
to no relief from any parish, is
left with several helpless children, to be
supplied from her industry; her resource
for subsistence is usually to some low occupation,
scarcely sufficient to afford
bread and cloathing, and rarely the
means of instruction. What then must
become of the daughters of such parents,
poor and illiterate as they are, and
thereby exposed to every temptation?
Necessity may make them prostitutes,
even before their passions can have any
share in their guilt. Among these unhappy
objects, very agreeable features
are frequently seen disguised amidst dirt
and rags, and this still exposes them to
greater hazards; for these are the girls
which the vile procuress seeks after;
she trepans them to her brothel, even
while they are yet children, and she
cleans and dresses them up for prostitution.
But what is still more dreadful,
// 240.png
.pn +1
maternal duty and affection have been
so thoroughly obliterated, that even mothers
themselves have been the seducers:
they have insnared their children to the
house of the procuress, and shared with
her the infamous gain of initiating their
daughters in lewdness: or if this has not
been the case, they have too often been
prevailed on, for a trifling consideration,
to conceal and forgive the crime of the
infamous bawd.
These and other considerations induced
a number of Noblemen and Gentlemen,
who had approved of a proposal
from John Fielding, Esq; one of the
Justices for the Liberties of Westminster,
to hold their first meeting on the 10th
of May 1758, for carrying into execution
a plan of this Asylum. Several
other meetings were soon after held, in
which the rules and orders for the reception
and management of the children
were established, and the lease of
a house, lately the Hercules Inn near
Westminster-bridge, agreed for. This
house was soon fitted up, and furnished,
and the first children admitted on the
5th of July following.
// 241.png
.pn +1
The rules and orders established are
as follows:
I. The qualification of a perpetual
Guardian is a benefaction of thirty guineas
or upwards, at one payment.
II. That of an annual Guardian is a
subscription of three guineas or upwards
per annum.
III. Ladies subscribing the said sums,
will be considered as Guardians of this
charity, and have a right of voting at all
general elections, by proxy, such proxy
being a Guardian, or they may send a
letter to the board, naming therein the
person they vote for, which shall be considered
as their vote. It is esteemed by
the Guardians a benefit to the charity,
for the Ladies occasionally to visit the
house, and inspect the management of
the children; the matron being ordered
to attend such Ladies, and to give them
all necessary information: and, whatever
observations they may then make,
or whatever hints, at other times, may
occur to them, for the good of the charity,
if they will be pleased to transmit
them by letter to the Secretary, or to
the Committee, who meet every Wednesday
in the forenoon at the Asylum,
// 242.png
.pn +1
they will be immediately taken into
consideration, and have all respectful regard
shewn to them.
IV. Those Gentlemen and Ladies,
who have already subscribed lesser sums
than thirty guineas, by making up their
subscriptions to that sum, within a year,
will be entered in the subscription book
as perpetual Guardians.
V. There is to be an annual general
meeting of the Guardians on the second
Wednesday in March.
VI. A general quarterly meeting is to
be held on the second Wednesday in
July, the second Wednesday in January,
the second Wednesday in April, and the
second Wednesday in October, for auditing
the accounts, and making laws
and rules for the government of the
charity, and for other business.
VII. A Committee is appointed, to
consist of thirty Guardians, who are to
meet every Wednesday at eleven o’clock
in the forenoon at the Asylum, to transact
the business of the charity; and they
are, from time to time, to report their
proceedings to the following general
court, and any three of the said gentlemen
constitute a quorum. In these
// 243.png
.pn +1
Committees are a President, Vice-president,
and a Treasurer.
VIII. The officers and servants of the
house, are a Physician, two Surgeons,
an Apothecary and a Chaplain.
A Secretary, who keeps the accounts
of the hospital, and does all such other
business as is commonly done by Secretaries,
Clerks, and Registers, at other
charities.
A Matron, who superintends the affairs
of the house, takes care of the provisions
and furniture, delivers an account
of the current expences weekly to the
Secretary, to be laid before the Committee.
She is to see that the children
are properly employed, that they are attentive
to their learning, and that they
behave with decency; that the teachers
do their duty, and that they treat the
children with humanity. The servants
under her, are teachers of reading, knitting,
sewing, &c. a cook, a house-maid,
and a servant man.
IX. The objects to be admitted are
Orphans, the daughters of necessitous
parents, residing in parishes where they
have no relief, and deserted girls within
the bills of mortality, from eight to
// 244.png
.pn +1
twelve years of age; but infirm children
are not admitted, as the objects of
this charity are to be constantly employed
in every branch of good housewifry.
X. Each object applying for admission,
must produce such certificate of
her age and necessity, as shall be satisfactory
to the Guardians then present;
and in all cases, wherein, during the infancy
of this Asylum, more objects shall
apply for admission than the Asylum
can at once receive, the names of the
objects not admitted are entered in a
book kept for that purpose, and a notice
is sent to the persons, signifying the
certificate of each child, of the first opportunity
of taking in such children
that shall happen afterwards; in filling
up all which, the children, before refused,
have the preference as they stand
upon the entry: each of the above certificates
must be signed by two substantial
housekeepers, of the parish where
the object resides.
XI. The children are regularly and
alternately employed in reading, knitting,
sewing, and in the business of the
kitchen, to which latter employment
// 245.png
.pn +1
four are appointed weekly, to be with
the cook, to assist her, and to receive
from her the necessary instructions in
plain cookery, curing provisions, and
other employments of the kitchen. They
likewise make the beds, clean the rooms,
assist in washing, and ironing the linen,
and in other household business, according
to their respective ages and abilities,
at the discretion of the matron.
XII. The Chaplain on Sundays preaches,
and performs the other parts of divine
service, and catechises the children.
Prayers also are read on the other days
of the week, by the matron or teacher;
and some portion of scripture is read by
those of the children who are best able.
They have also, each of them, a common
prayer book, and the new testament;
and other good books are likewise
provided for them.
The number of children in the house
in April 1759, were forty-two, and
the sums raised for the support of this
charitable foundation, at the same time,
amounted to 2032l. 4s. 9d.
.pm d1
Audley’s rents, Whitecross street.†
.pm d1
Audley street, Grosvenor square.†
// 246.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Ave-Mary lane, Ludgate street. See
Pater-noster Row.
.pm d1
Avery farm, Chelsea.
.pm d1
Avery row, by May-fair.
.pm d1
Augmentation Office in Dean’s yard,
Westminster. This office belongs to a
corporation, established by an act passed
in the second and third years of the
reign of Queen Anne, for the better
maintenance of the poor Clergy, by the
augmentation of small livings. This
body corporate consists of the Lords of
the Privy Council, the Lords Lieutenants
and Custos Rotulorum, the Archbishops,
Bishops, and Deans of cathedrals,
the Judges, the King’s Serjeants
at law, the Attorney, Sollicitor, and
Advocate General, the Chancellors and
Vice-Chancellors of the Universities, the
Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London,
and the Mayors of all other cities within
the kingdom; seven of whom may
compose a court, provided three of that
number be a Privy Counsellor, a Bishop,
a Judge, or one of the King’s Council,
and this court may appoint committees
of Governors, and invest them with such
powers as they think proper.
// 247.png
.pn +1
The business of the Governors is to
find out the value of every benefice under
80l. a Year, with the distance of
each from London, &c. and to lay the
state thereof before his Majesty, with
the value of the tenths, first-fruits, &c.
in order that the royal bounty may be
applied to support those of the clergy,
who are in the greatest distress: and this
corporation has actually augmented a
great number of small livings.
.pm d1
Austin Friars, near Broad street, was
a priory founded for the Friars Eremites,
of the order of St. Augustine, in the
year 1253, by Humphrey Bohun, Earl
of Hereford and Essex, The Friars
of this priory were Mendicants, and
continued in the possession of this place
till its dissolution by King Henry VIII.
since which time the greatest part has been
pulled down, and many handsome houses
built; but a part of the old church belonging
to the priory is still standing.
King Edward VI. granted all the church,
except the choir, to a congregation of
Germans, and other strangers, who fled
hither for the sake of religion, ordering
it to be called the Temple of the Lord
Jesus, and several successive Princes have
// 248.png
.pn +1
confirmed it to the Dutch, by whom it
is still used as a place of divine worship.
It is a large and spacious Gothic edifice,
supported by two rows of stone pillars.
At the east end are several steps, which
lead to a large platform, on which is
placed a long table with seats against the
wall, and forms round, for the use of
the Holy Communion, and the windows
on one side have painted on them in several
places, the words Jesus Temple.
On the west end over the screen is a
library, thus inscribed, Ecclesiæ Londino-Belgicæ
Bibliotheca, extructa sumptibus
Mariæ Dubois 1659. It contains
several valuable manuscripts, among
which are the letters of Calvin, Peter
Martyr, and other foreign reformers.
.pm d1
St. Austin’s Church, at the north west
corner of Watling street, in the ward of
Faringdon within, was dedicated to St.
Austin the monk, the English Apostle.
The old church having suffered in the
dreadful conflagration in 1666, has been
rebuilt, and the parish of St. Faith united
to it. It is a rectory, and the advowson
is in the Dean and Chapter of St.
Paul’s. The Rector receives 172l. per
annum in lieu of tithes.
// 249.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Austin street, in Castle street, near Shoreditch.
.pm d1
Ax alley, Leadenhall street.*
.pm d1
Ax yard. 1. King’s street, Westminster.* 2.
Norfolk street in the Strand.* 3. Little
Britain.* 4. Blackman street.* 5. King’s
street, Blackman street.*
.pm d1
Ax and Bottle yard, St. Margaret’s hill.*
.pm d1
Ayloffe street, Goodman’s Fields.†
.pm d1
Ayre’s Almshouse, in White’s alley,
Coleman street, was founded by Mr.
Christopher Ayre, Merchant, for six
poor men and their wives, who committed
it to the care of the Leather-sellers
company, who annually pay each
couple 4l.
.if h
.il fn=i249.jpg w=600px
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: Decoration]
.sp 2
.if-
.sp 4
.h2
B.
.sp 2
Bab’s alley, Mint street, Southwark.†
.pm d1
Bab’s mays, or mews, Jermain street.†
.pm d1
Back alley. 1. Back hill, Hatton wall.§
2. Back hill, Southwark.§ 3. Bear alley,
Fleet ditch.§ 4. Bowling alley,
Westminster.§ 5. Bridge yard, Tooley
street.§ 6. St. Catharine’s lane.§ 7.
Church lane, Tooley street.§ 8. Church
lane, Whitechapel.§ 9. Churchyard alley,
Tooley street.§ 10. Cloth fair, West
// 250.png
.pn +1
Smithfield.§ 11. Crown court, King’s
street, Tooley street.§ 12. East lane,
Rotherhith.§ 13. Great garden, St. Catharine’s
lane.§ 14. Green bank, Wapping.§
15. March street, Wapping.§
16. St. Martin’s le Grand.§ 17. Mill street.§
18. Playhouse yard, Whitecross street,
Cripplegate.§ 19. Three Foxes court,
Long lane, West Smithfield.§
.pm d1
Back court, Symond’s Inn, Chancery lane.
.pm d1
Back hill. 1. Hatton wall.§ 2. Southwark.§
.pm d1
Back lane. 1. Bethnal green.§ 2. Elephant
lane, Rotherhith.§ 3. Hackney.§ 4. Islington.§
5. Lambeth Butts.* 6. Lambeth
marsh.§ 7. Near Rag fair, Rosemary
lane.§ 8. Near Sun Tavern fields.§ 9. Three
Hammer alley, Tooley street.§
.pm d1
Back Round court in the Strand.§
.pm d1
Back side. 1. St. Clement’s in the Strand.§
2. Middle Shadwell.§
.pm d1
Back street. 1. Cloth fair.§ 2. Horsley
down.§ 3. Lambeth.§ 4. St. Clement’s
Danes.§ 5. Old street square.§
.pm d1
Back Street School, at Lambeth, was
founded by Archbishop Tenison, about
the year 1704, for the education of poor
girls, who are cloathed and taught:
they are at present twenty; but their
number is to be increased according to
the improvement of the estate. Maitland.
// 251.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Back way, near Shepherd’s Market, Curzon
street.§
.pm d1
Back yard. 1. Angel alley, Little Moorfields.§
2. Bell alley, Coleman street,
Lothbury.§ 3. Brick lane, Old street.§ 4.
Bullhead court, Jewin street.§ 5. Great
Garden, St. Catharine’s.§ 6. Little Bartholomew
close.§ 7. Marigold lane.§ 8.
Newcastle street.§ 9. Nightingale lane.§
10. Old Gravel lane.§ 11. Pelican court,
Little Britain.§ 12. Peter lane, St. John’s
street.§ 13. Pickleherring street. 14.
Redcross alley, Jewin street.§ 15. Richmond
street.§ 16. Ropemaker’s fields,
Limehouse.§ 17. Rotherhith wall.§ 18.
Rupert street.§ 19. Saltpetre bank.
20. Shakespear’s walk.§ 21. Shipwright
street, Rotherhith.§ 22. Short’s street.§
23. Silver street, Tooley street.§ 24. St.
Margaret’s hill.§ 25. St. Saviour’s Dock
head.§ 26. Stamford buildings.§ 27. Star
street, Wapping wall.§ 28. Sun alley,
Golden lane.§ 29. Swan alley, Golden
lane. 30. Three Colt street.§ 31. Tooley
street.§ 32. Turnmill street, Cowcross.§
33. Vineyard.§ 34. Upper Ground street.§
35. Upper Well alley, Wapping.§ 36.
Wentworth street.§ 37. White’s yard,
Rosemary lane.§ 38. Woolpack alley,
Houndsditch.§
// 252.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Back Cloister yard, Westminster.§
.pm d1
Back Brook street, David street, by Grosvenor
square.
.pm d1
Bacon alley, Woolpack alley, Shoreditch.
.pm d1
Bacon street. 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.*
2. Club row, Spitalfields.
.pm d1
Badger’s alley, Shoreditch.†
.pm d1
Badger’s Almshouse, at Hoxton, was founded
by Mrs. Allen Badger, in the year
1698, for six poor men and their wives,
who are only allowed twenty shillings a
year each couple.
.pm d1
Badger’s rents, St. John’s passage, St.
John’s street.†
.pm d1
Bag and Bottle alley, Old street.*
.pm d1
Bag and Bottle yard, Old street.*
.pm d1
Bagnel’s rents, Denmark street.†
.pm d1
Bagnio court, Newgate street, thus named
from the Bagnio there.
.pm d1
Bagnio lane, leading into Bagnio court,
Newgate street.
.pm d1
Bagshaw’s rents, Portpool lane, Leather
lane.†
.pm d1
Bailey’s alley, in the Strand.†
.pm d1
Bailey’s court, 1. Bell yard, Fleet street.†
2. Cock hill.† 3. Fashion street.† 4. Sheer
lane.† 5. In the Strand.†
.pm d1
Bailey’s place, Little Tower hill.†
// 253.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bailey’s yard, Broadway, Westminster.†
.pm d1
Bainham’s street, Southwark.†
.pm d1
Bain’s hill, Upper Shadwell.†
.pm d1
Bakehouse court, Godalmin street.
.pm d1
Bakers, this company is very ancient,
though it does not appear to have been
incorporated till about the year 1307.
It is governed by a Master, four Wardens,
thirty Assistants, and 195 Livery
men, whose fine is 10l.
.pm d1
Bakers Hall, a plain edifice in Hart
lane, Tower street, and formerly the
dwelling house of John Chicheley,
Chamberlain of London.
.pm d1
Baker’s alley. 1. Church lane, Whitechapel.†
2. Farmer’s street, Shadwell.†
3. Goswell street.† 4. Hart street.† 5.
King’s street, Westminster.† 6. Monkwell
street.† 7. St. John’s street.† 8. In
the Strand. 9. Stony lane.† 10. Swallow
street.†
.pm d1
Baker’s Arms alley, Rosemary lane.*
.pm d1
Baker’s buildings, Old Bethlem.†
.pm d1
Baker’s court, Halfmoon alley, Bishopsgate street.†
.pm d1
Baker’s passage, Jermain street.†
.pm d1
Baker’s row. 1. Cold Bath fields.† 2.
Whitechapel.†
// 254.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Baker’s yard. 1. Tower hill. 2. Milford
lane.
.pm d1
Balaam’s court, King David’s Fort.
.pm d1
Baldwin’s court. 1. Baldwin’s gardens.†
2. White street.* 3. Cloak lane, Dowgate
hill.†
.pm d1
Baldwin’s gardens, Leather lane.†
.pm d1
Baldwin’s square, Baldwin’s gardens.†
.pm d1
Baldwin’s street, Old street.†
.pm d1
Baldwin’s yard. 1. Baldwin’s gardens. 2.
Narrow alley, Stone lane.†
.pm d1
Bale’s court, Cow cross, Smithfield.†
.pm d1
Ball alley. 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Cannon
street.* 3. Kingsland road.* 4. Lime street,
Leadenhall street.* 5. Lombard street.*
6. London Wall.* 7. Long alley, Moorfields.*
8. St. Catharine’s lane.* 9. Wheeler
street, Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Ball court. 1. Giltspur street, without
Newgate.* 2. Mincing lane, Fenchurch
street.* 3. Old Bailey.* 4. Poor Jury lane,
within Aldgate.*
.pm d1
Ball yard. 1. Beech lane.* 2. Giltspur
street.* 3. Golden lane.*
.pm d1
Ballast wharf. 1. Cock hill, Ratcliff. 2.
Lower Shadwell.
.pm d1
Balsover street, Oxford street.†
.pm d1
Bambury court, Long Acre.
// 255.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bancroft’s beautiful Almshouse, School
and Chapel at Mile End, were erected by
the Drapers company in the year 1735,
pursuant to the will of Mr. Francis Bancroft,
who bequeathed to that company
the sum of 28,000l. and upwards, in
real and personal estates, for purchasing a
site, and building upon it an almshouse,
with convenient apartments for twenty-four
almsmen, a chapel, and school room
for 100 poor boys, and two dwelling-houses
for the schoolmasters, and endowing
the same. He also ordered that
each of the almsmen should have 8l. and
half a chaldron of coals yearly, and a
gown of baize every third year; that the
school boys should be cloathed and
taught reading, writing and arithmetic;
that each of the masters, besides their
houses, should have a salary of 30l. per
annum, and the yearly sum of 20l. for
coals and candles, for their use, and that
of the school; with a sufficient allowance
for books, paper, pens and ink;
that the committee of the court of assistants
should have 5l. for a dinner, at
their annual visitation of the almshouse
and school; and that 3l. 10s. should be
given for two half yearly sermons to be
// 256.png
.pn +1
preached in the parish churches of St.
Helen and St. Michael Cornhill, or elsewhere,
in commemoration of this foundation,
at which the almsmen and boys
were to be present. To each of these
boys, when put out apprentices, he gave
4l. but if they were put to service they
were to have no more than 2l. 10s. to buy
them cloaths.
The edifice is not only neat but extremely
elegant, consisting of two wings
and a center detached from both of them.
In the middle of the front is the chapel,
before which is a noble portico, with
Ionic columns, and coupled pilasters
at the corners, supporting a pediment,
in the plane of which is the dial.
There is an ascent to the portico by a
flight of steps, and over the chapel is a
handsome turret. On each side of the
portico, are two houses like those in the
wings. The construction of the wings
is uniform, lofty and convenient: twelve
doors in each open in a regular series,
and the windows are of a moderate size,
numerous, and proportioned to the apartments
they are to enlighten. The
square is surrounded with gravel walks.
with a large grass plat in the middle,
// 257.png
.pn +1
and next the road the wall is adorned
with handsome iron rails and gates. In
short, the ends of the wings next the
road being placed at a considerable distance
from it, the whole is seen in a proper
point of view, and appears to the
greatest advantage.
It is worthy of remark, that this Bancroft,
who left so large a sum for erecting
and endowing this fine hospital, and
even ordered two sermons to be annually
preached in commemoration of his charity,
was, according to the last edition
of Stow’s Survey, one of the Lord
Mayor’s officers, and by informations
and summoning the citizens before the
Lord Mayor, upon the most trifling occasions,
and other things not belonging
to his office, not only pillaged the poor
but also many of the rich, who rather
than lose time in appearing before that
Magistrate, gave money to get rid of this
common pest of the citizens, which, together
with his numerous quarterages
from the brokers, &c. enabled him to
amass annually a considerable sum of
money. But by these and other mercenary
practices, he so incurred the hatred
and ill-will of the citizens of all ranks
// 258.png
.pn +1
and denominations, that the persons who
attended his funeral obsequies, with great
difficulty saved his corpse from being
jostled off the bearers shoulders in the
church, by the enraged populace, who
seizing the bells, rang them for joy at
his unlamented death.
.pm d1
Bandyleg alley, Fleet ditch.║
.pm d1
Bandyleg walk. 1. Maiden lane, near
Deadman’s place.║ 2. Queen street, in the
Park, Southwark.║
.pm d1
Bane court, Cold Bath square.
.pm d1
Bangor court. 1. Shoe lane. 2. White street.
.if h
.il fn=i259.jpg w=407px
.ca
S. Wale J. Green sc. Oxon.
The Bank.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale J. Green sc. Oxon.
The Bank.]
.sp 2
.if-
.pm d1
Bank of England. This is a noble
edifice, situated at the east of St.
Christopher’s church, near the west end
of Threadneedle street. The front next
the street is about 80 feet in length, and
is of the Ionic order raised on a rustic
basement, as is represented in the print,
and is in a good style. Through this
you pass into the court yard, in which
is the hall. This is of the Corinthian
order, and in the middle is a pediment.
The top of the building is adorned with
a balustrade and handsome vases, and in
the face of the above pediment is engraved,
in relievo, the Company’s seal,
Britannia sitting with her shield and
// 259.png
.pn +1
// 260.png
.pn +1
// 261.png
.pn +1
spear, and at her feet a Cornucopia,
pouring out fruit. The hall, which is
in this last building, is 79 feet in length,
and 40 in breadth; it is wainscoted
about eight feet high; has a fine fretwork
ceiling, and is adorned with the statue
of King William III. which stands in a
nich at the upper end; on the pedestal
of which is the following inscription:
.pm epi-start
Ob
Legibus vim,
Judiciis Auctoritatem,
Senatui Dignitatem,
Civibus universis Jura sua,
Tam Sacra, quam Civilia Restituta,
Et illustrissimæ Domus Hannoverianæ
In Imperium Britannicum Successione
Posteris confirmata,
Optimo Principi,
Gulielmo Tertio,
Conditiori suo,
Grato Animo posuit, dicavitque
Hujus Ærarii Societas,
A. C. MDCCXXXIV. harumque Ædium. I.
.pm epi-end
.nf c
In English thus:
.nf-
.pm epi-start
For restoring efficacy to the Laws,
Authority to the Courts of Justice,
// 262.png
.pn +1
Dignity to the Parliament,
To all his Subjects their Religion and Liberties,
And confirming these to Posterity,
By the succession of the illustrious House of Hanover
To the British Throne,
To the best of Princes, William the Third,
Founder of the Bank,
This Corporation, from a Sense of Gratitude,
Has erected this Statue,
And dedicated it to his Memory,
In the Year of our Lord MDCCXXXIV.
And the first Year of this Building.
.pm epi-end
Farther backward is another quadrangle,
with an arcade on the east and
west sides of it; and on the north side
is the accomptant’s office, which is 60
feet long, and 28 feet broad. Over
this, and the other sides of the quadrangle,
are handsome apartments, with
a fine staircase adorned with fretwork,
and under it are large vaults, that have
strong walls and iron gates, for the preservation
of the cash. The back entrance
from Bartholomew lane is by a
grand gateway, which opens into a commodious
and spacious court yard for
coaches, or waggons, that frequently
come loaded with gold and silver bullion;
// 263.png
.pn +1
and in the room fronting the gate
the transfer office is kept.
The Bank was established by act of
Parliament in the year 1693, under the
title of The Governor and Company of the
Bank of England, in consideration of a
loan of 1,200,000l. granted to the government,
for which the subscribers received
eight per cent. By this charter,
the Company are not to borrow under
their common seal, unless by act of parliament;
they are not to trade, or suffer
any person in trust for them to trade in
goods or merchandize; but may deal in
bills of exchange, in buying or selling
bullion, and foreign gold, or silver coin,
&c.
By an act passed in the 8th and 9th
years of the reign of King William III.
they were empowered to enlarge their
capital to 2,201,171l. 10s. It was then
also enacted, that bank stock should be
a personal and not a real estate; that
no contract, either in word or writing,
for buying or selling bank stock, should
be good in law, unless registered in the
books of the bank within seven days,
and the stock transferred within fourteen
days; and that it should be felony,
// 264.png
.pn +1
without benefit of clergy, to counterfeit
the common seal of the Bank, any sealed
bank bill, any bank note, or to alter or
erase such bills or notes.
In the 7th of Queen Anne, the Company
were, by another act, impowered
to increase their capital to 4,402,343l.
and at the same time they advanced
400,000l. more to the government; and
in 1714, they advanced the sum of
1,500,000l.
In the third year of the reign of King
George I. the interest of their capital
was reduced to 5l. per cent. when the
Bank agreed to deliver up as many Exchequer
bills as amounted to two millions,
and to accept of an annuity of
100,000l. per annum. It was also declared
lawful for the Bank to call for
from their members, in proportion to
their interests in the capital stock, such
sums, as in a general court should be
found necessary; but if any member
should neglect to pay his share of the
money so called for, at the time appointed,
by notice in the London Gazette
and fixed up in the Royal Exchange, it
should be lawful for the Bank, not only
to stop the dividend of such member,
// 265.png
.pn +1
and to apply it towards the payment of
the money so called for, but also to stop
the transfers of such defaulter, and to
charge him with an interest of 5l. per
cent. per annum, for the money so omitted
to be paid; and if the principal and
interest should be three months unpaid,
the Bank should have power to sell so
much of the stock belonging to the defaulter
as would satisfy the same. This
stock is now called Bank Circulation,
every proprietor of which receives 5l.
per cent. per annum, but is obliged to
advance, if called for, 1000l. for every
100l. so paid in.
The Bank afterwards consented to
have the interest of two millions still
due from the government, reduced
from 5 to 4 per cent. The Company
also purchased several other annuities,
that were afterwards redeemed by the
government, and the national debt due
to the Bank was reduced to 1,600,000.
At length in 1742, the Company
agreed to supply the government with
1,600,000l. at 3l. per cent., by which
means the government became indebted
to the Company 3,200,000l. the one
half carrying 4, and the other 3 per cent.
// 266.png
.pn +1
In 1746, the Company consented that
the sum of 986,800l. due to them in
Exchequer bills unsatisfied, on the duties
for licences to sell spirituous liquors
by retail, should be cancelled, and in
lieu thereof to accept of an annuity
of 39,442l. the interest of that sum at
4l. per cent. The Company also agreed
to advance the farther sum of 1,000,000l.
upon the credit of the duties arising
by the malt and land tax, at 4l. per
cent. for Exchequer bills to be issued
for that purpose, in consideration of
which the Company were enabled to
augment their capital with 986,800l.
the interest of which, as well as that
of the other annuities, was reduced to
3l. 10s. per cent. till the 25th of December
1757, and from that time they
carry only 3l. per cent.
In short, several other sums have
since been raised by the Bank for the
service of the government: but the
above is sufficient to give a full idea
of the nature of the several species of
annuities; only it may be proper to
add, that what is called Bank Stock
is entirely distinct from these, and may
not improperly be termed, the trading
// 267.png
.pn +1
stock of the Company, since with this
they discount bills, and deal very largely
in foreign gold, &c. which they only
buy by weight, which trade is so very
considerable, as to render a share in
this stock very valuable, tho’ it is not
equal in value to the East India stock.
The Company make dividends of the
profits half yearly. Pocket Library.
.tb
The transfer days at the Bank altered
in 1758, are now as follows:
.in 2
.nf l
Bank stock, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
Reduced annuities, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Three per cent. 1726, }
Consolidated annuities, } ditto.
Three per cent. 1757, }
Three ½ per cent. 1756, }
Three ½ per cent. 1758, } Tu. and T
.nf-
.in 0
The hour of transfer is from eleven
to twelve o’clock, and the hours of payment
of dividends from nine to eleven,
and from twelve to one; except on the
following Holidays.
// 268.png
.pn +1
.sp 2
.nf c
Holidays at the Bank.
.nf-
.ta r:10 |l:20
January |
1 | Circumcision
6 | Epiphany
25 | St. Paul.
30 | K. Charles I. Mart.
_
Feb. |
2 | Purific. V. Mary
24 | St. Matthias
_
Mar. |
25 | Lady Day
_
April |
23 | St. George
25 | St. Mark
26 | D. of Cumb. born
_
May|
1 | St. Philip & Jac.
29 | K. Ch. II. restor.
_
June|
4 | Pr. Wales born
11 | St. Barnabas
21 | Midsummer Day
22 | Inaug. K. Geo. II.
24 | St. John Baptist
26 | K. Geo. II. pro.
29 | St. Peter & Paul
_
July|
25 | St. James
_
Aug.|
1 | Lammas Day
24 | St. Bartholomew
_
Sept.|
2 | London burnt
21 | St. Matthew
29 | St. Michael
_
Oct.|
18 | St. Luke
22 | K. Geo. II. crown.
28 | St. Simon & Jude
_
November|
1 | All Saints
2 | All Souls
4 | K. William born
5 | Powder Plot
9 | Ld. Mayor’s Day
10 | K. Geo. II. born
28 | Q. Elizabeth’s Ac.
30 | Pr. Wales born
_
December|
21 | St. Thomas
25 | Christmas Day
26 | St. Stephen
27 | St. John
28 | Innocents
.ta-
.sp 2
.nf c
Moveable Holidays.
.nf-
.sp 2
.in 2
.nf l
Shrove Tuesday.
Ash Wednesday.
Good Friday.
Easter Monday.
Easter Tuesday.
Easter Wednesday.
Ascension Day.
Whitsun Monday.
Whitsun Tuesday.
Whitsun Wednesday.
.nf-
.sp 2
This Company is under the direction
of a Governor, Deputy Governor and
// 269.png
.pn +1
twenty-four Directors, who are annually
elected at a general court, in the same
manner as the Governor and the Directors
of the East India company. Thirteen
are sufficient to compose a court of Directors,
for managing the affairs of the
Company; but if both the Governor
and Deputy Governor should be absent
two hours after the usual time of proceeding
to business, the Directors may
chuse a chairman by majority, all their
acts being equally valid, as if the Governor
or Deputy Governor were present.
.pm d1
Bank End stairs, Bank side.
.pm d1
Bank Side row. 1. Millbank. 2. Vine street,
Southwark.
.pm d1
Bank’s court. Knave’s acre.†
.pm d1
Bank’s yard, Bunhill row.†
.pm d1
Banner’s rents, Portpool lane.†
.pm d1
Bannister’s yard, Water lane, Black
Friars.†
.pm d1
Bannister’s alley. 1. Broad St. Giles’s.†
2. Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.†
.if h
.il fn=i271.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wales delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
Banqueting House.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wales delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
Banqueting House.]
.sp 2
.if-
.pm d1
Banqueting House, Whitehall, so called
from there being originally in
this place an edifice in which our
Kings had public entertainments. This
was a small part of the ancient palace of
// 270.png
.pn +1
Whitehall, which was destroyed by fire
in 1697, and only the Banqueting House,
and one court left standing. See the
article Whitehall.
In the reign of King James I. the
Banqueting House being in a ruinous
condition, that Monarch formed the design
of erecting a palace on the spot,
worthy the residence of the Kings of
England. The celebrated Inigo Jones
was employed to draw the plan of a noble
edifice; this was done, and the present
structure erected, as a small part of
the great intended work, for the reception
of ambassadors, and other audiences
of state. The engraved view of it,
which is here given, will best illustrate
what follows.
This is a regular and august building
which has three stories. The lowest
has a rustic wall, with small square
windows, and by its strength happily
serves for a basis for the orders. Upon
this is raised the Ionic, with columns
and pilasters, and between the columns
are well-proportioned windows, with
arched and pointed pediments. Over
these is placed the proper entablature,
and on this is raised a second series of
// 271.png
.pn +1
// 272.png
.pn +1
// 273.png
.pn +1
the Corinthian order, consisting of columns
and pilasters like the other; column
being placed over column, and pilaster
over pilaster. From the capitals
are carried festoons, which meet with
masks and other ornaments in the middle.
This series is also crowned with its proper
entablature, on which is raised the balustrade
with Attic pedestals between, which
crown the work. Every thing in this
building is finely proportioned, and as
happily executed. The projection of the
columns from the wall has a fine effect
in the entablatures, which being brought
forward in the same proportion, gives
that happy diversity of light and shade
so essential to fine architecture. English
Architecture.
To render this edifice as perfect as
possible, the ceiling is finely painted by
the celebrated Sir Peter Paul Rubens,
who was ambassador here in the time
of Charles I. The subject is the entrance,
inauguration, and coronation of
King James I. represented by Pagan
emblems. It is esteemed one of his
most capital performances, and may be
justly esteemed one of the finest ceilings
// 274.png
.pn +1
in the world. This great apartment is
at present converted into a chapel,
for the service of which certain select
preachers were appointed out of each
university, by King George I. to preach
here every Sunday; for this each are allowed
a stipend of 30l. a year.
.pm d1
Bansted, a village in Surrey, situated between
Dorking and Croydon, famous for
producing a great number of walnuts;
but much more for its neighbouring
Downs, one of the most delightful
spots in England, on account of the
agreeable seats in that neighbourhood;
for the extensive prospect of several counties
on both sides the Thames, and even
of the royal palaces of Windsor and
Hampton Court; and for the fineness of
the turf, covered with a short grass intermixed
with thyme, and other fragrant
herbs, that render the mutton of this
tract, though small, remarkable for its
sweetness. In these Downs there is a
four miles course for horse races, which
is much frequented.
.pm d1
Baptists, a sect of dissenters, thus denominated
from their baptizing by immersing
the body all over, and from
// 275.png
.pn +1
their not considering infants as proper
subjects of baptism. They are
principally divided into two classes,
termed general and particular. The
general Baptists, who with Arminius
maintain the doctrine of universal redemption,
consist of only six congregations,
who have their meeting-houses
as follows:
1. Fair street, Horsely down. 2. Glasshouse
yard, Pickax street, near Aldersgate
bars. 3. Mill yard, Rosemary
lane. 4. Pinner’s hall, Broad street, in
the afternoon. 5. Paul’s alley, Redcross
street, where are two different
congregations, who maintain their own
Minister. 6. Queen street, in the Park,
Southwark.
The particular Baptists, who with
Calvin believe that none will be saved
but the elect, and that all the rest of
mankind are doomed to eternal misery,
are much more numerous, and have the
following meetings.
1. Angel alley, Whitechapel. 2.
Artillery street, Spitalfields. 3. Brewers
hall, Addle street. 4. Cherry
Garden lane, Rotherhith. 5. Church
lane, Limehouse. 6. Collier’s rents, White
// 276.png
.pn +1
street, Southwark. 7. Curriers court,
near Cripplegate. 8. Devonshire square,
Bishopsgate street without. 9. Dipping
alley, Horselydown, Southwark. 10.
Duke’s street, near Pepper street. 11. Eagle
street, Red lion street, Holborn. 12.
Flower de luce yard, Tooley street. 13.
Glasshouse street, Swallow street. 14.
Goat yard passage, Horselydown. 15.
Johnson’s street, Old Gravel lane.
16. Little Wild street, Great Wild street.
17. Little Wood street, Cripplegate.
18. Maze Pond street, Southwark.
19. Maidenhead court, Great Eastcheap.
20. New Way, Maze, Southwark.
21. Pennington’s street, Virginia street.
22. Pepper street, Southwark. 23. Rose
lane, Limehouse. 24. Rosemary branch
alley, Rosemary lane. 25. Rotherhith.
26. St. John’s court, Little Hart street.
27. Sheer’s alley, White street, Southwark.
28. Snow fields. 29. Unicorn
yard, St. Olave’s. 30. Union yard,
Horselydown lane. 31. Vinegar row,
Shoreditch.
.pm d1
Baptist court, by Boswell court, Carey
street.*
.pm d1
Baptist’s Head court, Whitecross
street.*
// 277.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Barbers. The art of surgery was anciently
practised in this city by none
but the Barbers, who were incorporated
by letters patent granted by King Edward
IV. in the Year 1461, and in
1512 an act was passed to prevent any
persons besides the Barbers practising
surgery within the city of London, and
seven miles round. At length several
persons, who were not Barbers, being
examined and admitted as practitioners
in the art of surgery, the parliament
united them in the thirty-second year of
the reign of King Henry VIII. by the
appellation of the Masters or Governors of
the mystery or commonalty of Barbers and
Surgeons of the city of London; and by
this act all persons practising the art of
shaving, are strictly enjoined not to intermeddle
with that of surgery, except
what belongs to drawing of teeth.
Thus this company obtained the name
of Barber-Surgeons, which they continued
to enjoy till the eighteenth year of
the reign of his present Majesty King
George II. when the Surgeons applying
to Parliament to have this union dissolved,
were formed into a separate company;
though the Barbers were left in
// 278.png
.pn +1
possession of the hall and theatre, and
were constituted a body politic, under
the name of the Master, Governors and
Commonalty of the mystery of Barbers of
London.
This company has a Master and three
other Governors, a court of Assistants of
twenty-four members, and a very numerous
livery.
.pm d1
Barbers Hall, a fine edifice on the west
side of Monkwell street, consisting of a
spacious hall room, a court room, theatre,
library, and other commodious offices.
The grand entrance from Monkwell
street is enriched with the company’s
arms, large fruit, and other decorations.
The court room has a fretwork ceiling,
and is also adorned with the pictures of
King Henry VIII. and the court of Assistants,
in one fine piece; a portrait of
King Charles II. and other paintings. The
theatre contains four degrees of cedar
seats, one above another, in an elliptical
form, and the roof is an elliptical cupola;
this room is adorned with a bust
of King Charles I. the figures of the
seven liberal sciences, and the twelve
signs of the Zodiac; the skins of a
man and woman on wooden frames, in
// 279.png
.pn +1
imitation of Adam and Eve; the figure
of a man flayed, done after the life, all
the muscles appearing in their due
place, and proportion; the skeleton of
an ostrich; an human skeleton, with
copper joints, and five other skeletons
of human bodies. But as this furniture
was introduced by the Surgeons, it is
now of no use, and the theatre is entirely
deserted.
This Hall is one of the works of that
great architect Inigo Jones, and is a
masterpiece in its kind, that elegant simplicity
which characterises all his works,
giving the spectator the highest satisfaction.
.pm d1
Barber’s alley, Brown’s lane, Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Barber’s Pole alley, St. Margaret’s hill,
Southwark.*
.pm d1
Barbican, Aldersgate street, so called
from a high watch tower which stood
there, from which a view might be
taken of the whole city. Barbican, according
to Camden, being an Arabic
word signifying a watch tower.
.pm d1
Bare lane, Gravel lane.
.pm d1
Baremere’s Almshouse, in Almshouse
yard, Hoxton, which was built about
the year 1701, by the Rev. Mr. Baremere,
// 280.png
.pn +1
a Presbyterian Minister, for eight
poor women, who have no other allowance
but half a chaldron of coals each
per annum. Maitland.
.pm d1
Bare yard, Bucklersbury.
.pm d1
Barehouse yard, Silver street, Wood
street.
.pm d1
Barker’s rents, Paul’s alley, Red cross
street.†
.pm d1
Barking, a large market town in Essex,
situated ten miles from London, on a
creek that leads to the Thames, from
whence fish is sent up in boats to London,
the town being chiefly inhabited
by fishermen. The parish has been so
much enlarged by lands recovered from
the Thames, and the river Rothing,
which runs on the west side of the
town, that it has two chapels of ease,
one at Ilford, and another called New
chapel, on the side of Epping forest, and
the great and small tithes are computed
at above 600l. per annum. At a small
distance from the town, in the way to
Dagenham, stood a large old house,
where the gunpowder plot is said to
have been formed.
.pm d1
Barking alley, Tower street, by Tower hill,
// 281.png
.pn +1
so called from the church of Allhallows,
Barking.
.pm d1
Barlam’s mews, New Bond street.†
.pm d1
Barlow’s court, Coal yard, Broad St.
Giles’s.
.pm d1
Barnaby street, Tooley street, Southwark.
.pm d1
Barnes, a village in Surrey, almost encompassed
by the Thames. It lies between
Mortlake and Barn Elms, and is
seven miles from London, and five from
Kingston.
.pm d1
Barnet, a market town in Hertfordshire,
situated in the road to St. Alban’s, eleven
miles from London, on the top of a
hill, whence it is called High Barnet,
and also Chipping, or Cheaping Barnet,
from King Henry the Second’s granting
the monks of St. Alban’s the privilege
of holding a market here; the word
Cheap, or Chepe, being an ancient word
for a market. As this place is a great
thoroughfare, it is well supplied with
inns. The church is a chapel of ease
to the village of East Barnet. Here is
a free school founded by Q. Elizabeth,
and endowed partly by that Princess,
and partly by Alderman Owen, of London,
whose additional endowment is
paid by the Fishmongers company, who
// 282.png
.pn +1
appoint 24 governors, by whom the
master and usher are chosen to teach
seven children gratis, and all the other
children of the parish for 5s a quarter.
Here is also an almshouse founded and
endowed by James Ravenscroft, Esq;
for six widows.
This place is remarkable for the decisive
battle fought there between the
houses of York and Lancaster, on Easter
day, 1468, in which the great Earl of
Warwick, stiled the Setter up, and Puller
down of Kings, was slain, with many
others of the principal nobility. The
place supposed to be the field of battle,
is a green spot, a little before the meeting
of the St. Alban’s and Hatfield roads:
and here, in the year 1740, a stone column
was erected, on which is inscribed
a long account of that battle.
.pm d1
Barnet (East) a pleasant village in
Hertfordshire, near Whetstone and Enfield
Chace, formerly much frequented
on account of its medicinal spring, which
was discovered in a neighbouring common
about an hundred years ago.
The church is a mean edifice; but the
rectory is very beneficial.
Here is the fine seat of the Lord
// 283.png
.pn +1
Trevor, to which Queen Elizabeth
gave the name of Mount Pleasant.
.pm d1
Barnet’s yard, Mill bank.†
.pm d1
Baron’s Almshouse, in Elbow lane,
Shadwell, was founded in the year 1682,
by George Baron, for fifteen poor women,
who also endowed it with 5l. 4s.
per annum for bread.
.pm d1
Barrat’s rents, Stepney Causeway.†
.pm d1
Barret’s court, Horselydown, Fair street.†
.pm d1
Barrow’s rents, Windmill hill.†
.pm d1
Bartholomew close, near Smithfield,
so called from its being situated near the
church of St. Bartholomew the Great.
.pm d1
Bartholomew court. 1. Houndsditch.
2. Throgmorton street.
.pm d1
St. Bartholomew’s Church, situated at
the south east corner of Bartholomew
lane, behind the Royal Exchange, was
one of the churches consumed in the
general conflagration in 1666, and this
structure arose in its place. It consists
of a very irregular body, with a tower
suited to it, the top of which, instead
of pinnacles, a spire, or turrets, is
crowned with arches, supported by
columns of the Corinthian order. It
is a rectory, in the gift of the Crown,
// 284.png
.pn +1
and the Rector receives 100l. a year in
lieu of tithes.
.pm d1
Bartholomew lane, extends from Threadneedle
street to Lothbury, and is so
named from St. Bartholomew’s church
at the corner.
.pm d1
St. Bartholomew the Great, situated
near the east end of Duck lane, on the
north east side of Smithfield, escaped
the flames in 1666, and is a large plain
church, with a tower crowned with a
turret. It is a rectory in the patronage
of the Earl of Holland, The Rector’s
profits, besides casualties, amount to
about 60l. per annum.
.pm d1
St. Bartholomew the Less, is seated on
the south east side of Smithfield, adjoining
to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. It
was founded in the year 1102, and belonged
to the neighbouring convent of
the same name; but as it was not destroyed
by the fire in 1666, it remains
in the same state it was in before that
dreadful calamity. It is a low building,
composed of brick and rough stone
plaistered; and consists of a roofed body
with Gothic windows, and a tower
with a corner turret. This church is
// 285.png
.pn +1
a vicarage, in the gift of the Lord
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council,
who upon receiving the grant of the
church and hospital, covenanted to pay
the Vicar 13l. 6s. 8d. per annum, which,
with an allowance from the hospital,
and casualties, amounts to about 120l.
per annum.
.pm d1
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, on the
south east of Smithfield, for the cure of
the poor, sick and lame, formerly belonged
to the Priory of St. Bartholomew
in Smithfield; but both the priory and
hospital being dissolved by K. Henry VIII.
that Monarch, in the last year of his
reign, founded the hospital anew, and
endowed it with the annual revenue of
500 marks, upon condition that the
city should pay the same sum, which
proposal was readily embraced, and the
managers of this foundation were incorporated
by the name of The Hospital of
the Mayor, Commonalty and Citizens of
London, Governors for the poor, called
Little St. Bartholomew’s, near West Smithfield.
Since that time the hospital has
received prodigious benefactions from
great numbers of charitable persons, by
which means not only the poor of London
// 286.png
.pn +1
and Southwark, but the distressed
of any other parts of the King’s dominions,
and from foreign countries, are
taken in, whether sick or maimed, and
have lodging, food, attendance, and
medicines, with the advice and assistance
of some of the best Physicians and
Surgeons in the kingdom, who belong
to the hospital, and attend the patients
as occasion requires; they have also
matrons and nurses, to look after and
assist them; and at their discharge when
cured, some, who live at a considerable
distance, are relieved with money, cloaths,
and other necessaries, to enable them to
return to their several habitations. Pity
it is that so noble and humane a foundation
should want any thing to render it
perfect, and that every sick person who
is admitted, except such as have suffered
by sudden accidents, as the fracture or
dislocation of a bone, should be obliged
to deposit or give security for the payment
of a guinea, in case of death, in
order to defray the expence of the funeral;
for by this some of the poorest and
most miserable, and consequently the
most proper objects, are unhappily excluded
from reaping the benefit they
// 287.png
.pn +1
might otherwise receive from it: but
this is also the case of several of the other
hospitals of this city; however many
thousands of persons labouring under
the most dreadful diseases and wounds,
are annually cured at this hospital, and
in those of Kent street in Southwark,
and the Lock at Kingsland, both of
which are dependent on it. Besides all
this, there are great numbers of out-patients,
who receive advice and medicines
gratis.
The ancient hospital which escaped
the fire of London becoming ruinous, it
was found absolutely necessary in the
year 1729 to rebuild it; a plan for that
purpose was formed, and a grand edifice
erected, by subscription, which was designed
to be only one out of four noble
detached piles of building, to be afterwards
raised, about a court or area 250
feet in length, and 60 in breadth.
The original design is now nearly
compleated, and this hospital altogether
forms a very elegant building, or rather
buildings, for the sides which compose
the quadrangle do not join at the angles,
as is usual, but by four walls, each
having a large gate which admits you
// 288.png
.pn +1
into the area, as may be seen in the
print. Here is a staircase painted and
given by Mr. Hogarth, containing two
pictures with figures large as the life,
which for truth of colouring and expression
may vie with any thing of its
kind in Europe. The subject of the
one is the Good Samaritan, the other
the Pool of Bethesda.
.pm d1
Bartlet’s buildings, Holborn.†
.pm d1
Bartlet’s court. 1. Bartlet’s street.†
2. Holborn hill.†
.pm d1
Bartlet’s passage, Fetter lane.†
.pm d1
Bartlet’s street, Red Lion street, Clerkenwell.†
.pm d1
Barton street, Cowley street, Westminster.†
.pm d1
Barton’s rents, Shoreditch.†
.pm d1
Bartram’s yard, Nightingale lane.†
.pm d1
Basinghall, a very ancient building
now called Blackwell hall, which see.
.pm d1
Basinghall court, Basinghall street.†
.if h
.il fn=i289.jpg w=600px
.ca
S Wale del. B. Green sculp.
S^t. Bartholomew’s Hospital.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S Wale del. B. Green sculp.
S^t. Bartholomew’s Hospital.]
.sp 2
.if-
.pm d1
Basinghall street, Cateaton street, extends
on the east and north sides of
Blackwell hall, anciently called Basing
hall. Tho’ this street is neither uniform
nor regularly built, it has many handsome
houses inhabited by merchants.
It received its name from its belonging
// 289.png
.pn +1
// 290.png
.pn +1
// 291.png
.pn +1
to the family of the Basings. Stow.
See Blackwell Hall.
.pm d1
Basing lane, Bread street, Cheapside.†
.pm d1
Basket alley, 1. Golden lane. 2. Goswell
street.
.pm d1
Basket-makers, a fraternity by prescription,
and not by charter; however,
they have the honour of being reckoned
one of the city companies. This community
is governed by two Wardens and
forty-eight Assistants; but has neither
livery nor hall.
.pm d1
Basshaw’s rents, Love lane, Bank side,
Southwark,
.pm d1
Bassishaw ward, so called from a corruption
of Basinghall, once the principal
house in it, is bounded on the north by
Cripplegate ward, on the west by that
and Cheap wards, and on the south and
east by Coleman street ward. See the
article Blackwell Hall.
This ward is very small, it only consisting
of Basinghall street. Its principal
buildings are St. Michael’s church,
also called Bassishaw church; Blackwell
hall; Coopers hall; Masons hall; and
Weavers hall.
It is governed by an Alderman, his
Deputy, four Common Council men,
// 292.png
.pn +1
seventeen wardmote inquestmen, two
scavengers, two constables, and a beadle:
and the jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest
in this ward, serve in the
several courts of Guildhall in the month
of March.
.pm d1
Batch’s walk, Ratcliff highway.†
.pm d1
Bateman’s bridge yard, Upper Ground
street, Southwark.†
.pm d1
Bateman’s street, May fair.†
.pm d1
Battersby court, near King street, Westminster.†
.pm d1
Battersey, a village in Surrey, situated
on the river Thames, four miles from
London, and at the same distance from
Richmond. The gardens about this
place are noted for producing the finest
asparagus. It gave the title of baron to
the late Lord Viscount St. John, who
had a seat here, which is a plain old
building. Here Sir Walter St. John
founded a free school for twenty boys.
.pm d1
Bates street, Ratcliff highway.†
.pm d1
Bath court, Queen street.
.pm d1
Bath street. 1. Cold Bath fields, thus
named from the Cold Bath near it.
2. Welbeck street, thus named from the
Earl of Bath.
// 293.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Battlebridge. 1. Gray’s inn lane, 2. Mill
lane, Tooley street, Southwark; it was
so called from Battle’s abbey; it standing
over a water-course, which flows
out of the Thames, and formerly belonged
to that abbey. This bridge was
therefore built and repaired by the Abbots
of that house. Stow.
.pm d1
Battlebridge stairs, near Mill lane,
Tooley street.
.pm d1
Batt’s rents, Whitechapel Common.†
.pm d1
Baxter’s court, Church street, Hackney.†
.pm d1
Baynard’s castle lane, Thames street,
so called from a castle of that name built
there by William Baynard Lord of Dunmow.
Camden.
.pm d1
Bayning’s Almshouse, in Gunpowder
alley, Crutched Friars, was erected in
the year 1631, by Paul Viscount Sudbury,
for ten poor housekeepers; but
being surrendered to the parish, they
have made it their almshouse.
.pm d1
Beach lane, Whitecross street, Cripplegate‡
.pm d1
Beaconsfield, a small town in Buckinghamshire,
in the road to Oxford, about 23
miles from London. It has several good
inns, and is remarkable for being the
birth-place of Mr. Waller, the celebrated
poet, who had a great estate, and a
// 294.png
.pn +1
handsome seat here, which is still in
the possession of Edmund Waller, Esq;
his descendant. There is a fine monument
erected in the church yard, to the
memory of Mr. Waller the poet.
.pm d1
Beadles court, Eagle street, Holborn.
.pm d1
Beak street, Swallow street, Piccadilly, so
called from most of the houses belonging
to Col. Beak.
.pm d1
Beal’s wharf, Mill street, Tooley street.†
.pm d1
Bear alley. 1. Addle hill, Thames street.*
2. Fleet ditch.* 3. London wall.*
.pm d1
Bear court, Butcher row, Ratcliff.*
.pm d1
Bearbinder lane, Swithin’s lane, Cannon
street.
.pm d1
Bear Garden, Bank side, Southwark.
.pm d1
Bear lane, Gravel lane, Southwark.†
.pm d1
Bear Key, or Bear quay, near the Custom
house. There are two streets of
this name, Great and Little Bear Key,
which lead from Thames street to the
water side. On the key opposite to
them, are landed vast quantities of corn,
and formerly much bear, a small sort of
barley, now little used in England; tho’
a great deal of it is brewed into ale and
beer in Dublin, and from this grain
Bear key undoubtedly took its name.
.pm d1
Bear Key stairs, Bear key.
// 295.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bear’s court, Butcher row, Ratcliff cross.
.pm d1
Bear’s Foot alley, Bank side.
.pm d1
Bear street, Leicester fields.
.pm d1
Bear yard. 1. Fore street, Lambeth.* 2.
Long walk, King John’s court.* 3.
Silver street.* 4. Vere street, Claremarket.*
.pm d1
Bear and Harrow court, Butcher row,
Temple bar.*
.pm d1
Bear and Ragged Staff court, Drury
lane.*
.pm d1
Bear and Ragged Staff yard, Whitecross
street, Cripplegate.*
.pm d1
Beardley’s yard, Wapping wall.†
.pm d1
Beauchamp street, Leather lane, Holborn.†
.pm d1
Beaufort’s buildings, in the Strand.†
.pm d1
Beck’s rents. 1. Ropemaker’s fields, Limehouse.†
2. Rosemary lane, Little
Tower hill.†
Lords of the Bedchamber, fourteen officers
of great distinction, under the
Lord Chamberlain; the first of whom
is Groom of the Stole. They are usually
persons of the highest quality, and their
office is, each in his turn, to wait one
week in the King’s bedchamber, and
there to lie all night on a pallet bed by
the King, and to supply the place of the
Groom of the Stole in his absence. They
// 296.png
.pn +1
also wait upon the King when he eats
in private; for the cupbearers, carvers,
and sewers do not then wait. The
Groom of the Stole has 2000l. a year,
and the rest of the Lords of the Bedchamber
1000l. a year each. See Groom
of the Stole.
Grooms of the Bedchamber, eight officers
of considerable rank under the Lords of
the bedchamber, each of whom has a
salary of 500l. per annum.
.pm d1
Beddington, in Surrey, the seat and
manor of the ancient family of the
Carews, is a noble edifice; but the
wings are too deep for the body of the
house; for they should either have been
placed at a greater distance, or not have
been so long. The court before them
is fine, as is the canal in the park, which
lies before this court, and has a river
running through it. All the flat part
of the park is taken up with very fine
gardens, which extend in vistas two or
three miles. The orangery is said to
be the only one in England that is
planted in the natural ground, and the
trees, which are above an hundred years
old, were brought out of Italy by Sir
Francis Carew, Bart. They are, however,
// 297.png
.pn +1
secured in the winter by moveable
covers. The pleasure house, which
was also built by Sir Francis, has the
famous Spanish Armada painted on the
top of it, and under it is a cold bath.
The church is a beautiful small Gothic
pile, built of stone, in the north and
south isles of which are several stalls
after the manner of cathedrals: and
here is also two charity schools, one for
boys, and the other for girls.
.pm d1
Bedford buildings, near Gray’s inn.
.pm d1
Bedfordbury, Chandos street.
.pm d1
Bedford court. 1. Bedford street, Covent
Garden. 2. Red Lion street, Holborn.
3. In the Strand.
.pm d1
Bedford House. See Bloomsbury
square.
.pm d1
Bedford mews, a street of stables near
Grays inn walks.
.pm d1
Bedford passage, Southampton street.
.pm d1
Bedford row, near Gray’s inn.
.pm d1
Bedford street. 1. Covent garden, a handsome
broad street. It takes its name
from the Duke of Bedford, who is at
least ground landlord. 2. Red Lion
street, Holborn; a very handsome strait
and well built street, inhabited by persons
of distinction.
// 298.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bedlam, or Bethlehem Hospital.
See Bethlem.
.pm d1
Bednal, or Bethnal Green. See
Bethnal Green.
.pm d1
Bednal, or Bethnal Green road, Mile
End.
.pm d1
Bedward’s court, White street.†
.pm d1
Beehive alley, Snow hill.*
.pm d1
Beehive court, Little St. Thomas Apostles.*
.pm d1
Beer lane, a crooked lane leading from
Tower street into Thames street, opposite
the Custom house.
.pm d1
Beggar’s Alms alley, Rosemary lane.
.pm d1
Beggar’s Bush yard, Gravel lane.
.pm d1
Beggar’s hill, Maid lane, Southwark.
.pm d1
Bell alley. 1. Aldersgate street without.*
2. Austin Friars.* 3. Budge row.* 4.
Canon street, Walbrook.* 5. Coleman
street, Lothbury, where there are two allies
of this name.* 6. Dean street, Ratcliff
highway.* 7. Dock head.* 8. Fenchurch
street.* 9. Golden lane.* 10. Goswell
street.* 11. Great Carter lane.* 12. Great
Eastcheap.* 13. Green alley, Tooley
street.* 14. Kingsland road.* 15. King
street, Westminster.* 16. Labour-in-vain
hill, Thames street.* 17. Lamb street.*
18. New stairs, Wapping.* 19. Old
Bedlam.* 20. Old street.* 21. Saffron
// 299.png
.pn +1
hill.* 22. Snow hill.* 23. Spital yard.*
24. Thieving lane.* 25. Tooley street,
Southwark.* 26. Turnmill street.* 27.
Walbrook.*
.pm d1
Bell yard, Bishopsgate street, without.*
.pm d1
Bell and Bear alley, Great Eastcheap.*
.pm d1
Bell court. 1. Gray’s inn lane.* 2. Great
Carter lane.* 3. Grub street.* 4. Moorfields.*
5. St. Martin’s le grand.* 6. Thomas
street.
.pm d1
Bell dock, Wapping.*
.pm d1
Bell lane. 1. Lisham green.* 2. By Crispin
street, Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Bell wharf. 1. Tooley street. 2. Lower
Shadwell.*
.pm d1
Bell wharf stairs. 1. Lower Shadwell.*
2. Thames street.*
.pm d1
Bell inn yard. 1. St. Margaret’s hill.*
2. In the Strand.*
.pm d1
Bell Savage inn yard, Ludgate hill. This
inn was so called from its being kept
by Isabella Savage, who was called in
French Belle Sauvage, or lovely Savage.
Fullers Church Hist.
.pm d1
Bell yard. 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Coleman
street.* 3. Fleet street.* 4. Fore street,
Lambeth.* 5. Gracechurch street.* 6.
Great Carter lane.* 7. King’s street,
// 300.png
.pn +1
Westminster.* 8. Little St. Martin’s
lane, Charing cross.* 9. Long alley,
Moorfields.* 10. Mincing lane.* 11.
Mount street.* 12. New Fish street hill.*
13. Old Fish street hill.* 14. Rosemary
lane.* 15. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.*
16. Stony lane.* 17. Vine street.*
18. Whitechapel.* 19. Whitehorse street,
Ratcliff.*
.pm d1
Bell’s alley, St. Catherine’s lane.†
.pm d1
Bell’s court, St. Michael’s lane.
.pm d1
Bell’s rents. 1. Barnaby street.† 2. Mint
street.†
.pm d1
Bell’s wharf, Millbank.†
.pm d1
Bellows yard. 1. In Fore street.* 2. In
the Minories.*
.pm d1
Belsyse, in Middlesex, is situated on the
south west side of Hampstead hill, and
was a fine seat belonging to the Lord
Wotton, and afterwards to the late Earl
of Chesterfield: but in the year 1720,
it was converted into a place of polite
entertainment, particularly for music,
dancing, and play, when it was much
frequented on account of its neighbourhood
to London: but since that time
it has been suffered to run to ruin.
// 301.png
.pn +1
// 302.png
.pn +1
.if h
.il fn=i302.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale del. B. Green sculp.
Belvedere House.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale del. B. Green sculp.
Belvedere House.]
.sp 2
.if-
// 303.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Belvedere House, this belongs to
Sampson Gideon, Esq; is situated on the
brow of a hill, near Erith in Kent, and
commands a vast extent of a fine country
many miles beyond the Thames,
which is about a mile and half distant.
This river and navigation add greatly
to the beauty of this scene, which exhibits
to the eye of the delighted spectator,
as pleasing a landskip of the
kind as imagination can form. The
innumerable ships employed in the immense
trade of London, are beheld continually
sailing up and down the river.
On the other side are prospects not less
beautiful, tho’ of another kind. This
gentleman has very judiciously laid out
his grounds, and made many beautiful
vistas. The house is but small, tho’ an
addition has been made of a very noble
room; this and two others are finely furnish’d
with pictures, of which follows
a catalogue. The collection, though not
numerous, is very valuable, it containing
none but pieces which are originals by
the greatest masters, and some of them
very capital.
// 304.png
.pn +1
.sp 2
.nf c
In the Long Parlour.
.nf-
.ta h:20 |r:10 |r:10 |l:20
|Height. Feet Inc. | Breadth. Feet Inc. | Painted by
View of Venice | | |
Ditto, with the Doge marrying the sea| 2. | 4 6 |Canaletti.
Its companion | | |
Time bringing truth to light, a sketch| 2 5 | 3 0 |Rubens.
The Alchymist | 3 1 | 4 2 |Teniers.
Portrait of Sir John Gage | 3 1 | 2 7 |Holbein.
A landskip | 2 0 | 2 4 |G. Poussin.
Battle of the Amazons | 1 1 | 1 6 |Rottenhammer.
The unjust Steward | 2 7 | 4 6 |Quintin Matsys.
.ta-
.nf c
In the Lobby.
.nf-
.ta h:20 |r:10 |r:10 |l:20
Noah’s Ark | 1 9 | 2 10 |Velvet Brughel.
St. Catherine | 2 6 | 2 0 |Leonardo da Vinci.
Van Trump | 2 10 | 2 4 |Francis Hals.
// 305.png
.pn +1
Vulcan, or the element of Fire | 4 6 | 5 9 | Bassan.
A picture of horses, its companion | 1 8 | 1 4 | Wouverman.
Two insides of churches, small | 0 0 | 0 0 | De Neef.
A Dutch woman and her three children | 1 9 | 1 6 | Sir Ant. More.
Rembrant painting an old woman | 2 10 | 2 0 | by himself.
A courtezan and her gallant | 2 4 | 2 4 | Giorgione.
The golden age | 2 0 | 3 2 | Velvet Brughel.
Snyders with his wife and child | 5 4 | 4 0 | Rubens.
Rebecca bringing presents to Laban | 4 6 | 3 2 | De la Hyre.
Boors at cards | 2 0 | 2 0 | Teniers.
The element of Earth | 4 6 | 5 9 | Jai. Bassan.
Marriage in Cana of Gallilee | 4 0 | 5 0 | P. Veronese.
Two landskips | 2 0 | 3 2 | G. Poussin.
The genealogy of Christ | 3 0 | 2 3 | Albert Durer.
Beggar boys at cards | 2 0 | 1 4 | Salvator Rosa.
Herod consulting the wisemen | 1 4 | 2 8 | Rembrant.
Marriage of St. Catherine | 2 8 | 3 2 | Old Palma.
// 306.png
.pn +1
two fine bas relievos in brass, one\
Bacchus and Ariadne, the other \
Ceres teaching Triptolemus the use\
of the plough | | |by Soldani
.ta-
.nf c
In the Saloon.
.nf-
.ta h:20 |r:10 |r:10 |l:20
The conception, painted for an altar piece | 7 8 | 7 8 | Murillo.
The flight into Egypt, its companion | | | Ditto.
Vulcan, Venus, Cupid, and sundry | 5 6 | 8 4 | Tintoret.
figures, an emblematic subject | | |
Mars and Venus | 5 8 | 4 3 | P. Veronese.
Christ among the Doctors | 5 2 | 6 6 | L. Giordano.
Duke of Buckingham’s mistress, her | 5 8 | 5 6 | by himself.
three children, and a son of Rubens | | |
A landskip | 4 10 | 6 2 | Claude.
Leopold’s gallery | | | Teniers.
Teniers, own gallery, its companion | 3 2 | 4 2 | Ditto.
.ta-
// 307.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bembridge’s rents, Moor lane, Moorfields.†
.pm d1
Bembridge street, St Giles’s pound.†
.pm d1
Ben court, Grub street.†
.pm d1
Benjamin street. 1. Cow cross.† 2.
Longditch, Westminster.† 3. Red Lion
street, Clerkenwell.† 4. Swallow street.†
.pm d1
St. Bennet Fink, was dedicated to St.
Benedict, vulgarly called St. Bennet, an
Italian saint, the founder of the order of
Benedictine monks; and received the additional
name of Fink from its rebuilder
Robert Fink. It is situated on the south
side of Thread-needle-street. The old
church being destroyed in the general
conflagration in 1666, the present edifice
was erected in its room. The body
is of an irregular form, enlightened by
large arched windows, which reach to
the roof; this is incompassed with a
balustrade, and crowned with a lantern:
a dome rises upon the whole extent of
the tower, and on its top rises a turret.
This church is a curacy in the patronage
of the Dean and Chapter of Windsor,
who generally supply it with one of
their own Canons. The Curate receives
100l. a year in lieu of tithes.
// 308.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
St. Bennet’s Gracechurch street, is situated
at the south west corner of Fenchurch
street. The old church being
much damaged by the fire in 1666, was
taken down, and the present structure
erected in its place, which is built principally
of stone, and is a regular, convenient,
and neat edifice, without the expence
of columns and porticos. It has
a handsome balustrade at the top, and
a very high spire of the obelisk kind, the
base of which is supported by four porticos.
This church is a rectory in the patronage
of the Dean and Chapter of St.
Paul’s; and the parish of St. Leonard
Eastcheap is annexed to it. The Rector
receives 140l. a year in lieu of tithes.
.pm d1
St. Bennet’s Paul’s Wharf, is so called
from its being consecrated to St. Benedict,
and its vicinity to that wharf. It
is situated at the south west corner of
St. Bennet’s hill, and the old church being
destroyed by the fire of London in
1666, this was erected in its place, from
a design of Sir Christopher Wren. It is
a neat structure; the body is well proportioned:
the tower has rustic corners, and
// 309.png
.pn +1
its turret and small spire are raised from
the crown of a dome.
This church is a rectory, the collation
to which is in the Dean and Chapter of
St. Paul’s. The parish of St. Peter
Paul’s Wharf is united to it, and the
Rector receives 100l. a year in lieu of
tithes.
St. Bennet’s Sherehog, stood opposite to
St. Sythe’s lane, in St. Pancras lane,
and in the ward of Cheap. In the year
1323, it went by the name of St. Osyth,
from its being dedicated to a queen and
martyr of that name; but she was divested
of the tutelage of this church, by
Benedict Shorne, a fishmonger of London,
who was a rebuilder, repairer, or
benefactor to it; and Shorne his surname,
being corrupted into Shrog, was
at last converted into Sherehog. This
church sharing the common fate of the
general conflagration in 1666, and not
being rebuilt, the parish was annexed to
that of St. Stephen’s Walbrook. Newc.
Rep. Eccl. Paroch.
.pm d1
Bennet street, a short street, westward
into Arlington street, Piccadilly.
.pm d1
Bennet’s Bridge lane, Upper Ground
street, Southwark.†
// 310.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bennet’s court. 1. Beggars hill, Southwark.†
2. Canon row.† 3. Drury
lane.† 4. Limehouse causeway.†
5. Long lane, Southwark.† 6. The
Strand.† 7. White street.†
.pm d1
Bennet’s hill, Thames street, thus named
from the church of St. Bennet’s Paul’s
Wharf.
.pm d1
Bennet’s street. 1. Longditch.† 2. Near
the Upper ground, Southwark.† 3. St.
James’s street.†
.pm d1
Bennet’s yard, near Tufton street.†
.pm d1
Benson’s alley, Shoreditch.†
.pm d1
Bentinck street, Berwick street.
.pm d1
Berkhamsted, an ancient town in Hertfordshire,
situated 30 miles to the N. W.
of London. It was anciently a Roman
town, and here some of the Saxon kings
kept their court. William the Conqueror
here swore to the nobility to preserve
the laws made by his predecessors; and
here Henry II. kept his court, and granted
the town all the laws and liberties it
had enjoyed under Edward the Confessor.
It was a borough in the reign of Henry
III. and James I. to whose children this
place was a nursery, made it a corporation,
by the name of the Bailiff and Burgesses
of Berkhamsted St. Peter; the Burgesses
// 311.png
.pn +1
to be twelve, to chuse a Recorder, and
Town Clerk, to have a prison, &c. but
in the next reign it was so impoverished
by the civil wars, that the government
was dropp’d, and has not been since renewed.
Its market is also much decayed.
The town, though situated on the south
side of a marsh, extends itself far in a
broad street, and handsome buildings,
and is pleasantly surrounded with high
and hard ground, full of pastures, hedgerows,
and arable land. What remains
of the castle, which is but one third of
it, was not long ago the seat of the
Careys, and is now the seat of the
family of the Ropers. Here is a spacious
church dedicated to St. Peter, which has
eleven of the Apostles on its pillars, with
a sentence of the creed on each, and on
the twelfth pillar is St. George killing
the dragon. The other public buildings
are, a free school, which is a handsome
brick structure, well endowed, the King
being patron, and the Warden of All
Souls College in Oxford, Visitor; and a
handsome almshouse, built and endowed
by Mr. John Sayer and his wife, who
gave 1300l. for that purpose.
.pm d1
Berkley Square, near Hyde Park road,
// 312.png
.pn +1
contains about three acres, and is well
built on the north, east and west sides.
The following is an account of the
choice and valuable collection of pictures
and prints of John Barnard, Esq; at his
house in Berkley square.
A holy family, by Parmegiano, well
preserved, and the characters very fine.
It was out of the Count de Platembourg’s
collection at Amsterdam.
A crucifixion, by Paulo Veronese, about
three feet high; there is a fine
group of figures at bottom, and the
figures on the cross are remarkably well
drawn.
Christ calling to Zaccheus; and the
Angel appearing to St. John in the wilderness;
both by Paulo Veronese, in his
finest manner and highest colouring.
A præsepe, or nativity, by Jacomo
Bassan; the light comes from the child,
and has a surprizing effect, being in his
highest colouring. These three last are
upright narrow pictures, oval at top, and
were originally designed for some elegant
little chapel.
Christ led to be crucified, by the same
master; the colouring is the richest;
// 313.png
.pn +1
and the expression is much finer than
one often sees of Bassan.
Adam ploughing and Eve spinning, by
Domenico Fetti: this picture is finely
coloured, and the character of Eve is
prettier than can well be expressed; it
was in the collection of Monsieur Biberon
at Paris, and Monsieur Crozat mentions
it in his work, along with two
others of the same subject, one of which
belongs to the King of France.
A holy family, with a little St. John
presenting a cross, by Guido. This picture,
which is but fifteen inches high,
may be truly said to be in his very finest
manner; the characters of the Virgin
and St. Joseph are inexpressibly fine, and
it is in the best preservation. It was
in the Duke de Tallard’s collection.
The martyrdom of a female saint, by
Correggio. This picture came out of the
same collection as the last, and is much
of the same size; it is in his first manner,
but yet visibly of his hand; the colouring
and some of the characters are fine. The
Duke of Tallard had it out of the collection
of Monsieur Crozat, where it was
always esteemed a true picture of Correggio.
// 314.png
.pn +1
A holy family, with a little St. John
presenting a dish of fruit, by Simone da
Pesaro, commonly called Cantarini, who
was the best disciple of Guido. The
figures are half length as big as life. True
pictures of this master are very scarce in
England, and this is one of his best, and
in the highest preservation.
The Virgin with the child in her lap,
half length, as big as life, by Vandyck.
The character of the Virgin is as sweet,
and the colouring as fine, as any thing of
this master’s painting. This was out of
the collection of Monsieur Biberon, and
there is an old print of this picture.
A holy family, by the same master.
This is the small picture, but the characters
of the Virgin and child, and the
sweetness and mellowness of the colouring,
are at least equal to the large one.
There is a print of this by Bolswert.
A head of St. Peter, with a fish in his
hand, by Spagnoletto. The expression
and force in this picture are extremely
great. There is a mezzotinto print engraved
after it by Mr. MacArdell.
Pharoah and his host drowned in the
Red sea, about five feet wide, by Valerio
Castelli. The character of Moses is
// 315.png
.pn +1
very great, and the colouring throughout
is remarkably fine.
The conversion of St. Paul, by Luca
Jordano, with many figures and horsemen,
about six feet wide. This is one
of his best, in the free and spirited style,
for which he was most famous.
A battle, by the same master, not
quite so large. The composition in this
picture is better, and the figures seem
more alive and in motion, than in almost
any battle pieces to be met with.
Tobit burying the dead, by Benedetto
Castiglione, in the style of Nicola Poussin,
which master (in his latter time) he
particularly studied and imitated; and he
succeeded therein so well, in this picture,
both in the composition and drawing,
that was not his name upon it, several
of the best judges have declared, they
should not only have taken it for a true
picture of that master, but also for a
very fine one of him.
A landskip, by Claude Lorrain, near
four feet wide; the subject is a warm
evening; it is in the highest preservation,
not in the least turned black, and in his
very finest taste and manner of painting:
the keeping, and that harmony and tenderness
// 316.png
.pn +1
of tints, for which that master
was so famous, are remarkably conspicuous
in this picture, and the figures,
which are but few, are much better
than one generally sees in his works.
A præsepe, by Pietro da Cortona: the
composition and the harmony of colours
in this picture are very fine.
The entombing of Christ, by Federico
Barocci: the dead body is rather disagreeable,
but some of the characters
are very fine. This was out of the Duke
D’Auvergne’s collection at Paris.
The adoration of the Magi, by Rubens:
this is only a sketch for a large
picture, yet it is so finished, that at a
proper distance the characters are as expressive,
and the colouring as rich as in
a finish’d picture.
St. Thomas, who disbelieves putting
his finger in the wound in Christ’s side,
by Michael Angelo Caravaggio. This
is also a sketch, but the dignity in the
characters, and the fine large folds of
drapery, shew it to be the work of a
great master. Mr. Barnard has a print
of this picture etch’d by the master himself,
which is extremely scarce.
The stoning of St. Stephen, by Filippo
// 317.png
.pn +1
Lauri. Though the figures in this picture
are rather larger than those which are in
his very best manner, yet they are finely
drawn, and the gaiety and beauty of the
colouring, together with the fine keeping
observed in the distant figures, make
it a very pleasing and fine picture.
Christ’s agony in the garden, by the
same master. The figures in this are smaller
than in the preceding; and the fine
characters, and correctness of drawing
of the figures, joined to the beautiful colouring,
have always made this picture,
though a very small one, esteemed by
the greatest judges as one of his best.
The same subject in a round, about a
foot diameter, by Carlo Maratti; the
angels heads are fine, and the colouring
pleasing. This picture belonged to Mr.
Jarvis the painter, who had a companion
to it by the same hand, the subject a dead
Christ; he valued them very highly.
A holy family, by the same master,
about one foot seven inches high; this is
painted in his best time and finest colouring.
A Silence, by Nicolo Poussin: the subject
a landskip, the evening, in which
a little boy is running away with a Satyr’s
// 318.png
.pn +1
musical instrument as he lies asleep;
other figures are lying and leaning in a
reposed manner. Though this picture is
only about seventeen inches wide, and
the figures but small, yet they are as genteel,
and as correctly drawn, as in any
of his finest pictures.
The woman taken in adultery, by Sebastian
Ricci. The greatness of the design
the dignity and propriety of the characters,
particularly the woman, and the
harmony of the colours, shew him to be
(tho’ a modern master) equal to most of
the greatest that went before him.
Two misers counting and setting down
their money; the same subject, but with
some variation as that at Windsor, by
Quintin Matsys of Antwerp, who repeated
this picture several times.
An old man’s head with a ruff, painted
by Rembrant. It is thought to be the
portrait of Ephraim Bonus the Physician,
as it bears a great resemblance to the
print of him engraved by Rembrant himself,
but in the picture he is much older.
The light and shade in this picture is extremely
fine. Mr. Houston, an excellent
engraver in mezzotinto, has engraved a
very fine print after this picture.
// 319.png
.pn +1
A fine landskip with Tobit and the
Angel, near three feet wide, by the same
master; the effect of colours in this picture
is surprising.
A Magdalene’s head, by Guido.
An historical subject, a woman and three
children, &c. by Solimene. This is better
coloured, and more finished, than one generally
sees of this master.
Angels holding a mitre over St. Ambrose,
a finished sketch for a large picture,
by the same master. The character
of St. Ambrose is very fine, and the draperies
are in a great style of painting.
Susannah and the Elders, by Le Moine.
The colouring of the woman, who is near
naked, is very fine, and the composition
and the landskip are very agreeable.
A little boy and girl naked in a landskip
of a garden, by Albano, in his
richest colouring.
A battle, by Bourgognone, about two
feet wide; this is clearer and better coloured
than most of his pictures usually
are.
Two landskips, by Gaspar Poussin, about
two feet two inches wide each.
They are in his finest green manner, and
extremely well preserved.
// 320.png
.pn +1
Another landskip, by the same master,
a little larger but upright, and also in his
richest and best manner.
A landskip with rocks, and a man lying
reading, by Salvator Rosa, about two
feet two inches wide. This is one of
those pictures that were engraved and
published by direction of Mr. Pond some
years ago: it belonged then to Mr. Kent.
A landskip, its companion, by Bartolomeo,
a disciple of the above master.
The figures and water in this picture are
remarkably fine.
A landskip, a warm evening, about the
same size, by Jean Asselin, commonly
called Crabacci, with cattle in the water
by Berchem in his finest manner. Mr.
Major, an engraver of great merit, has
made a very capital print from this picture.
A landskip with cattle and figures, by
Cuyp, its companion. The sun-shine, for
which this master is so famous, is particularly
fine in this picture.
Venus and Adonis with Cupids, by
Van Baelen, in a landskip about the same
size as the above, by Velvet Brughell,
who has introduced dogs, &c. painted
with the utmost life and spirit. This is
// 321.png
.pn +1
as fine a coloured picture as can possibly
be met with.
A landskip about the same size, with a
flock of sheep, &c. by Francesco Mille.
The composition is fine, and this is one
of his richest pictures.
A piece of ruins, by Viviano, about
the same size.
A piece of ruins, by Ghisolfi, with
a man sitting by the side of the Tiber.
A sea calm with English yachts, by
William Vandevelde. The keeping, the
figures, and the water, are uncommonly
fine in this picture.
A canal with boats on it, and a bridge
at the end, with buildings on each side,
by Canaletti. This picture, for the fineness
of the water, and the justness of
the perspective, is allowed to be one of
the very finest of this master.
A landskip with figures, fishing, &c.
by Zuccharelli, about 2 feet 9 inches
wide. This picture from the fineness
of the figures, and the uncommon richness
of the colouring, has been always
deemed at least equal to any thing
this great master ever painted.
A holy family, with a little St. John
sitting on a lamb, by Scarcellini de
// 322.png
.pn +1
Ferrara, after a design of Augustine
Caracci; it is a small picture, but the
characters and colouring are remarkably
sweet in it.
A very masterly sketch of the miraculous
cross of St. Antonio de Padua,
by Seb. Ricci. This at a little distance,
has all the effect of a finish’d picture.
Christ and the two disciples at Emaus,
by Elsheimer. The story is finely told,
and there is great expression in the
figures: this picture is a curiosity, not
only from the great scarceness of the
works of this master, but there are in
it two different candle lights, and a
moon light, which have an uncommon,
and yet pleasing effect.
The Virgin supporting a dead Christ,
by Lubin Baugin, called in France, Le
Petit Guide, from his happy manner of
imitating the stile of that great master,
of which this little picture, among
others, is a proof: this was out of the
Duke de Tallard’s collection.
A sea monster swimming away with
a woman, by Albert Durer, who has
engraved a print of the same subject: this
is extremely well preserved, and there
is a much better keeping observed in it
than is usual in pictures of that age.
// 323.png
.pn +1
A camelion with a thistle and flies,
most exquisitely painted after the life,
by Van Aelst.
A group of various flowers with insects
in a glass of water, by a master
who has mark’d the picture with
.if h
.if-
.if t
[Albrecht Durer’s mark]
.if-
This in point of finishing, is perhaps
carried as high as art, colours, and the
finest pointed pencils can possibly arrive.
A man sitting smoaking, and other
back figures, by David Teniers. This
is in his finest stile, both for colouring
and expression.
Two men with a little dog going to
enter a cottage; a smaller picture by the
same master. Mr. Major has engraved
a print from this, and call’d it the
Friendly Invitation.
There are other smaller pictures, good
in their kind, such as the Virgin and
Child, by Rottenhammer, highly finished
and coloured.
The same subject, the school of
Caracci, if not of him.
The Virgin and Child with a bird,
and a little St. John, by Sebastian
Bourdon, richer coloured than common
of this master.
// 324.png
.pn +1
A holy family and St. Catherine, by
Schidoni.
An angel drawing an arrow from the
side of St. Sebastian, finely coloured by
Gerrard Seghers.
Alpheus and Arethusa, Glaucus and
Scylla, by Filippo Lauri, in his best
manner.
A ship on fire, by Vandevelde: the
effect surprizingly fine.
A landskip, by Wynants, highly
finish’d, &c.
The same Gentleman has also a collection
of about twelve thousand prints,
engraved and etched by the most celebrated
masters of the three last centuries,
much the greatest part of which are not
only in the highest preservation, but
also of the finest impressions; and of
many of the matters, there are either
all, or very near the whole work; they
are contained in about 50 large volumes,
besides above 60 volumes in sculpture
and architecture. The principal part of
this collection of prints are engraved
and etched by Andrea Mantegna, Marco
Antonio Raimondi, Ugo da Carpi, Silvestra
and Marco de Ravenna, Julio
// 325.png
.pn +1
Bonafoni, Augustino Venetiana, Martinus
Rota, Adamo of Mantua, Andrea
del Sarto, Parmegiano, Primaticcio,
Schidoni, Sisto Badalocchi, Baroccio,
Carnillo Procaccino, Michael Angelo
Caravaggio, Guercino, Spagnoletto,
Paulo Veronese, Palma, Giulio Carpioni,
Domenico Canuti, Odoardo Fialetti,
Paulo Farinati, Ventura Salembeni, all
the Caracci’s, Battista Franco, Guido
Rheni, Simone Cantarini, Elisabetta
Sirani, Claude Lorrain, Gaspar Poussin,
Crescentio, Horizonti, Francesco Bolognese,
Paul Brill, Both of Italy, Salvator
Rosa, Pietro Testa, Castiglione, Bourgognone,
Carlo Maratti, Luca Jordano,
Rubens, Vandyck, and others, after him
the whole work, Jordaens Rombouts,
Cornelius de Wael, Vosterman, Martinus
Secu, Albert Durer, Lucas Van
Leiden, Hisbin, Geo. Pens, the Visschers,
Rembrant near the whole work, Ostade,
David Teneirs, Both, Bega, Berchem,
Paul Potter, Stoop, Ad. Vandevelde,
Bamboccio, Hondius, Fyt, Jean Miele,
Molenaer, Hollar, Bloemart, Sebastian
Bourdon, Le Brun, La Hyre, Mignard,
Della Bella, Callot, Mellan, Spierre,
Perelle, Coypel, Pittau, Morin, Edelinck,
// 326.png
.pn +1
Masson, Drevet, Nanteuil, and many
other excellent masters: also a very considerable
collection of original drawings
by most of the greatest Italian, and some
of the best Flemish and Dutch masters.
.pm d1
Berkley street, Hyde park road; thus
called from its being near the Lord Berkley
of Stratton’s mansion house.
.pm d1
Bermeeter’s Almshouse, in St. John
street Bethnal green, was founded by
Mr. Bermeeter, for six poor women, and
by him endowed with 30l. per annum.
.pm d1
Bermondsey School, was founded in
the year 1718, by Mr. Josiah Bacon,
who bequeatheth the sum of 700l. for
purchasing land, and erecting a school
upon it, which he endowed with 150l.
a year, for educating sixty poor children
of the parish of St. Mary Bermondsey
street, called by corruption Barnaby street.
See St. Mary Magdalen’s
Bermondsey.
The district of Bermondsey appears
in William the Conqueror’s survey to
have been a royal manor, in which
were twenty five husbandmen, and twenty-three
cottagers. Maitland.
.pm d1
Bernard’s or Barnard’s Inn, situated
on the south side of Holborn, near
Fetter lane, was anciently called Mackworth’s
// 327.png
.pn +1
Inn, and is one of the Inns of
Chancery. This Society consists of a
Principal and twelve Antients, besides
other members, who are obliged to be in
commons a fortnight in two terms, and
ten days in each of the other two, on the
penalty of forfeiting five shillings a week.
.pm d1
Berry court. 1. Liquorpond street.†. 2.
Love lane, Wood street, Cheapside.†
3. St. Mary Ax.
.pm d1
Berry street. 1. Piccadilly.† 2. Near
St. Mary Ax, Leadenhall street.†
.pm d1
Berwick street, Old Soho.
.pm d1
Bethlehem court, Old Bethlehem.†
.pm d1
Bethlem, or Bedlam Hospital, originally
a priory, was founded in the year
1247, by Simon Fitzroy, of London, or
according to Stow, Simon Fitz Mary,
Sheriff of London, on the east side of
the place now called the quarters of
Moorfields, and of the burial ground of
Old Bethlem. This priory consisted of
brothers and sisters, who wore a star upon
their copes and mantles, probably in commemoration
of the star that guided the
wisemen in their visit to our Saviour at
his birth; and these monks were to receive
the Bishop and the Canons of
Bethlehem, whenever they should come
to England. But King Henry VIII. giving
// 328.png
.pn +1
this house to the city of London, it
was converted into an hospital for the
cure of lunatics; but not without a certain
weekly expence, paid either by their
relations or the parish.
This hospital being, however, in an
incommodious situation, and becoming
both ruinous, and unable to receive and
entertain the great number of distracted
persons, whose friends sued for their admission,
the Lord Mayor, Aldermen,
and Common Council, granted the Governors
a piece of ground along the south
side of the lower quarters of Moorfields,
upon which the foundation of the present
hospital was laid in April 1675, and
notwithstanding its being the most magnificent
edifice of its kind in Europe,
was only fifteen months in erecting, as
appears by an inscription on its front.
This noble edifice is 540 feet in length,
and 40 feet in breadth, and is finely situated.
The middle and ends, which project
a little, are adorned with pilasters,
entablatures, foliages, and other ornaments,
and rising above the rest of the
building, have each a flat roof with a
handsome balustrade of stone, in the center
of which is an elegant turret. That
// 329.png
.pn +1
// 330.png
.pn +1
// 331.png
.pn +1
in the middle is adorned with a clock,
and three dials, a gilt ball, and a vane
on the top.
.if h
.il fn=i330a.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale del.\_\_\_B. Green sculp.
Bethlem.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale del.\_\_\_B. Green sculp.
Bethlem.]
.sp 2
.if-
.if h
.il fn=i330b.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale del.\_\_\_B. Green sculp.
London Bridge.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale del.\_\_\_B. Green sculp.
London Bridge.]
.sp 2
.if-
This building upon the whole shews
more the good intentions, than the good
taste of the founders of this charity, the
style of architecture being very improper
for an hospital for madmen. Simplicity
and regularity was all that should have
been aimed at, and if there was a necessity
for pilasters, those of the Tuscan order
would have suited the design much better
than Corinthian; but without regarding
the application, the middle pavilion,
which is elegant, should have certainly
been larger and more principal. The
entrance is grand, and the figures on the
piers, one representing raving, and the
other melancholy madness, are finely expressed,
and do honour to their author
Mr. Cibber, father of the late Poet
Laureat. Since the first erecting of this
edifice, two wings have been added, in
order to contain a number of incurables.
And before this fabric is a handsome wall
680 feet in length, which, like the structure
itself, is built with brick and stone.
It incloses a range of gardens neatly adorned
with walks of broad stone, grass
// 332.png
.pn +1
plats and trees, wherein those of the lunatics
who are well enough to be suffered
to go about, are allowed to walk there
and enjoy the benefit of the fresh air.
In the middle of this wall is a large pair
of fine iron gates, and by them a small
entrance for the admission of those who
come out of curiosity to visit this hospital;
on each side towards the top of these
gates are placed the two statues, in the
manner represented in the print.
The expence of erecting this edifice,
besides that of building the wings, amounted
to near 17,000l.
The inside chiefly consists of two galleries
one over the other, which cross the
wings, and are 193 yards long, thirteen
feet high, and sixteen feet broad; without
including the cells for the patients,
which are twelve feet deep. These galleries
are divided in the middle by two
iron grates, by which means all the
men are placed at one end of the house,
and all the women at the other, and in
each gallery servants lie, to be ready at
hand on all occasions. In the middle of
the upper gallery is a large spacious
room, where the Governors, and, in the
lower, where the weekly Committee
// 333.png
.pn +1
// 334.png
.pn +1
// 335.png
.pn +1
meet, and the Physician prescribes for
the patients; besides, above there are
convenient apartments for the steward
of the house, the porter, matron, nurse
and servants; and below stairs all
necessary offices for keeping and dressing
the provisions; for washing, and other
necessary offices belonging to so large a
family; and also a bathing place for the
patients, so contrived, as to be an hot
or cold bath, as occasion requires.
.if h
.il fn=i333.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sc.
Figures on Bethlem Gate
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sc.
Figures on Bethlem Gate]
.sp 2
.if-
There are generally above 200 lunatics
maintained in this hospital, each of
whom has a small room or cell to himself,
where he is locked up on nights,
and in this room is a place for a bed;
but where the patients are so senseless as
not to be fit to make use of one, they
are every day provided with fresh clean
straw. Those are judged the fittest objects
that are raving and furious, and
yet capable of cure.
As to the method of admitting them,
they are brought on Saturday, when the
Committee meets, to be viewed by them
and the Physician; and if a person be
judged a fit object, a warrant is drawn
up for his admission by the clerk of the
hospital, to be signed by the President,
// 336.png
.pn +1
or, in his absence, by the Treasurer.
Those who put in the patient are obliged
to give a bond, signed by two persons,
to take him away when discharged,
or if he dies, to be at the expence
of burying him. Their friends, who put
them in, are obliged to provide them
with cloaths; but there is a wardrobe
from whence they are supplied, when
neglected by those friends: for though,
when raving and furious, they suffer but
little from the weather; yet in their intervals,
they frequently contract other
distempers, care of which is also taken,
as well as of their lunacy, whether
those distempers be external or internal;
and though formerly every patient paid
5s. a week, they now not only pay
nothing, but after their recovery and
leaving the hospital, are furnished with
medicines to prevent a relapse. When
a patient is cured, he is called before a
Committee of the Governors and Physicians,
who examine him, and being
found fit to be discharged, the Physician
gives a certificate to that purpose, and
then the steward of the house takes care
to have him delivered to his friends.
// 337.png
.pn +1
The hospitals of Bethlem and Bridewell
being made one corporation, they
have the same President, Treasurer,
Governors, Clerk, Physician, Surgeon,
and Apothecary; yet each hospital has
its proper steward and inferior officers,
and a particular committee is chosen out
of the Governors for each. Out of that
appointed for Bethlem, there are six
who meet every Saturday, to examine
the steward’s account of expences for
the preceding week, and to sign it
after it is approved; they also view the
provisions, examine the patients that
are to be received or discharged, and
have the direction of other affairs belonging
to this hospital.
.pm d1
Bethnal Green, a village near Mile
End, and lately one of the hamlets of
Stepney, from which parish it was separated
by an act of parliament in the 13th
year of his present Majesty’s reign. The
old Roman way from London led thro’
this hamlet, and joining the military
way from the west, passed with it to Lea
Ferry at Old Ford. Within this hamlet,
Bonner, Bishop of London, had a
palace, and the Trinity House have a
hospital for twenty-eight decayed seamen,
// 338.png
.pn +1
who have been masters of ships or
pilots, or their widows. See Trinity
Hospital.
The church built pursuant to the above
act, is placed at the north east
corner of Hare street, Spitalfields, and
is a neat, commodious edifice, built with
brick coped and coined with freestone;
and the tower, which is not high, is of
the same materials. It is remarkable,
that though the village of itself is small,
yet as part of Spitalfields anciently belonged
to that hamlet, this parish contains
1800 houses, and the parishioners
are computed to amount to above 15000.
.pm d1
Bett’s alley, Anchor street.†
.pm d1
Bett’s street. 1. By Knockfergus.† 2.
Ratcliff Highway.†
.pm d1
Bevis lane, Duke’s place.
.pm d1
Bevis Marks, St. Mary Ax. Here was once
a very large house with several courts
and gardens, which belonging to the Abbot
of Bury in Suffolk, was called Bury’s
Marks, corruptly Bevis Marks. This
house being demolished, the ground has
many houses built upon it, and among
the rest a synagogue of Jews. Stow.
.pm d1
Bevis Marks School, was founded in the
in the year 1731, by Isaac de Costa
// 339.png
.pn +1
Villa Real, a Portuguese Jew, who also
endowed it with the annual sum of 80l.
for cloathing and educating twenty Jew
girls of his nation.
.pm d1
Bewley’s rents, Holiwell court.†
.pm d1
Bigg’s alley, Thrall street, Spitalfields.†
.pm d1
Bigg’s or Bett’s rents, Rosemary lane,
Tower hill.
.pm d1
Bill alley, Billiter lane.
.pm d1
Billet yard, Billiter lane.
.pm d1
Billingsgate, a great fish market in
Thames street; which is only a large
water-gate, port, or harbour, for small
vessels, laden with fish, oranges, lemons,
Spanish onions, and in summer, with
Kentish cherries; here the Gravesend
boats wait to take in their fare; and here
the woodmongers and coalmen meet at
about eight or nine o’clock every morning,
this being a kind of exchange for
those concerned in the coal trade.
Billingsgate is however most famous
for being the greatest fish market in
England, and the only port for fish in
London, which has occasioned several
acts of parliament, to prevent the fishmongers
monopolizing that considerable
article of food. By these acts it is made
lawful for any person to buy fish in that
// 340.png
.pn +1
market, and to sell it again in any other
market or place in the city of London,
or elsewhere, by retail; but no fishmonger,
or other person, is to engross or buy
more than shall be for his own sale or
use, on pain of forfeiting 20l. for every
such offence, and no fishmonger, or other
person, is to expose to sale any fish
at Billingsgate by retail that was before
bought in the same market.
.pm d1
Billingsgate dock, Thames street.
.pm d1
Billingsgate ward, is situated on the
side of the Thames, and is therefore
bounded by that river on the south; as
it is on the east by Tower street ward,
on the west by Bridge ward, and on the
north by Langbourn ward. It contains
a part of Thames street, and Little Eastcheap,
which lie in the same direction,
and those leading from one of those
streets to the other, as St. Mary at hill,
Love lane, Botolph’s lane, Pudding lane,
and on the other side of Little Eastcheap,
a considerable part of Rood lane, and
Philpot lane. The most remarkable
buildings are the churches of St. Mary at
hill, St. Margaret Pattens, and St.
George, Botolph lane; Butchers hall,
and the King’s weigh-house.
// 341.png
.pn +1
This ward is governed by an Alderman,
and ten Common Council men, one
of whom is Deputy, eleven constables,
six scavengers, fourteen wardmote inquestmen,
and a beadle.
The jurymen returned by the wardmote
inquest, serve as jurors in the courts
of Guildhall in the month of May.
.pm d1
Billiter lane, Leadenhall street. It was
anciently called Belzeter’s lane, from its
first builder and owner, which was at
length corrupted to Billiter lane. Maitland.
.pm d1
Billiter square, Billiter lane.
.pm d1
Bilton’s alley, Freeman’s lane, Horselydown.†
.pm d1
Bingle’s lane, Poplar.†
.pm d1
Binham’s yard, near St. James’s square.†
.pm d1
Birchin lane, Cornhill. Stow observes
that it was anciently called Birchover’s
lane, from Birchover, the first builder
and owner, and that this name was corrupted
to Birchin lane.
.pm d1
Bird’s alley, Fashion street.†
.pm d1
Bird’s court, Philip lane.†
.pm d1
Bird’s street, 1. Brook’s street.† 2. Green
Bank, Wapping.† 3. Orchard street.†
.pm d1
Bird’s wharf, White Friars stairs.†
.pm d1
Bird’s yard, Chick lane, Smithfield.†
// 342.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bird Cage alley. 1. Anchor street.* 2. In
the Borough.* 3. St. Margaret’s Hill,
Southwark.*
.pm d1
Birdcatchers alley, Whitechapel.
.pm d1
Bird in hand alley, Cheapside.*
.pm d1
Bishop’s court. 1. Ailsbury street. 2.
Brook’s street. 3. Chancery lane, from
the Bishop of Chichester’s house near
that place. 4. Coleman street. 5. Durham
yard in the Strand. 6. Fore street.
7. Gray’s Inn lane. 8. Little Old Bailey.
9. Lothbury. 10. Old Soho. 11. Old
street.
.pm d1
Bishop’s yard, Charles street, Grosvenor
square.
.pm d1
Bishopsgate, is situated 1440 feet
north west of Aldgate. Mr. Strype imagines
that it was erected by Erkenwald
Bishop of London about the year
675, a conjecture founded only on the
effigies of two Bishops wherewith this
gate was formerly adorned, and from
which it might take its name: but
it is probable that it was not erected so
early, since Mr. Stow could not find
it mentioned before the year 1210.
In the reign of King Henry III. the
Anseatic company residing in this city, in
consideration of several privileges granted
// 343.png
.pn +1
them, obliged themselves and their
successors, not only to keep this gate
in repair, but to defend it, whenever
it should be attacked by an enemy:
and by this company it was rebuilt
in a beautiful manner in the year
1479. On the south side over the
gateway, was placed a stone image of
a Bishop with a mitre on his head;
he had a long beard, eyes sunk, and an
old mortified face, and was supposed to
present St. Erkenwald. On the north
side was another Bishop with a smooth
face, reaching out his right hand to bestow
his benedictions, and holding a
crosier in his left, who is thought to
have been the courtly Bishop William
the Norman: this last was accompanied
by two other figures in stone, supposed to
be King Alfred, and his son Eldred Earl
of Mercia. The present structure is a plain
neat edifice erected in 1735. On the top
over the gateway, which is very lofty, is
the city arms supported by dragons; and
on each side of the gate is a postern for
the convenience of foot passengers.
.pm d1
Bishopsgate street extends from Cornhill,
thro’ the gate, to Norton Falgate,
that part between the gate and
Cornhill being called Bishopsgate street
// 344.png
.pn +1
within, and all without the gate, Bishopsgate
street without.
.pm d1
Bishopsgate ward, which takes its
name from the gate, that stands almost
in its center, is bounded on the south
by Langbourn ward; on the west by
Broad street ward; and Moorfields on
the east by Aldgate ward, Portsoken
ward, and part of the Tower liberty;
and on the north by Shoreditch: thus
this ward extends from the bars near
Spital square, on both sides of the way,
(including near half of Houndsditch)
as far as the pump at the corner of
St. Martin’s Outwich; and winds by
the west corner of Leadenhall, down
Gracechurch street, to the south west
corner of Fenchurch street. The
principal places in this ward are, the
parish churches of St. Botolph without
Bishopsgate, St. Ethelburga’s, and
Great St. Helen’s; Leatherfellers hall,
Gresham college, and the London Workhouse.
This ward is under the government
of an Alderman and two Deputies,
one within, and the other without the
gate, six Common Council men, thirteen
// 345.png
.pn +1
wardmote inquest men, seven constables,
seven scavengers, and a beadle. The jurymen
returned by the inquest men are
to serve in the several courts of Guildhall
in the month of December
.pm d1
Bissel’s court, Wapping.†
.pm d1
Bist’s gardens, in the Mint, Southwark.†
.pm d1
Bitt alley, Turnmill street.
.pm d1
Black alley, Turnmill street.
.pm d1
Black and white alley. 1. Old Bailey.
2. Tower hill.
.pm d1
Black and white court, Old Bailey.
.pm d1
Black Bell alley. Petticoat lane.*
.pm d1
Black Bird alley. 1. St. John’s street,
Spitalfields.* 2. Spicer street.*
.pm d1
Black Boy alley. 1. Chick lane.* 2.
Barnaby street.* 3. Blackman street,
Southwark.* 4. Fore street, Lambeth.*
5. In the Minories.* 6. Near Peter’s
Hill, Thames street.* 7. Rosemary lane.*
8. Saltpetre Bank.*
.pm d1
Black Boy court, Long Acre.*
.pm d1
Black Boy yard. 1. In the Minories.*
2. Saltpetre Bank.*
.pm d1
Black Bull alley, Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.*
.pm d1
Black Bull yard, Whitechapel.*
.pm d1
Blackburn’s alley, Rotherhith wall.†
// 346.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Blackburn’s court, Portpool lane.†
.pm d1
Blackburn’s mews, Grosvenor street.†
.pm d1
Black Dog alley. 1. Bowling alley,
Dean’s yard, Westminster.* 2. East
Smithfield.*
.pm d1
Black Dog yard. 1. Near Vauxhall.*
2. Shoreditch.*
.pm d1
Black Eagle court, Whitechapel.*
.pm d1
Black Eagle street, Brick lane, Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Black Eagle yard, Black Eagle street.*
.pm d1
Black Fields, Horselydown.
.pm d1
Black Friars, near Fleet ditch, was a
monastery of that order, otherwise called
Preaching Friars. This monastery
was erected by Robert Kilwarby Archbishop
of Canterbury, about the year
1276, who also built the church of
Black Friars, to which King Edward I.
and Queen Eleanor were great benefactors,
and even the reputed founders.
This church was large and richly
furnished with ornaments. In the monastery
several parliaments were held,
and the Emperor Charles V. who
was also King of Spain, lodged there in
the year 1522. There the ancient Kings
had their records and charters kept,
as well as at the Tower: and, tho’
// 347.png
.pn +1
this monastery was dissolved with the
rest by King Henry VIII. yet in the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, Black Friars was
inhabited by many noblemen and gentlemen;
parliaments still continued to be
often held there, and being a place
of refuge, malefactors frequently took
shelter in its liberties, and the inhabitants
were free from arrests: but
these pernicious privileges have been
many years lost; and as it has been
lately made part of the ward of Faringdon
within, the shopkeepers and
tradesmen are obliged to be free of
the city; two Common Council men
are annually elected out of it, and added
to the number that used to serve this
ward.
.pm d1
Black Friars bridge. The Lord
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council
of this city, have been empowered
by a late act, to build a bridge cross
the Thames from Black Friars to the
opposite side in the county of Surrey;
to fill up the channel of Bridewell
dock, or Fleet ditch, and to purchase
and pull down such buildings as shall
be thought proper for forming and
widening streets and avenues. This
// 348.png
.pn +1
bridge is to have a free and open passage
thro’ the arches of 750 feet at
least within the banks of the river.
A sufficient number of glass lamps
are to be fixed on proper parts of it,
to burn from sun setting to sun rising;
and a number of watchmen placed for
the security of passengers.
For the erecting and support of this
work, when finished, they are to receive
as toll, any sum they shall direct,
not exceeding the following rates:
For every coach, chariot, berlin, chaise,
chair or calash, drawn by six horses,
2s.
.pm d1
Drawn by four horses, 1s. 6d.
.pm d1
Drawn by less than four, 1s.
.pm d1
For every waggon, wain, cart or car,
drawn by four or more horses, or
other beasts, 1s.
.pm d1
For either of the same carriages drawn
by less than four horses, &c. 6d.
.pm d1
For every horse, mule or ass, laden or
unladen, and not drawing, 1d.
.pm d1
For every foot passenger on Sunday, 1d.
.pm d1
And every other day ½d.
.pm d3
Upon the credit of these tolls, the
Lord Mayor and Common Council are
impowered to raise any sums of money
// 349.png
.pn +1
not exceeding 30,000l. in one year,
till they have raised 160,000l. in the
whole, which they are not to exceed.
.pm d1
Black Friars school, was founded by
Peter Joy, Esq; in the year 1716,
who also endowed it with 160l. 17s. 3d.
per annum, for cloathing and instructing
forty boys and thirty girls, in
reading, writing and accounts. This
school he left in trust with the Governors
of Sion College, who allow the
master 40l. and the mistress 30l. a
year.
.pm d1
Black Friars stairs, near Fleet ditch.
.pm d1
Blackheath, a large plain on the south
of Greenwich, on which Watt Tyler,
the Kentish rebel, mustered 100,000
men. In this place, which is admired
for the fineness of its situation, and
its excellent air, is a noble house built
by Sir Gregory Page, Bart. a view
of which we have here given.
This is a very magnificent edifice,
built in the modern taste, consisting
of a basement state and attick story.
The wings contain the offices and
stables, which are joined to the body
of the house by a colonade. It stands
in the midst of a park with a large
// 350.png
.pn +1
piece of water before it. The back
front has an Ionic portico of four
columns, but having no pediment does
not make so agreeable a figure as could
be wished.
This is one of the finest seats in
England belonging to a private gentleman;
it is adorned with many capital
pictures, a list whereof is here given;
and the gardens, park, and country
around, render it a most delightful
seat: yet this fine edifice was begun,
raised, and covered, in the space of
eleven months. At a small distance
is the College erected by Sir John
Morden, Bart. for a particular account
of which see Morden College.
// 351.png
.pn +1
// 352.png
.pn +1
// 353.png
.pn +1
.if h
.il fn=i351.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. B. Green sc. Oxon.
S^r. Gregory Page’s Seat.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. B. Green sc. Oxon.
S^r. Gregory Pages Seat.]
.sp 2
.if-
.nf c
A Catalogue of the Pictures of Sir Gregory Page, Baronet, at his
House at Blackheath.
.nf-
.ta h:20 |r:10 |r:10 |l:20
|Height.
Feet Inc. | Breadth.
Feet Inc. | Painted by
Sampson and Dalilah | 5 6 | 8 3 | Vandyke.
St. Cyprian a ¾ length | 4 3 | 3 1½ | Ditto.
The three royal children ½ lengths | 2 0 | 3 8 | Ditto.
Juno and Ixion | 6 0 | 8 0 | Rubens.
Rubens and his mistress | 6 8 | 6 3 | Ditto.
Rubens, two figures, fowls and fruit | 5 3 | 8 0 | Ditto and Snyders.
Figures by Rubens, a landskip | 2 3 | 3 1 | Ditto and Brughel.
David and Abigail | 6 2 | 6 9½ | Ditto.
A maid milking a goat | 4 10 | 6 7 | Jordans of Antwp.
The good Samaritan | 7 0 | 7 8 | Systi Baldelochi.
The return of the prodigal son | 7 0 | 9 0 | Chev. Calabreze.
Moses striking the rock | 7 0 | 9 0 | Valerio Castello.
The woman taken in adultery | 3 8 | 5 2 | Paul Veronese.
// 354.png
.pn +1
Moses and Pharaoh’s daughter | 4 4 | 6 0 | Paul Veronese.
A counsellor, his wife and daughter | 3 10½| 4 9½ | Titian.
Peter’s denial of our Saviour | 4 2 | 4 10 | M. A. daCaravagio.
A holy family | 2 2 | 1 0 | Parmegiano.
Moses striking the rock | 3 1 | 4 10½ | Giacomo Bassan.
A landskip with cattle | 2 4 | 3 10½ | Ditto.
The angels appearing to the shepherds | 4 2 | 5 5 | Bassan.
History of Cupid and Psyche, twelve pieces | 1 10 | 2 2½ | Luca Giordano.
Venus, Cupid and Satyrs | 1 1½ | 1 4½ | Philippo Lauro.
Venus, Cupid and Satyrs | 1 1½ | 1 4½ | Ditto.
A landskip with figures | 2 0 | 1 6 | Salvator Rosa.
A landskip with figures | 2 0 | 1 6 | Francisco Mola.
Judith and Holofernes | 4 4½ | 3 11 | Manfredo.
| 3 10½ | 3 2½ | Lewis Carrachi.
A sacrifice | 3 2 | 4 3 | Nich. Poussin.
A Venus, Cupid and Satyrs | 2 2 | 1 8 | Ditto.
// 355.png
.pn +1
Daphne changed into a laurel | 2 2½ | 1 10 | Nich. Poussin.
A landskip with figures | 3 0 | 4 3 | Gaspar Poussin.
Architecture and figures | 3 9 | 5 3 | Viviano.
Architecture and figures | 3 2 | 4 4½ | Ditto.
Joseph and his brethren | 3 0 | 4 2 | Paraccini.
Jacob embracing Benjamin | 3 0 | 4 2 | Ditto.
A landskip with figures | 2 0 | 2 9 | Claude Lorrain.
A landskip with figures | 2 6 | 3 11½ | Francisco Mille.
A landskip with figures | 1 5 | 1 10 | Ditto.
Three figures ½ lengths | 3 10 | 3 1 | after Car. Maratti.
A quarter length | 2 9 | 2 0 | Albert Durer.
A battle piece | 2 3 | 3 2 | Bourgognone.
A battle piece | 2 3 | 3 2 | Ditto.
An holy family | 3 0 | 3 9 | Solomini.
Paris and Helena | 2 0 | 3 2½ | L’Araise.
The judgment of Solomon, gallery chimney piece | 3 9 | 4 1½ | Pompeio.
// 356.png
.pn +1
Hector and Andromache, drawing room chimney piece | 3 4 | 3 6 | Imperialis.
Coriolanus, saloon chimney piece | 3 9 | 3 9 | Imperialis and Masucci.
Architecture and figures, dressing room chimney piece | 4 8 | 4 0½ |Paulo Panini.
Architecture with figures, bedchamber chimney piece | 2 5 | 2 4½| Ditto.
Ditto, yellow bedchamber chimney piece | 3 4½ | 3 3 | Ditto.
Ditto, library chimney piece | 4 7½ | 4 0½| after Panini.
Ditto, yellow dressing room, ditto | 2 10 | 3 7½| Harding aft. Panini.
Ditto, red dressing over the chimney piece, ditto | 3 6 | 3 4½| Ditto.
Ditto, store room chimney piece, ditto | 2 9½ | 2 8½| Ditto.
Ditto, over the doors of the red drawing room | 1 9 | 3 3 | after P. Panini.
// 357.png
.pn +1
Ditto, over the doors of the red drawing room| 1 9 | 3 3 |Harding aft. Panini
Ditto, with figures over the door in the saloon | 2 4 | 3 8 |Ditto.
Ditto, ditto | 2 4 | 3 8 |Ditto.
A landskip with figures, dining room chimney piece| 3 8½| 3 8½|Lambert.
A landskip with figures, green dressing room chimney piece | 2 10½| 3 2½|Ditto.
A landskip with figures, green bedchamber chimney piece| 2 4½| 2 4½|By
Fruit and flowers, breakfast chimney piece | 2 5 | 2 5 |By
Pharaoh’s daughter and Moses | 2 3½| 1 10½|Chev. Vanderwerff.
Message by the angels to the shepherds | 2 2 | 1 7½|Ditto.
King Zeleucus giving his kingdom to his son | 2 4 | 1 8 |Ditto.
// 358.png
.pn +1
Shepherds and shepherdesses dancing | 1 10 | 1 5½| Chev. Vanderwerff.
Hercules between Virtue and Vice | 1 11 | 1 5 | Ditto.
Roman Charity | 1 11½| 1 5 | Ditto.
Joseph and Potipher’s wife | 1 11 | 1 5½| Ditto.
Mary Magdalen reading in a grotto | 1 11 | 1 6 | Ditto.
Bathsheba bathing | 1 10 | 1 3½| Ditto.
Our Saviour and Mary Magdalen | 2 4 | 1 8½| Ditto.
Venus and Cupid | 1 5½| 1 0 | Ditto.
Chevalier Vanderwerff, his wife and daughter | 2 1 0 | 2 2½| Ditto.
Adam and Eve | 1 6 | 1 0 | Peter Vanderwerff.
and Stratonica | 1 6 | 1 0 | Ditto.
A landskip with many figures, a fair at Ghen| 2 8 | 3 8 | Sir D. Teniers.
Ditto with figures | 2 8 | 3 9½| Ditto.
Fruit and flowers | 2 7 | 2 0 | Van Huysan.
Ditto | 2 7 | 2 0 | Ditto.
// 359.png
.pn +1
Fruit and flowers | 2 0 | 1 9 |Van Huysan.
Ditto | 2 0 | 1 9 |Ditto.
Ditto | 1 3 | 1 0 |Ditto.
A view of Venice, over the saloon door | 2 4 | 3 8 |Harding af. Canaleti.
Ditto, ditto | 2 4 | 3 8 |Ditto.
Architecture, over the door in the gallery | 2 6 | 4 0 |Ditto after Panini.
Ditto, ditto | 2 6 | 4 0 |Ditto.
The golden age | 2 1 | 2 8 |Limburg.
The great church at Harlem | 2 7 | 2 3 |De Witt.
A landskip with figures | 0 7 | 0 10 |Velvet Brughel.
Ditto | 0 4½| 0 6 |Ditto.
A poulterer’s shop | 1 5 | 1 3 |Old Meiris.
A fishmonger’s shop | 1 5 | 1 3 |Ditto.
A water piece | 0 10 | 1 1 |Zagtleven.
An hunting piece | 2 2 | 2 8 |Berchem.
An Italian playing on the guitar | 1 2 | 1 0 |Brower.
A landskip with figures and cattle | 1 10½| 2 2½ |Wouvermans.
// 360.png
.pn +1
A landskip with figures and cattle | 1 6 | 1 10 | Wouvermans.
The holy family | 2 3 | 1 7 | Scalchen.
Ditto | 2 3 | 1 7 | Ditto.
A woman with a torch | 1 0½ | 0 10½ | Ditto.
A schoolmaster | 1 2 | 0 11 | Gerard Dowe.
The offering of the kings | 1 4 | 1 0 | Polenburgh.
Two small figures, Venus and Adonis | 1 3½ | 1 6½ | Young Meiris.
A landskip with cattle | 1 7½ | 2 7 | Edema.
A landskip with fowls and a dog | 2 0 | 2 5½ | Craddock.
.ta-
.sp 2
.nf c
In the Gallery 52 pictures
.nf-
.ta l:15 r:8
Drawing room | 13
Saloon | 8
Dressing room | 32
Bedchamber | 1
Library | 1
Dining room | 2
Attick story | 9
| ——
| 118 In all
.ta-
// 361.png
.pn +1
.sp 2
Black Horse alley. 1. Barbican.* 2.
Near Snow hill.*
.pm d1
Black Horse court. 1. Aldersgate
street.* 2. In the Minories. 3. Old
Change.* 4. White street, Southwark.*
5. Windmill street.*
.pm d1
Black Horse yard. 1. Green street,
Leicester fields.* 2. In the Curtain, Hog
lane, Shoreditch.* 3. Gravel lane,
Houndsditch.* 4. Gray’s Inn lane.* 5.
Harrow alley, Petticoat lane.* 6. Nightingale
lane.* 7. Pickax street.* 8.
Poor Jewry lane, within Aldgate.* 9.
Tottenham Court road.* 10. Townditch,
Little Britain.* 11. Tower hill.*
12. Whitechapel.* 13. Great Windmill
street.*
.pm d1
Black Jack alley. 1. East Smithfield.*
2. Great Windmill street.* 3. Old
street.*
.pm d1
Black Lion alley, Wentworth street.*
.pm d1
Black Lion court. 1. Bank side.* 2.
Foster lane.* 3. Old Change.*
.pm d1
Black Lion stairs, near York Buildings.*
.pm d1
Black Lion yard. 1. Bedfordbury.* 2.
Stony lane, Petticoat lane.* 3. Whitechapel.*
.pm d1
Blackman’s court. 1. Great Peter
street.* 2. Price’s alley.*
// 362.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Blackman’s street, St. George’s church,
Southwark.*
.pm d1
Black Mary’s hole, a few stragling houses
near the Cold Bath fields, in the road to
Hampstead. It took its name from a
Blackmoor woman called Mary, who about
thirty years ago lived by the side of
the road near the stile in a small circular
hut built with stones.
.pm d1
Blackmoor’s Head yard, near St.
James’s square.*
.pm d1
Blackmoor street, Clare-market.*
.pm d1
Blackmoor’s alley. 1. Farthing fields.*
2. Green bank, Wapping.* 3. St. Martin’s
lane, Charing cross.*
.pm d1
Black Raven alley. 1. Coleman street.*
2. Leadenhall street.* 3. Near Fishmongers
hall in Thames street.*
.pm d1
Black Raven court. 1. Chiswell street.*
2. Golden lane.* 3. Grub street. 4. Leadenhall
street.* 5. St. Olave’s street.*
6. Seething lane.*
.pm d1
Black Raven passage, Fetter lane.*
.pm d1
Black Rod, an officer of the King’s palace,
so called from his carrying a black staff,
is the chief of the four Gentlemen Ushers
of the presence chamber, and attends
the House of Lords every day during the
sitting of Parliament, where his seat is
// 363.png
.pn +1
within the bar. When the King sends
to order the House of Commons to attend
him in that house, he always sends
the Black Rod. This gentleman is also
employed in fitting up the House of Lords
before the meeting of the Parliament;
he introduces the Lords into that house,
and to his custody delinquents are committed
by the Lords. This gentleman
is likewise Usher to the order of the
Garter.
.pm d1
Black’s alley, East Smithfield.
.pm d1
Black’s fields, Shad Thames.
.pm d1
Blacksmiths, an ancient guild, or fraternity,
which was continued by prescription,
till the Blacksmiths were incorporated
by letters patent granted by
Queen Elizabeth, and confirmed by
King James I.
This company is governed by a Master,
three Wardens, and twenty-one Assistants,
and has a livery of 220 members,
whose fine is 8l. They have a
pleasant hall on Lambeth hill, for the
dispatch of their affairs.
.pm d1
Blacksmiths yard, Upper Ground,
Southwark.
.pm d1
Black Spread Eagle alley. 1. Blackman
street.* 2. Kent street.* 3.
Turnmill street.*
// 364.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Black Spread Eagle court. 1. Blackman
street.* 2. Finch lane, Cornhill.*
.pm d1
Black Swan alley. 1. Golden lane.* 2.
Corbet’s court, Eagle street.* 3. Holiwell
street.* 4. Little Carter lane.* 5.
Opposite Garlick Hill, Thames street.*
6. London wall.* 7. St. Margaret’s
hill.*
.pm d1
Black Swan court. 1. Bartholomew
lane.* 2. Canon street.* 3. Golden
lane.* 4. In the Maze.* 5. Market
street.* 6. St. Paul’s Church yard.*
7. Shore ditch.* 8. Great Tower street.*
.pm d1
Black Swan yard. 1. Brown’s lane.* 2.
In the Borough.* 3. Newington Butts.*
4. Ropemakers fields, Limehouse.*
.pm d1
Black Swan Inn yard, Holborn.*
.pm d1
Blackwell, Poplar.
.pm d1
Blackwell hall, Basinghall street, a
very ancient edifice, employed for several
ages as a market for all kinds of woollen
cloth brought to London. This edifice
was originally called Basing’s Haugh or
Hall; probably from the family of the
Basings, who first built the house, and
whose arms were placed in many parts
of it, painted on the walls, and cut in
the stone-work. From this family, who
were owners also of the adjoining ground.
Stow supposes, that “the ward itself took
// 365.png
.pn +1
its name, as Coleman street ward of
Coleman, and Faringdon ward, of
William and Nicholas Faringdon.”
Of this family the same author observes,
that Solomon Basing was Mayor in the
year 1216; and that to Adam Basing his
son, who was also afterwards Mayor,
King Henry III. gave the advowson of
the church at Basing Hall, and several
liberties and privileges.
In the 36th year of Edward III. this
house was inhabited by Mr. Thomas
Bakewell, whence it obtained the name
of Bakewell Hall; a name that was afterwards
corrupted to that of Blackwell
Hall. At length it was purchased, with
the garden and appurtenances, of King
Richard II. by the city, for the sum of
50l. and from that time has been chiefly
employed as a weekly market for all
the broad and narrow woollen cloths
brought out of the country.
This house at length growing ruinous,
was rebuilt in the form of a handsome
store house in the year 1558, at the
charge of 2500l. but an hundred and
eight years after was destroyed by the fire
of London, and again rebuilt in 1672;
this last is the present edifice.
It is a square building with a court
// 366.png
.pn +1
in the middle surrounded with warehouses,
and has two spacious entrances
for carriages, one from Basinghall street,
and the other opposite to it by Guildhall.
This last is the principal front, and has
the door-case adorned with two columns
of the Doric order, with their entablature,
and a pediment, in which are the
King’s arms, and a little lower the city
arms enriched with Cupids, &c.
In this edifice are the Devonshire,
Gloucester, Worcester, Kentish, Medley,
Spanish, and Blanket Halls, in which
each piece of cloth pays one penny for
pitching, and a half-penny per week
resting; and the profits, which are said to
amount to about 1100l. per annum, are
applied towards the support of Christ’s
Hospital, the Governors whereof have
the whole management of these warehouses.
There are several statutes relating
to the regulation of this market, with
respect to the factors, and others concerned.
.pm d1
Blackwell Hall court, London Wall,
Basinghall street. ☐
.pm d1
Blackwell Hall passage, Cateaton
street. ☐
.pm d1
Blackwell Hall yard, Basinghall
street. ☐
// 367.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Blake’s alley, Holiwell lane. †
.pm d1
Blake’s court, Catharine street, in the
Strand. †
.pm d1
Blake’s yard, Old street. †
.pm d1
Bland court, Narrow street. †
.pm d1
Bland’s dock, Rotherhith. †
.pm d1
Bland’s yard, In the Minories. †
.pm d1
Blank yard, Great Pearl street.
.pm d1
Blechingly, a small parliamentary borough in Surrey,
said to have enjoyed
that privilege ever since parliaments had
a being, and yet it has no market. The
Bailiff, who returns the members, is annually
chosen at the Lord of the Mannor’s
court. The town, which is five
miles from Ryegate, and twenty from
London, being situated on a hill, on the
side of Holmsdale, affords a fine prospect,
as far as Sussex and the South Downs,
and from some of the ruins of the castle,
which are still visible, tho’ in the midst
of a coppice, one may take a view to
the west into Hampshire, and to the
east into Kent. Here is a free school
and an almshouse; but the spire of
the church was consumed by lightning
and all the bells melted in the year
1606.
.pm d1
Bleeding Heart yard, Cross street, Hatton
garden. †
// 368.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Blenheim street, Oxford street.
.pm d1
Blewgate fields, Ratcliff Highway.
.pm d1
Blewit’s buildings, Fetter lane. †
.pm d1
Blewit’s court, Fetter lane. †
.pm d1
Blick’s row, Oxford row. †
.pm d1
Blind Beggars alley, Cow Cross. †
.pm d1
Blood’s ground, Mersham street. †
.pm d1
Bloodworth’s dock, Wapping. †
.pm d1
Bloodworth’s yard, Wapping wall.
.pm d1
Bloody Bridge, King’s Road, Chelsea.
.pm d1
Bloomsbury, the district thus named was
anciently a village denominated Lomsbury,
in which were the King’s stables,
till they were destroyed by fire in 1354.
Maitland.
.pm d1
Bloomsbury church. See St. George’s
Bloomsbury.
.pm d1
Bloomsbury court, Bloomsbury market.
.pm d1
Bloomsbury market, by Bloomsbury square.
.if h
.il fn=i369.jpg w=600px
.ca
S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sculp.
Bedford House.
.ca-
.if-
.if t
.sp 2
[Illustration: S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sculp.
Bedford House.]
.sp 2
.if-
.pm d1
Bloomsbury square, Southampton street,
Holborn. This square has been lately
embellished with many goodhouses, and
the grass plats in the middle surrounded
with neat iron rails. The north side is
entirely taken up with Bedford House,
which is elegant, and was the design of
Inigo Jones. Besides the body of the
house, are two wings, and on each side
the proper offices. One of the wings is
// 369.png
.pn +1
// 370.png
.pn +1
// 371.png
.pn +1
a magnificent gallery in which are copies
of the Cartoons at Hampton Court,
as large as the originals, by Sir James
Thornhill. Behind the house are extensive
gardens, which command a view of
the country, and particularly of Highgate
and Hampstead.
.pm d1
Blossom’s Inn entry, Blossom’s Inn yard,
Laurence lane, Cheapside.
.pm d1
Blossom’s Inn yard, Honey lane market,
Cheapside.
.pm d1
Blossom’s street. 1. Briant street. 2. White-Lion
street, Norton Falgate.
.pm d1
Blowbladder street, from Cheapside
to St. Martin’s le Grand. It obtained its
present name from the bladders formerly
sold there, when the shambles were in
Newgate street.
.pm d1
Blow’s court, Saffron hill. †
.pm d1
Blue Anchor alley. 1. Barnaby street. *
2. Brook’s street, near Ratcliff Cross. *
3. Bunhill row. * 4. Cable street. *
5. Green Bank. * 6. Great Minories. *
7. Old street. * 8. Pesthouse row. *
9. Petty France. * 10. Rosemary
lane. * 11. St. Catharine’s. * 12.
Tooley street. * 13. Tower ditch. * 14.
Whitecross street, Cripplegate. *
.pm d1
Blue Anchor court. 1. Butcher row,
without Temple Bar. * 2. Coleman
// 372.png
.pn +1
street. * 3. Salisbury court, Fleet street.
.pm d1
Blue Anchor road, West lane, Rotherhith
wall. *
.pm d1
Blue Anchor yard. 1. Green Bank. *
2. Little Tower hill. * 3. London wall. *
4. Petty France, Westminster. * 5. St.
Catharine’s lane. * 6. Rosemary lane. *
.pm d1
Blue Ball alley. 1. In the Mint, Southwark. *
2. Saffron hill. *
.pm d1
Blue Ball court. * 1. Artichoke lane. *
2. Canon street. * 3. Drury lane. *
4. Little Hart street, Covent Garden. *
5. Salisbury court, Fleet street. *
.pm d1
Blue Ball yard, Fell street, Little Wood
street. *
.pm d1
Blue Bell yard. 1. Dirty lane. * 2. Petty
France, Westminster. *
.pm d1
Blue Bear alley. 1. Blackman street. *
2. Field lane. * 3. White street. *
.pm d1
Blue Bear court. 1. Canon street. *
2. Chick lane. * 3. Friday street. *
4. Rosemary lane. *
.pm d1
Blue Boar yard. 1. Field lane, Holborn. *
2. Great Russel street. *
.pm d1
Blue Boar Head yard, King’s street,
Westminster. *
.pm d1
Blue Boar Inn yard, Whitechapel. *
.pm d1
Blue Boar’s Head alley. 1. Barbican. *
2. White street. *
// 373.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Blue Boar’s Head Inn yard, Whitechapel.*
.pm d1
Blue court, Saffron hill.
.pm d1
Blue Cross street, Hedge lane, Charing
cross.
.pm d1
Blue Gate alley, Whitecross street,
Southwark.*
.pm d1
Blue Gate field, Upper Shadwell.
.pm d1
Blue Gate street. 1. Dirty lane, Blackman
street. 2. Ratcliff Highway.
.pm d1
Blue Gate yard. 1. Carter’s Rents. 2.
East Smithfield. 3. Harrow yard, Whitechapel.
.pm d1
Blue Hart court, Little Bell alley.*
.pm d1
Blue Maid alley, St. Margaret’s hill.*
.pm d1
Blue Post alley, Blue Gate field.
.pm d1
Blue yard, Gravel lane.
.pm d1
Blunderbuss alley, 1. King’s Gate street.*
2. St. Thomas Apostles.*
.pm d1
Boar alley, Grub street, Fore street.*
.pm d1
Boarded alley, Baldwin’s gardens.
.pm d1
Boarded entry. 1. Crutched Friars. 2.
London wall. 3. Surrey street.
.pm d1
Boar’s Head alley. 1. Whitechapel.* 2.
White street.*
.pm d1
Boar’s Head court. 1. In the Borough.*
2. Fleet ditch.* 3. Gracechurch street.*
4. Grub street.*
.pm d1
Boar’s Head yard. 1. Petticoat lane.* 2.
West Smithfield. *
// 374.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Boar’s Head Inn yard, Compter lane, St.
Margaret’s hill.*
.pm d1
Boatbuilders yard. 1. Bank side. 2.
College street.
.pm d1
Bock’s alley, Wapping wall.†
.pm d1
Bodd’s court, Philip lane, London wall.†
.pm d1
Boddington court. Cloak lane, Dowgate
hill.*
.pm d1
Boddy’s Bridge yard, Upper Ground.
.pm d1
Boddy’s rents, Gravel lane.†
.pm d1
Bolt and Tun alley. 1. In the Strand.*
2. Whitechapel.*
.pm d1
Bolt and Tun court, Fleet street.*
.pm d1
Bolt court, Fleet street.
.pm d1
Bond’s stables, by Fetter lane.†
.pm d1
Bond’s stables yard, near Fetter lane.†
.pm d1
Bond’s street, Piccadilly.†
.pm d1
Bond’s court, Walbrook.†
.pm d1
Bond’s rents, Marigold street, Rotherhith
wall.†
.pm d1
Bond’s yard, White Horse street, Ratcliff.†
.pm d1
Book’s alley, Wapping wall.†
.pm d1
Booker’s gardens, Leadenhall street.†
.pm d1
Boot alley. 1. Abchurch lane.* 2. Grub
street, Fore street, Cripplegate.* 3. Kent
street, Southwark.* 4. St. James’s street,
Westminster.* 5. Upper Ground street,
Southwark.*
.pm d1
Boot passage, Piccadilly.*
// 375.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Boot Street. 1. Hoxton.* 2. Brick lane,
Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Booth street, Spitalfields.†
.pm d1
Booth yard, Wapping.†
.pm d1
Borough, a street in the borough of
Southwark, extending from London
bridge to St. Margaret’s hill.
.pm d1
Borough Court. This is a court of
record by prescription, and is held
every Monday by the Lord Mayor’s
steward, at the hall on St. Margaret’s
hill, Southwark, where are tried actions
for any sum of money, damage,
trespasses, &c. To this court belong
three attornies, who are admitted by
the steward. Maitland. See St. Margaret’s
Hill.
There are also, besides this, three
courts leet held in the Borough; for
it contains three liberties or manors,
viz. the Great Liberty, the Guildable,
and the King’s manor, in which are
chosen constables, aleconners, &c. and
other business is dispatched peculiar
to such courts. In this neighbourhood
court leets are also kept at Lambeth,
Bermondsey, and Rotherhith.
.pm d1
Boss alley. 1. Near Trig stairs, Thames
street. 2. St. Mary hill. 3. Shad
Thames.
// 376.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Boss court, Peter’s hill, Thames street.
.pm d1
Bosvill’s rents, George street, Spitalfields.†
.pm d1
Bosville court, 1. Devonshire street,
Theobald’s row.† 2. Carey street, Lincoln’s
Inn fields.†
.pm d1
Bostwick’s alley, Whitechapel.†
.pm d1
Bostwick’s street, Old Gravel lane.†
.pm d1
St. Botolph’s Aldersgate, so denominated
from St. Botolph, a monk born in
Cornwall, is situated at the south east
corner of Little Britain, and tho’ the fire
in 1666 did not reach this edifice,
it from that time fell into decay, and
was great part of it rebuilt in 1757.
It is a plain brick edifice with a tower
supported on a kind of arch work,
and crowned with an open turret,
and its fane. It is a curacy in the
patronage of the Dean and Chapter of
Westminster Abbey; but is subject to
the Bishop and Archdeacon of London,
to whom it pays procuration.
.pm d1
St. Botolph’s Aldgate, situated on the
east side of Houndsditch, fronting the
Minories. The old church escaped
the fire in 1666, and stood till the
year 1741, when it was taken down, and
the present edifice finished in 1744. It
is built with brick, and is a plain, massy,
// 377.png
.pn +1
and yet elegant structure. It consists of a
body of a regular shape, and a lofty
and well-proportioned steeple, formed
of a tower and spire. Its greatest
ornament is a bold rustic with which
it is strengthened at the corners. This
church is a curacy, and the impropriation
is held in fee of the
Crown. The Curate, besides other
considerable advantages, receives 400l.
a year by tithes. Newc. Rep. Eccles.
.pm d1
St. Botolph’s Billingsgate, a rectory, the
church whereof formerly stood opposite
to Botolph lane, in Thames street, in
Billingsgate ward; but being destroyed
by the fire of London, and not rebuilt,
the parish was by act of parliament
annexed to St. George’s Botolph
lane.
.pm d1
St. Botolph’s Bishopsgate, opposite the
north end of Houndsditch. The old
church escaping the general conflagration
in 1666, at length fell into decay,
and the present structure was
raised by act of parliament, at the
expence of the parish. It is a massy
and spacious edifice. The body is well
built with brick, and well enlightened,
and the roof hid by a handsome balustrade.
On the inside the roof is
// 378.png
.pn +1
arched, except over the galleries, and
two rows of Corinthian columns support
both the galleries and arch which
extends over the body of the church,
and is neatly adorned with fret work,
from which hang several handsome
gilt branches. The steeple, tho’ heavy,
has an air of magnificence. In the
center of the front is a large plain
arched window, decorated at a distance
with pilasters of the Doric order. Over
this window is a festoon, and above
that an angular pediment; on each
side is a door crowned with windows,
and over these others of the porthole
kind; above these last rises a square
tower crowned with a dome, whose
base is circular, and surrounded by a
balustrade in the same form; by the
side of which, on the corners of the
tower, are placed urns with flames.
From this part rises a series of coupled
Corinthian columns, supporting other
urns like the former, and over them
rises the orgive dome, crowned
with a very large vase with flames.
The Author of The Critical Review
says, that he thinks this steeple more
in taste than most about town; and
that the parts of which it is composed
// 379.png
.pn +1
are simple, beautiful and harmonious.
The author of The English Architecture,
however, observes, “That the placing of
a window in the middle of the street,
where the principal door should have
been, is an error of the first magnitude.
The most unlearned eye must
perceive a strange imperfection in this,
though without knowing what it is;
and there is something in the highest
degree disgustful, at being shut out by
a dead wall at the proper and natural
entrance.” But in justification of the
architect, it may be alledged, that this
being the east end, he might not be
allowed to form a door in the center,
where the altar is placed under a noble
arch beneath the steeple; and that
much greater improprieties than this are
daily seen, from the idle custom which
has generally prevailed of placing the
altar to the east in spight of any inconveniences
it may occasion, as in St. Clement’s
in the Strand, St. Dunstan’s in
Fleet street, and many others. This
church is a rectory, the patronage of
which is in the Bishop of London. The
Rector, besides other considerable advantages,
receives about 200l. a year by
tithes,
// 380.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Botolph lane, Little Eastcheap.†
.pm d1
Botolph’s alley, Botolph lane.†
.pm d1
Botolph’s court, Durham yard.
.pm d1
Botolph’s wharf, Thames street.†
.pm d1
Bottle alley, Bishopsgate street without.*
.pm d1
Bottle of hay yard, Islington road.*
.pm d1
Bottle yard, Bottle alley.*
.pm d1
Boulton street, Hyde Park road.†
.pm d1
Bourne’s Almshouse, in Kingsland Road,
was erected in the year 1734, by the
company of Framework-knitters, pursuant
to the will of Thomas Bourne, Esq;
who bequeathed to that company 1000l.
to purchase ground, and erect a building
upon it of twelve rooms, for that number
of poor freemen or their widows,
and endowed this almshouse with 2000l.
to be laid out in a purchase of 80l. a
year.
.pm d1
Bow, a village in Middlesex, a little to the
east of Mile End, also called Stratford
le Bow; is named Bow, from the stone
arches of its bridge built over the river
Lea, by Maud the wife of Henry I.
Its church built by Henry II. was a
chapel of ease to Stepney; but was
lately made parochial.
This village is inhabited by many
whitsters and scarlet dyers, and here
has lately been set up a large manufactury
// 381.png
.pn +1
of porcelain, which is brought to
such perfection as to be very little inferior
to that of China.
.pm d1
Bow church, in Cheapside. See St. Mary
le bow.
.pm d1
Bow church yard, Cheapside.
.pm d1
Bow lane. 1. Cheapside, so named
from the church of St. Mary le Bow, near
the north west end of it. 2. New
Gravel lane. 3. Poplar.
.pm d1
Bow road, Mile end, leading to the village
of Stratford le Bow.
.pm d1
Bow street. 1. A very handsome street by
Covent Garden. 2. Long Ditch. 3. St.
Giles’s Broad street. 4. Sutton street,
Hog lane, Soho.
.pm d1
Bowl alley, St. Saviour’s Dock head.
.pm d1
Bowl court, Shoreditch.
.pm d1
Bowl yard, St. Giles’s Broadway.
.pm d1
Bowling alley. 1. Cow Cross. 2. Dean’s
yard, Westminster. 3. Thames street.
4. Tooley street. 5. Turnmill street.
6. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.
.pm d1
Bowling green. 1. Bandy Leg walk.
2. Near Hospital walk.
.pm d1
Bowling green alley, Hoxton.
.pm d1
Bowling green passage, Queen street,
Southwark.†
.pm d1
Bowling green field, Blue Maid’s alley.†
.pm d1
Bowling green lane, Bridewell walk,
Clerkenwell.
// 382.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Bowman’s court. 1. Gardiner’s lane, King’s
street, Westminster.† 2. Salisbury court,
Fleet street.†
.pm d1
Bowson’s yard, Quaker’s street.†
.pm d1
Bowyers, or makers of long and cross
bows, a company by prescription, but
in 1620, tho’ the use of bows and
arrows were entirely laid aside, they
were incorporated by King James I. by
the name of the Master, Wardens, and
Society of the mystery of Bowyers of the
city of London. They consist entirely
of other trades, and are governed by a
Master, two Wardens, and twelve Assistants,
with thirty Liverymen, who
at the time of their admission pay a fine
of 8l. Tho’ they had formerly a hall,
they have none at present.
.pm d1
Bowyer’s court. 1. Fenchurch street.† 2.
Monkwell street.†
.pm d1
Bowyer’s yard, Wapping.†
.pm d1
Box’s alley, Wapping wall.†
.pm d1
Boxford’s court, New street, Shoe lane.†
.pm d1
Boxhill, near Dorking in Surrey, received
its name from the box trees planted
on the south side of it, by the Earl of
Arundel, in the reign of King Charles I.
but the north part is covered with yews.
Upon this hill, which extends in a continued
chain into Kent, there is a large
warren; and as its top affords a most
// 383.png
.pn +1
enchanting prospect, it is much frequented
by the gentry from Epsom, who
come to divert themselves in the labyrinths
formed in these delightful groves;
and for their accommodation arbours
are made, in which refreshments of all
sorts are sold. The river Mole runs
under the foot of this hill, for a quarter
of a mile together.
.pm d1
Boxwood court, New street square.
.pm d1
Boy and Bell alley, Brick lane, Spitalfields.*
.pm d1
Boyle’s Head court, in the Strand.*
.pm d1
Boyle’s Lecture, was founded by the
Hon. Robert Boyle, who by his last will
left an annual salary of 50l. for some
learned Divine to preach eight sermons
in the year, in proof of the christian
religion, against Atheists, Deists, Pagans,
and Mahometans, without descending
to any controversies that subsist among
Christians. These Lectures to be in
the first Mondays of the months of
January, February, March, April, May,
September, October, and November. In
such churches as the Trustees should
from time to time appoint. This Lecture
has been carried on by very learned
men, and are now generally preached
at Bow church in Cheapside.
// 384.png
.pn +1
.pm d1
Brabant court, Philpot lane.
.pm d1
Brackley street, Litton street, Bridge-water
gardens.†
.pm d1
Brackley’s yard, Barnaby street.†
.pm d1
Bradley’s alley, Queen street.†
.pm d1
Bradshaw’s rents, Portpool lane.†
.pm d1
Brand’s court, Ratcliff Narrow street.
.pm d1
Brand’s yard, in the Minories.†
.pm d1
Brandy yard, in the Minories.
.pm d1
Brank’s yard, Nightingale lane.†
.pm d1
Bratt’s rents, Ducking pond row, Whitechapel
common.
.pm d1
Bray’s rents, Rag fair.†
.pm d1
Brazen court, Hartshorn lane, in the
Strand.║
.pm d1
Braze’s bridge, St. Olave street.†
.pm d1
Brazil warehouse yard, Trinity lane.
.pm d1
Brazile’s rents, East Smithfield.†
.pm d1
Bread street, Cheapside, thus named
from a bread market kept there before the
fire of London. Maitland.
.pm d1
Bread street alley, Bread street hill.
.pm d1
Bread street hill, Thames street.
.sp 2
.nf c
End of the First Volume.
.nf-
.sp 2
.pb
\_ // this gets the sp 2 recognized.
.sp 2
.dv class=tnbox // TN box start
.ul
.it Transcriber’s Notes:
.ul indent=1
.it The tables on page 187 and following pages, were\
reformated from multiple, separate tables to one larger\
table for each volume.
.it Pound, shilling and pence abbreviations (l. s. d.) were\
regularized to be italic.
.it Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
.it Typographical errors were silently corrected.
.it Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a\
predominant form was found in this book.
.if t
.it The use of a carat (^) before a letter shows it was intended to be\
a superscript, as in S^t Bartholomew.
.it Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
.if-
.ul-
.ul-
.dv- // TN box end
\_
| |